Separation of business processes of an infrastructure manager from business processes of a railway undertaking within the scope of traffic and safety rules

Stručnim radom se na jednostavan i analitičan način ukazuje na nedostatnu razdvojenost poslovnih procesa upravitelja infrastrukture od poslovnih procesa željezničkih prijevoznika. Ta nedostatna razdvojenost relikt je prošlosti uslijed činjenice da su donedavno željeznički prijevoznik i upravitelj infrastrukture bili jedno poduzeće. Radom se detaljno i sažeto ukazuje na više detalja iz prometne i signalne regulative za željeznički promet, koji nisu dovoljno usklađeni s aktualnim stanjem u željezničkom prometu te s TSI-jom za odvijanje i upravljanje prometom. Osim što se na takve detalje ukazuje, predlažu se i konkretna vrlo jednostavna rješenja za nadilaženje takve nepovoljne situacije u regulatornim prometnim i signalnim općim aktima, čime bi se izbjegli eventualni sudski konflikti u budućnosti između željezničkih prijevoznika i upravitelja infrastrukture.In a simple and analytical way, this specialist paper points to insufficient separation of business processes of an infrastructure manager from business processes of a railway undertaking. This insufficient separation is a remnant of the past due to the fact that, until recently, a railway undertaking and an infrastructure manager were a single company. The paper provides a detailed and brief reference to several details arising from rail traffic and signalling regulations, which are not sufficiently harmonized with the current condition in railway traffic and with the TSI pertaining to traffic operations and management. Besides indicating these details, specific and rather simple solutions are proposed with regard to overcoming such unfavourable situations in regulatory traffic and signalling general acts, which could help avoid potential legal disputes in the future between railway undertakings and infrastructure managers

Efikasnost bakar-citrata u zaštiti vinove loze od bolesti

The control of Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea, two of the most dangerous pathogens on grapevine, requires frequent treatments with chemicals based on weather conditions. Numerous applications of fungicides have resulted in developing fungicide resistance. Active ingredients based on copper have been used very successfully for a long time to protect grapevines against these pathogens. Application of a copper citrate formulation with high degree dissociation at a very low concentration (1%) was evaluated in field trials. The efficacy of two concentrations of copper citrate, 0.5 and 1.0%, were tested against P. viticola on grapevine in three locations, and against B. cinerea in two locations during 2018. Our results demonstrated that the concentration of 1.0% copper citrate was highly effective against P. viticola (87.4%) and B. cinerea (63.7%), compared to standard treatment (90.6 and 53.1%), under a high level of infection.Zaštita vinove loze od prouzrokovača plamenjače vinove loze - Plasmopara viticola i sive truleži - Botrytis cinerea, je vrlo kompleksna i zahteva primenu većeg broja hemijskih tretmana, u skladu sa vremenskim uslovima. Učestala primena fungicida uslovljavala je pojavu rezistentnih izolata patogena na fungicide. Različite forme bakarnih jedinjenja primenjuju se u zaštiti vinove loze dugi niz godina prilično uspešno. Primena bakar-citrata - formulacije sa visokim stepenom disocijacije u niskoj koncentraciji (1,0%) ispitivana je u poljskim uslovima. Efikasnost dve koncentracije bakar-citrata - 0.5 i 1.0% je testirana u suzbijanju P. viticola i B. cinerea na vinovoj lozi na tri (dva) lokaliteta, tokom 2018 godine. Naši rezultati pokazuju da je ispitivana koncentracija od 1,0% bakar-citrata ispoljila zadovoljavajući efekat na P. viticola (87,4%) i B. cinerea (63,7%) u odnosu na primenjene standarde (90,6% i 53,1%) u uslovima visokih zaraza

Fitoplazmoze vinove loze

Phytoplasmas of grapevine are a group of harmful pathogens known as a yellowing type . On the grapevine stems affected by phytoplasma the following pathological cahges are observed: yellowing/reddening of the leaves, wilting and triangle-shaped laminae rolling, drying of flowers and clusters, withering and bit-ter taste of berries, unlignificated and rubbery canes and their freezing during win-ter, as well as decline and death of vines. All of these symptoms, especially the ones affecting flower and grapes lead to a significant reduction in the grape yield and poor quality wine. The yield reduction per plant/vine can be as high as 97%. The plants affected by the phytoplasmas stay infeccted permanently. Any plant protection measures applied, need to be preventive.Fitoplazmoze vinove loze su grupa vrlo raširenih štetnih oboljenja tipa žutila, čiji su prouzrokovači fitoplazme. Kod čokota obolelih od fitoplazmoza registrovane su kao najznačajnije sledeće patološke promene: žutilo/crvenilo lišća, uvelost, povijanje prema naličju i trouglast izgled liski, venjenje i sušenje cvasti i grozdova, smežuravanje i gorak ukus bobica, nezdrvenjavanje i gumoznost lastara i njihovo izmrzavanje zimi, kao i sušenje i prevremeno uginjavanje čokota. Ove promene, a posebno one koje se ispoljavaju na cvastima i grozdovima dovode do smanjenja prinosa grožđa i pogoršanja kvaliteta vina. Smanjenje prinosa po obolelom čokotu može iznositi i preko 97%. Čokoti vinove loze oboleli od fitoplazmi ostaju trajno zaraženi. Osnovne mere borbe protiv fitoplazmi vinove loze su preventivne mere

