The Benefits of Regular Kinesiotherapy Once a Week for Postmenopausal Women: an Aged-Matched Study

Regular exercise training improves overall physical fitness and quality of life in postmenopausal women. The exigent training frequency depends on a user-specified training aim. The aim of this study was to confirm the benefits of regular once a week exercise training for the maintenance of fitness in postmenopausal women. The test group included 20 postmenopausal women (65±3.1 years) who have been attending the exercise training program conducted by the physiotherapist once a week for three years. The age-matched control group included 20 healthy women (65.5±2.4 years) who did not regularly attend the training program. The outcomes were: right and left lateral trunk flexion, right and left shoulder flexion, right and left grip strength, endurance capacity of the trunk extensors, lower limb muscle strength (1’ chair stand test), and balance (one-leg standing duration time with eyes open and closed). Women from the test group achieved statistically significant better results in the following outcomes: right lateral trunk flexion (15.4 cm: 12.6 cm, p<0.001), left lateral trunk flexion (15.4 cm: 12.6 cm, p=0.001), trunk extension muscle endurance (53.4 s: 40.5 s, p<0.001), lower limb muscle strength (28.4 x: 25 x, p<0.001), and one-leg standing duration time with open eyes (33.5 s: 19.7 s, p<0.001). The results suggest that a regular once a week exercise training program designed and conducted by the physiotherapist, may be helpful in the improvement or maintenance of flexibility, muscle strength and capacity, and balance in postmenopausal women. The better fitness proved by our study could be a result of other causes and not solely that of the designed training program

The Necessity of Application of Control Measurement in Therapy of Persons with Brain Injury

Introduction. Control measurement is common in experimental situations, while in practice it is often overlooked or just reduced to a conversation with the patient. It is obvious that we have to ask questions such as: is it necessary to perform a control measurement at all, when is it performed, with which instruments and how many control measurements should be performed? These questions go deep into the doctrine of any science and practice. Aim. In this paper, the eventual necessity of performing control measurements is considered from the theoretical and practical aspects. Methods. In this work, we dealt with the therapy of cognitive and motor functions, that is, the phenomena of memory, attention, orientation and practical functions. The sample consisted of 15 male and female respondents aged 15 to 20 years. We examined their cognitive and practical functioning using subtests from The Mental Status in Neurology (Strub, R., Black, W. 1983) and Cognitive Assessment Ability (Adamovich, B., Henderson, J., Auerbach, S., 1985). The choice of subtests was oriented towards acquired knowledge, experiences, semi-abstract and abstract thinking from the patient's immediate environment. Upon application of the experimental model, which lasted four weeks, we performed a control measurement. Results. The obtained results show the justification of the application of the control measurement in the tested subjects. The results indicate the importance of control measurement, which is reflected in the possibility of recording the progress of treated patients in the examined domains. By control measurement, therefore, we can determine progress or stagnation in the recovery of certain parts of the tested and treated functions. The research results unequivocally indicate a statistically significant difference (p<0.5 to p<0.1) between the first and second measurements in the examined functions. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that control measurement is a necessary approach in confirming the correctness of using current therapeutic procedures, their modification and dosage

Low-wage labour market - The impact of a change in the national minimum wage and wage inequality in Serbia

Pogoršanje performansi tržišta rada u Srbiji do kojeg je došlo usled pojave ekonomske krize uticalo je na to da naučna javnost bude preokupirana temama kao što su niska zaposlenost i visoka nezaposlenost. Oporavak tržišta rada koji je otpočeo u prvom delu druge decenije XXI veka ostavio je prostora istraživačima da se ne bave isključivo kvantitetom, već i kvalitetom zaposlenosti. Ova disertacija je korak u tom smeru, jer razmatra jedan od najvažnijih aspekata kvaliteta zaposlenosti – dohodak od rada. U njoj se analiza zarada i njihove dinamike sprovodi putem tri empirijska istraživanja u čijem je fokusu segment tržišta rada na kome rade radnici sa niskim zaradama...The worsening of performances on the Serbian labour market due to the economic crisis has led the scientific public to be preoccupied with topics such as low employment and high unemployment. The recovery of the labour market, which began in the first part of the second decade of the 21st century, left room for researchers to deal not only with quantity but also with the quality of employment. The dissertation is a step in that direction, as it looks at one of the most important aspects of employment quality - labour income. It analyzes wages and their dynamics through three empirical studies focusing on the low-wage labour market segment..