Evaluation and Selection of the Quality Methods for Manufacturing Process Reliability Improvement-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Genetic Algorithm Approach

The aim of this research is to propose a hybrid decision-making model for evaluation and selection of quality methods whose application leads to improved reliability of manufacturing in the process industry. Evaluation of failures and determination of their priorities are based on failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), which is a widely used framework in practice combining with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). The all-existing uncertainties in the relative importance of the risk factors (RFs), their values, applicability of the quality methods, as well as implementation costs are described by pre-defined linguistic terms which are modeled by the TIFNs. The selection of quality methods is stated as the rubber knapsack problem which is decomposed into subproblems with a certain number of solution elements. The solution of this problem is found by using genetic algorithm (GA). The model is verified through the case study with the real-life data originating from a significant number of organizations from one region. It is shown that the proposed model is highly suitable as a decision-making tool for improving the manufacturing process reliability in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of process industry

Evaluation and Selection of the Quality Methods for Manufacturing Process Reliability Improvement-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Genetic Algorithm Approach

The aim of this research is to propose a hybrid decision-making model for evaluation and selection of quality methods whose application leads to improved reliability of manufacturing in the process industry. Evaluation of failures and determination of their priorities are based on failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), which is a widely used framework in practice combining with triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TIFNs). The all-existing uncertainties in the relative importance of the risk factors (RFs), their values, applicability of the quality methods, as well as implementation costs are described by pre-defined linguistic terms which are modeled by the TIFNs. The selection of quality methods is stated as the rubber knapsack problem which is decomposed into subproblems with a certain number of solution elements. The solution of this problem is found by using genetic algorithm (GA). The model is verified through the case study with the real-life data originating from a significant number of organizations from one region. It is shown that the proposed model is highly suitable as a decision-making tool for improving the manufacturing process reliability in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of process industry

The Allocation of Business Model Components under Presence of Uncertainties by the Branch-and-Bound Method

As the only constant in business is change, business transformation is essential for adopting new perspectives and business trends. One of the keys to performing successful business transformation is to be fully aware of the current components of the business model. This research aims to allocate the business model components (BMCs) to defined business model components groups (BMCGs) by developing a new approach that integrates fuzzy sets and heuristic algorithms. The allocation results enable a comprehensive analysis of business model frameworks and give a good connection to research in the domain of strategic management and business process modeling. For allocation, the decision-makers (DMs) are employing the linguistic terms modeled by the fuzzy sets theory. The considered problem is stated as an integer programming model where the optimal solution is given by a B&B algorithm. The model is tested on a sample of forty experts from four different economic sectors

Detekcija XIIA grupe fitoplazmi sorte župljanka u župskom vinogorju RFLP analizom 16s rDNA sekvenci

'Bois noir' (BN) is an important grapevine disease associated with phytoplasmas belonging to ribosomal subgroup 16SrXII-A. Phytoplasmas cause diseases in several hundred plant species. The number of infected cultivars is growing each year and it is important to follow the spreading of the phytoplasma in the different regions and identify which strains are present in specific regions on specific cultivars. Phytoplasmas are identified and classified based on direct sequencing of phytoplasma 16S rDNA or the 16S to 23S intergenic spacer region, but this approach is not always practical when a large number of unknown phytoplasmas is to be analyzed. Classification by RFLP analysis has provided a simple and rapid method that can be used to differentiate and identify a large number of unclarified phytoplasmas. Our objective was to investigate presence of phytoplasmas of 16SrXII-A group (Stolbur) in Zupa vineyard region. Detection was based on RFLP analysis of 16s rDNA sequences using four restriction enzymes: Tru1I, AluI, KpnI and TaqI. We identified phytoplasmas of XIIA group on two of three investigated cultivars (Zupljanka and Frankovka, but not on Plovdina) in the Zupa vineyard regions (Gornje Rataje and Tules locality). This is the first report of Stolbur phytoplasma on cv. Zupljanka in Zupa region.'Bois noir' (BN) je značjna bolest vinove loze izazavana fitoplazmama 16SrXII-A grupe. Fitoplazme izazaivaju bolesti kod nekoliko stotina biljnih vrsta. Ovaj broj se povećeva svake godine, pa je veoma značajno pratiti širenje fitoplazmi u različitim regionima i utvrditi koji izazivač je prisutan u nekom regionu i na određenoj sorti. Identifikacija i klasifikacija fitoplazmi bazirana je na sekvenciranju 16S rDNA ili intergenskog regiona 16S - 23S, ali ovaj metod se retko primenjuje na analizu velikog broja uzoraka. Primena RFLP analize omogućava brzo i jednostavno detektovanje, diferenciranje i klasifikaciju velikog broja fitoplazmi. Cilj ovog rada je detektovanje fitoplazmi 16SrXII-A grupe (Stolbur) u Župskom vinogorju. Detekcija je izvršena RFLP analizom 16s rDNA sekvenci korišćenjem restrikcionih enzima: Tru1I, AluI, KpnI and TaqI. Identifikovane su fitoplazme XIIA grupe na dve od tri ispitivane sorte (na Župljanki i Frankovki, ali ne na Plovdini) u Župskom vinogorju (lokaliteti Gornje Rataje i Tuleš ). U ovim istraživanjima je prvi put dokazano prisustvo Stolbur fitoplazme na sorti Župljanka u Župskom regionu