The Necessity of Application of Control Measurement in Therapy of Persons with Brain Injury

Introduction. Control measurement is common in experimental situations, while in practice it is often overlooked or just reduced to a conversation with the patient. It is obvious that we have to ask questions such as: is it necessary to perform a control measurement at all, when is it performed, with which instruments and how many control measurements should be performed? These questions go deep into the doctrine of any science and practice. Aim. In this paper, the eventual necessity of performing control measurements is considered from the theoretical and practical aspects. Methods. In this work, we dealt with the therapy of cognitive and motor functions, that is, the phenomena of memory, attention, orientation and practical functions. The sample consisted of 15 male and female respondents aged 15 to 20 years. We examined their cognitive and practical functioning using subtests from The Mental Status in Neurology (Strub, R., Black, W. 1983) and Cognitive Assessment Ability (Adamovich, B., Henderson, J., Auerbach, S., 1985). The choice of subtests was oriented towards acquired knowledge, experiences, semi-abstract and abstract thinking from the patient's immediate environment. Upon application of the experimental model, which lasted four weeks, we performed a control measurement. Results. The obtained results show the justification of the application of the control measurement in the tested subjects. The results indicate the importance of control measurement, which is reflected in the possibility of recording the progress of treated patients in the examined domains. By control measurement, therefore, we can determine progress or stagnation in the recovery of certain parts of the tested and treated functions. The research results unequivocally indicate a statistically significant difference (p<0.5 to p<0.1) between the first and second measurements in the examined functions. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that control measurement is a necessary approach in confirming the correctness of using current therapeutic procedures, their modification and dosage

The necessity of application of control measurement in therapy of persons with brain injury

Uvod: Kontrolno merenje je uobičajeno u eksperimentalnim situacijama, dok se u praksi često ne realizuje ili se obavi razgovor sa pacijentom. Očigledno je da moramo da postavimo pitanja poput: da li je uopšte potrebno vršiti kontrolno merenje, kada se ono vrši, kojim instrumentima i koliko kontrolnih merenja je potrebno izvršiti? Ova pitanja duboko zadiru u doktrinu bilo koje nauke i prakse. Cilj: U ovom radu razmatra se eventualna neophodnost primene kontrolnih merenja sa teorijskog i praktičnog aspekta. Metode: U radu smo se bavili terapijom kognitivnih i motoričkih funkcija kod osoba sa povredom mozga, odnosno fenomenima pamćenja, pažnje, orijentacije i praksičkim funkcijama. Uzorak je činilo 15 muških i ženskih ispitanika starosti od 15 do 20 godina. Kognitivne i praksičke funkcije ispitivali smo subtestovima The Mental Status in Neurology (Stub, Block, 1983) i Cognitive Asseasment Abillity (Adamovich, Henderson, Auerbach, 1985). Izbor subtestova je u ovom slučaju bio orijentisan ka stečenim znanjima, iskustvima, poluapstraktnom i apstraktnom mišljenju. Nakon eksperimentalnog tretmana koji je trajao četiri nedelje, izvršili smo kontrolno merenje. Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju opravdanost primene kontrolnog merenja kod testiranih ispitanika. Oni ukazuju na značaj kontrolnog merenja, koji se ogleda u mogućnost evidentiranja napretka tretiranih pacijenta u ispitivanim domenima. Kontrolnim merenjem, dakle, možemo utvrditi napredak ili zastoj u oporavku pojedinih delova ispitivanih i tretiranih funkcija. Rezultati istraživanja nedvosmisleno ukazuju na statistički značajnu razliku (od p<0,5 do p<0,1) između prvog i drugog merenja u ispitivanim funkcijama. Zaključak: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da je kontrolno merenje neophodan pristup u potvrdi značaja primene aktuelnih terapijskih postupaka, njihovoj modifikaciji i doziranju.Introduction: Control measurement is common in experimental situations, while in practice, it is often overlooked or just reduced to a conversation with the patient. It is obvious that we have to ask questions such as: is it necessary to perform a control measurement at all, when is it performed, with which instruments and how many control measurements should be performed? These questions go deep into the doctrine of any science and practice. Aim: In this paper, the eventual necessity of performing control measurements is considered from the theoretical and practical aspects. Methods: In this work, we dealt with the therapy of cognitive and motor functions, that is, the phenomena of memory, attention, orientation, and practical functions. The sample consisted of 15 male and female respondents aged 15 to 20 years. We examined their cognitive and practical functioning using subtests from The Mental Status in Neurology (Stub, Block, 1983) and Cognitive Assessment Ability (Adamovich, Henderson, Auerbach, 1985). The choice of subtests was oriented towards acquired knowledge, experiences, semi-abstract and abstract thinking from the patient’s immediate environment. Upon application of the experimental model, which lasted four weeks, we performed a control measurement. Results: The obtained results show the justification of the application of the control measurement in the tested subjects. The results indicate the importance of control measurement, which is reflected in the possibility of recording the progress of treated patients in the examined domains. By control measurement, therefore, we can determine progress or stagnation in the recovery of certain parts of the tested and treated functions. The research results unequivocally indicate a statistically significant difference (p<0.5 to p<0.1) between the first and second measurements in the examined functions. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that control measurement is a necessary approach in confirming the correctness of using current therapeutic procedures, their modification, and dosage