Assessment indicators viability of potato seed-tubers cv. Kondor

In this paper the results of quality wheat and final products are shown that depends on genetics' composition of cultivar, ecologic condition, the way of growing and from the factors that result interpreting wheat in form the final product. Knowledge of chemical or biochemical composition of grain of wheat as relations some qualitative parameters successfully directed the processes and operations products from wheat-final products. For wheat determinating of particular importance are: carbo hydrate-starch, proteins (glutenins, gliadines, albumines and globulines) lipids and multyenzymes systems (the presence of more different enzymes group as amylase complex, proteinase and peptidase, lipase and lipooksi­genase and some oksidoreductase).Istraživanja pokazatelja (osobine) životne sposobnosti su vršena na semenskim krtolama krompira sorte Kondor. Obuhvaćen je semenski materijal dve generacije: original i prva semenska reprodukcija. Proizvodnja semenskog materijala izvršena je tokom dve godine (2000. i 2001.) na tri lokacije (Kotraža, Sjenica i Golija). Čuvanje semenskih krtola u hladnim uslovima trajalo je oko 100 dana. Zatim je semenski materijal izlagan termičkoj indukciji nakon čega su uklonjene apikalne klice sa krtola. Posle toga semenske krtole su izložene tamnoj i svetloj fazi ispitivanja uz odgovarajuće temperaturne režime. Na semenskim krtolama utvrđivane su i merene sledeće osobine: broj klica, debljina klica, dužina klica i broj listova po krtoli. Između kategorija su ispoljene jasne i velike razlike u pogledu vrednosti osobina semenskih krtola, kao i različita statistička značajnost faktora i interakcija za broj klica, debljinu klica i dužinu klica. Za osobinu broj listova po krtoli nema statističke značajnosti nijedan faktor ili interakcije kod obe kategorije u sva tri termina

Nanostructured SnO2 thick films for gas sensor application: analysis of structural and electronic properties

This research is focused on structural and electrical characterisation of tin oxide (SnO2) applied as a thick film and investigation of its properties as gas sensitive material. Micron sized SnO2 powder was milled in an agate mill for six hours to fabricate SnO2 nanopowder, which was afterwards sieved by 325 mesh sieve and characterized by XRD and SEM. This powder was used as functional part in the production of thick film tin oxide paste containing a resin vehicle with 4 wt. % nanosize glass frits acting as permanent binder. The glass frits where additionally milled for twelve hours in the agate mills to nanosized powder and sieved by a 325 mesh sieve as well. The achieved thick film paste was screen printed on alumina and fired at 850oC peak temperature for 10 minutes in air. After the sintering process, thick film samples where characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The reflectivity was measured on the same samples by UV-VIS spectrophotometer: the band gap was determined from the slope of reflectance. After that a matrix of different interdigitated electrode structure of PdAg paste was printed and sintered using the mentioned sintering conditions. The tin oxide thick film was printed over the interdigitated electrodes as a top layer and sintered again under the same conditions. The total electrical resistance was measured as a function of the electrode spacing and temperature. A negative temperature coefficient (NTC) was identified and measured in the range from room temperature (27°C) to 180°C in a climate chamber. Finally the samples were placed into a gas reactor with NOx and CO gas and the resistance was measured in the same temperature range (27°C-200°C)

Application of semi-selective mediums in routine diagnostic testing of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola on common bean seeds

Halo blight, caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp), is considered to be an important bacterial disease on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Serbia. Use of pathogen-free seeds is one of the most effective control measures against this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate a detection method for Psp on untreated common bean seeds (23 genotypes) from commercial crops grown within Serbia. Detection of this pathogen was made by plating onto the modified sucrose peptone (MSP) and Milk Tween (MT) semi-selective mediums from soaked whole common bean seed. Colonies growing on the MSP medium were light yellow, convex and shiny, whereas on the MT medium, they were creamy white, flat and circular. The pathogenicity of the obtained strains was confirmed by the inoculation of germinated bean seed. The isolates recovered from the seed assay were further confirmed to be Psp by using both Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) detection methodologies. The International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) method selected for this work was found to be effective in detecting the presence of Psp in common bean seed. The bacterium Psp was detected in only two of the 23 seed samples analyzed by this method, which shows that the bacterium is not widespread in Serbia