CUSTOMER INVOLVEMENT AND PRODUCT CONFIGURATORS IN SMEs OKP WITH THE DOMINANT VARIATION OF THE TOPOLOGY

This paper is concerned with the complexity of the configuration process in small-and medium-sized one-of-a-kind production (SMEs OKP) with the dominant variation of the topology from the aspect of the position of customer involvement decoupling point (CIDP), batch size and the complexity of the product configurations process. The issues of the level of the product adjustment to the customer, complexity of the product configuration process, the possibility for the client to be integrated in that early phase of the production and the way of using the data obtained in the product configuration process for generating the final product specification of the customised product in this type of production have been discussed. A special concern has been given to the product complexity paradox, i.e. a risk that a customer may decide not to purchase the product because of too many technical details they encounter while configuring the product, as well as an inevitable extension of the leading time induced by the position of CIDP in this type of production. The division of configurators in three interconnected parts is suggested as the solution for the aforementioned problems: the front-end, middle-end and back-end configurator. The paper emphasises the establishment of the necessary communication channel between the customer, i.e. the front-end configurator and the seller, i.e. the middle end configurator in order to alleviate the effects of the product complexity paradox. A positive effect of the automatic download of the generated data from the front-end and middle-end configurators by the back-end configurator on the leading time reduction has been also discussed

Trovanje životinja - veterinarsko medicinski i krivično pravni aspekti

Apart from approved or planned poisoning with agricultural purpose, an increase in the number of cases of intentional animal poisoning (primarily referring to cats and dogs) has been detected in Serbia, and it is suspected that their number is significantly larger than the one shown by the official statistics data. Under the conditions prescribed by the Criminal Code of the Republic of Serbia, such activities may represent the crime of killing and torture of animals, but also the crime of causing a general danger. It would be impossible to conduct the procedure of discovering and proving these criminal offences and the responsibility of their perpetrators without findings and opinion of forensic veterinary-medicine experts. They play an important role when it comes to site inspection, crime scene processing, collecting the samples from the crime scene, processing of samples and autopsy and exhumation of a potentially poisoned animal body. Just like other evidence in criminal procedure, findings and opinion of experts of veterinary medicine are estimated in accordance with the principle of free assessment of evidence. However, due to the specificity of such cases of killing and torture of animals, their impact on court's decision on the existence of criminal offence and perpetrator's liability is crucial. In this paper, the authors discuss the scope of animal poisoning in Serbia, particularly in Belgrade, analyze possible criminal - legal consequences of these illegal activities and point out to a significant role that experts of veterinary medical profession have in discovering and proving such cases and the liability of their perpetrators.Pored odobrenih ili planiranih trovanja u poljoprivredne svrhe, u Srbiji je zabeležen porast slučajeva namernog, nezakonitog trovanja životinja (prvenstveno pasa i mačaka), a opravdano se sumnja da je taj broj znatno veći od onog koji pokazuju statistički podaci. Pod određenim uslovima propisanim Krivičnim zakonikom Republike Srbije takve radnje mogu da predstavljaju krivično delo ubijanja i zlostavljanja životinja, ali i krivično delo izazivanja opšte opasnosti. Postupak otkrivanja i dokazivanja ovih krivičnih dela i odgovornosti njihovih učinilaca ne bi bilo moguće sprovesti bez nalaza i mišljenja stručnjaka forenzičke veterinarske medicine. Oni imaju važnu ulogu u sprovođenju uviđaja, odnosno obrade mesta događaja, prikupljanja uzoraka sa mesta događaja, njihove obrade i analize, obdukcije i ekshumacije leša potencijalno otrovane životinje. Kao i ostali dokazi u krivičnom postupku, nalaz i mišljenje veštaka veterinarsko-medicinske struke se procenjuju u skladu sa načelom slobodne ocene dokaza. Međutim, zbog specifičnosti takvih slučajeva ubijanja i zlostavljanja životinja, u praksi je njihov uticaj na odluku suda o postojanju krivičnog dela i odgovornosti učinioca presudan. U radu autori razmatraju rasprostranjenost trovanja životinja u Srbiji, posebno u Beogradu, analiziraju moguće krivično-pravne posledice tih nezakonitih radnji i ukazuju na značajnu ulogu stručnjaka veterinarsko medicinske struke u otkrivanju i dokazivanju takvih slučajeva i odgovornosti njihovih učinilaca

Istraživanje polimorfizma gena za κ-kazein i beta-laktoglobulin u buše i holštajnfrizijske pasmine mliječnih krava u Srbiji

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of κ-casein (κ-CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) genotypes in the autochtonous (Busha) and dairy (Holstein-Friesian, HF) cattle breeds with PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism). For the amplification of κ-CN and β-Lg gene fragments specific primers were used. After digestion with specific endonucleases genotypes were determined for both genes in 18 Busha and 19 HF cows. The results showed that κ-CN gene was represented with the AA genotype in 31.58 % HF cows, AB in 52.63 % cows, whilst the genotype BB was found in 15.79 % cows only. Among the examined Busha cattle 44.44 % cows had AA genotype and 55.56 % genotype AB for κ CN. As for β-Lg gene in HF breed, AA genotype was found in 26.31 % cows, AB in 63.16 % and BB in 10.53 % cows. In Busha cows the following genotypes were established for β-Lg gene: AA in 44.44 % cows and AB in 55.56 %, whilst BB genotype was not found. These results indicate that Busha cows had a higher presence of A allelic forms of both genes (k-CN and β-lactoglobulin) than HF cows.Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi raspodjelu genotipova kapa-kazeina (κ-CN) i beta-laktoglobulina (β-Lg) u autohtonih (buša) i mliječnih (holstein, HF) pasmina goveda primjenom PCR-RFLP. Za amplifikaciju κ-CN i β-Lg fragmenata gena korištene su specifične oligonukleotidne početnice. Nakon digestije posebnim endonukleazama (Hinf I i Hae III) genotipovi su određeni za oba gena u 18 buša i 19 HF krava. Rezultati su pokazali da je κ-CN gen utvrđen genotipom AA u 31,58 % HF krava, AB u 52,63 % krava, dok je genotip BB utvrđen u samo 15,79 % krava. Od krava pasmine buša 44,44 % je imalo AA genotip i 55,56 % genotip AB za κ-CN. Što se tiče β-Lg gena u HF pasmine, AA genotip pronađen je u 26,31 % krava, AB u 63,16 % i BB u 10,53 % krava. U krava pasmine buša sljedeći genotipovi su utvrđeni za β-Lg gen: AA u 44,44 % i AB u 55,56 % krava, dok BB genotip nije utvrđen. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da je u krava pasmine buša veća prisutnost A alelne forme za oba ispitivana gena (za k-CN i β-laktoglobulin) nego kod HF krava

Synthesis and structural properties of sodium cobalt oxide

Sodium transition-metal oxides with general formula NaxTMO2 (TM = Co, Mn, Ni, etc.) have attracted a lot of interest in the battery community due to low cost of sodium in contrast to lithium. Sodium cobalt oxide is the most attractive of them for cathode application because of its conductive, thermic and magnetic characteristics. In this study, sodium cobalt oxide, NaxCoO2 , was synthesized by simple method which involves solid state reaction in air, at temperature of 900 ºC; starting materials were Na2CO3 and Co3O4 in stoichiometric amounts. Additionally, fluorination of the synthesized sodium cobalt oxide was carried out in vacuum at 200ºC; NH4HF2 was used as a fluorine source. Then, structural and microstructural properties of the obtained powders were examined

SolidWorks used for the process of optimization of supporting structure of a pressure vessel

According to the new regulations of the European Community (Directive 97/23/EC, design and manufacture of the pressure vessels (PV) shall be in accordance with legal and technical regulations stating the application of harmonized standards to be optional for a manufacturer of the equipment. Increased responsibility of the manufacturers gives more freedom in selection of the methods, design, calculation and optimization in order to provide safety. In this paper, using a liquid CO2-containing vessel as an example, a survey of the process of optimization of a supporting structure has been presented. For parametric design, construction and calculation the SolidWorks programme has been used, taking into consideration the regulations and standards in effect, and in accordance with new and general approach to pressure equipment (Pressure Equipment Directive – PED) relating to structural integrity, i.e. fundamental requirements in terms of safety, calculation, design and testing of strength