Developments of scientific and methodical competence of the teacher of pedagogical higher education institution of operating conditions of the educational cluster

In article the problem of development of scientific and methodical competence of the teacher of technical college of operating conditions of a regional and branch educational cluster is considered. The structure and the maintenance of the specified competence and functionality of its development is analyzed.Рассматривается проблема развития научно-методической компетентности преподавателя педагогического вуза в условиях функционирования регионально-отраслевого образовательного кластера. Анализируются структура и содержание указанной компетентности и функциональные возможности ее развития

Association of the rs2167270 polymorphism of the leptin gene (LEP) with the intensity of pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant social problem as it is the most common disease of the joints. OA is a multifactorial disease in which great attention is paid to hereditary factors. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the contribution of a number of genes to the subjective assessment of pain in OA, which is the main symptom of this disease. The association of P2X7, TRPV1 and TACR1 genes and some others with pain sensitivity has been shown. One of the risk factors of pain among many others, is the increased weight. Abdominal adipose tissue is a source of release of pro-inflammatory adipokines that cause systemic inflammation associated with damage to many tissues, including subchondral bone, synovial membrane. Leptin is an endogenous hormone from the adipokine family encoded by the obesity gene leptin (LEP) and which is synthesized primarily in adipocytes.Aims: To investigate the possible association of rs2167270 (A19G) polymorphism of the LEP gene with pain intensity in ­patients with knee OA.Materials and methods: The study was conducted among women diagnosed with OA. Using the VAS scale (Visual analog scale), patients with mild knee pain — group 1 (VAS ≤ 40 mm) and patients with moderate or severe pain — group 2 (VAS>40 mm) were selected for pain assessment. Genetic variants of A19G leptin gene polymorphism were studied by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length analysis (PCR-RFLP) method.Results: In the group of patients with moderate or severe pain intensity (group 2, n=61), a statistically significant association was shown with a higher body mass index (p=0.006) and an increased frequency of carriers of the 19GG genotype (p=0,051) compared to group 1 (n=36). Carriers of the 19GG genotype statistically significantly had a higher rate of knee pain and an early age of OA debut compared to carriers of the 19AA genotype (p=0,035 and p=0,015, respectively).Conclusions: The findings open up new possibilities for predicting pain symptoms in patients with knee OA by genetic testing of A19G polymorphic variants of the leptin gene

Мелоксикам в ревматологической практике: история применения в терапии боли

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to treat pain syndrome in acute and chronic diseases of various genesis, which are accompanied by pain and inflammation. However, the use of NSAIDs is partially limited by their adverse reactions (ARs), so great attention has been recently given to the safety of NSAIDs and to the elaboration of guidelines for their administration. Therapy with NSAIDs requires that a physician should be aware of not only the mechanism of their action, but also the possible ARs, as well as their risk factors and ways of correction. It is emphasized that NSAIDs should be prescribed in terms of the possible risk of complications in different organs and tissues. The review considers the gastrointestinal, renal, and cardiac safety of NSAIDs, such as the extensively used drug meloxicam in particular. Meloxicam is as effective as nonselective NSAIDs, but due to the primary inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, it has also a better safety profile: when it is used, there are rare gastrointestinal complications and a low cardiovascular risk that is chiefly represented by a vascular component, which makes possible to use it with caution in patients at cardiovascular risk. The results of numerous investigations show that meloxicam has a good efficacy/safety ratio and noticeable analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, which makes it the drug of choice for the treatment of a wide range of rheumatic diseases and acute and chronic diseases of the joint and spinal column. It is pointed out that there is a need for further clinical trials of the safety of meloxicam to specify individual mechanisms of its cardiotoxicity.Нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП) широко используются для лечения болевого синдрома при острых и хронических заболеваниях разного генеза, сопровождающихся болью и воспалением. Однако использование НПВП отчасти ограничивается вызываемыми ими нежелательными реакциями (НР), поэтому в последние годы большое внимание уделяется проблеме безопасности НПВП и разработке рекомендаций по их использованию. Терапия НПВП требует от врача знания не только механизма их действия, но и возможных НР, а также факторов их риска и путей коррекции. Подчеркивается, что НПВП следует назначать с учетом возможного риска осложнений со стороны различных органов и тканей. В обзоре рассматриваются проблемы желудочно-кишечной, почечной и кардиобезопасности НПВП, в частности такого широко применяемого препарата, как мелоксикам. Мелоксикам не уступает по эффективности неселективным НПВП, а благодаря преимущественному ингибированию циклооксигеназы 2 обладает еще и лучшим профилем безопасности: при его приеме реже встречаются желудочно-кишечные осложнения и отмечается невысокий риск сердечно-сосудистых нарушений, представленный главным образом сосудистым компонентом, что делает возможным осторожное использование его у больных с наличием кардиоваскулярного риска. Результаты многочисленных исследований показывают, что мелоксикам обладает хорошим соотношением эффективности и безопасности, заметным анальгетическим и противовоспалительным эффектом, что делает его препаратом выбора при лечении широкого круга ревматических болезней, острых и хронических заболеваний суставов и позвоночника. Отмечено, что необходимы дальнейшие клинические исследования безопасности мелоксикама для уточнения отдельных механизмов его кардиотоксичности

PERSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEACH CARRIED OUT WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ACTIVITY OF COMMISSION FOR THE PROBLEM “CHOLERA AND HUMAN PATHOGENIC VIBRIOS” OF THE COORDINATION SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL ON SANITARY/EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROTECTION OF THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Te scientific thematics of all the Anti-Plague institutes, fulfilled within the framework of activity of Commission for the problem “Cholera and human pathogenic vibrios” of the Coordination Scientific Council on sanitary-epidemiological protection of the territory of the Russian Federation, has been adjusted with the aim to enhance effectiveness and practical significance as well as to optimize the time frames and comprehensiveness of research works. In the result, to exclude topic duplication, a decision has been taken about integrated interinstitute development of the most currently actual priority directions of investigations on the problem “Cholera and human pathogenic vibrios”

Геохимия льдов бугров пучения в долине р. Сенца (Окинское плоскогорье, Восточный Саян)

Te authors examined the chemical composition of underground ice sampled from the frost mounds located in the loose (unconsolidated) sediments of the Sentsa River valley (Oka plateau, Eastern Sayan) with the purpose of reconstruction the formation history of these cryogenic creations. Numerous frost mounds of various sizes are mainly composed of alternating icy loams, sandy loams, and lenses of pure ice. Samples of underground ice taken in the outcrops of the river ledges and cores from wells together with samples of river and lake waters were analyzed by traditional hydrochemical techniques (methods) in the center "Geodynamics and geochronology" (Institute of the Earth's Crust of the Siberian branch of RAS, Irkutsk). It was found that the chemical composition of pure ice melts from lenses and layers of the frost mounds is hydrocarbonate calcium (HCO3 Ca, SO4-HCO3 Ca and NH4-HCO3 Ca) with mineralization of 6.5 – 15.6 mg/L, pH = 5.6÷6.1. Mineralization of melts of texture-forming ice, taken from icy ground (i.e. with fractions of enclosing loams) was much higher – from 50 to 792.5 mg/L. River and lake water is ultra-fresh with 99–132 mg/L salinity, and according to geochemical type it is hydrocarbonate calcium (HCO3 Ca). Te specifc features of chemical composition of the underground ice (high content of ammonium salts and sulfates) depend on a water-rock interaction, the presence of organic matter in the loose (unconsolidated) sediments and a repeated volcanic activity in the late Pleistocene–Holocene. Te frost mounds are confned to a lacustrine sediments area in the backwater zone that was formed by the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine. Teir formation in the Holocene took place as a result of segregational ice formation during freezing of water-saturated lake sediments, and, presumably, repeated injections of underground waters of the under-channel and floodplain aquifers hydraulically connected with river waters. Tus, the genesis of the studied frost mounds is probably a mixed segregation-injection process.Многочисленные бугры пучения в долине р. Сенца на Окинском плоскогорье в Восточных Саянах сложены переслаивающимися льдистыми суглинками, супесями и линзами чистого льда. Установлено, что расплавы текстурообразующих льдов ультрапресные и пресные, по химическому составу – гидрокарбонатные, сульфатно-гидрокарбонатные и аммонийно-гидрокарбонатные кальциевые. Специфика химического состава подземных льдов обусловлена взаимодействием в системе вода – порода, наличием органики в рыхлых отложениях и неоднократной активизацией вулканизма в позднем плейстоцене–голоцене

THE STUDY OF DIAGNOSTIC POTENTIAL OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC TO THE MEMBRANE PROTEIN OF CHOLERA AGENT IN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOASSAY

Objective of the study was to develop peroxidase conjugate on the base of monoclonal antibodies (MCA) H2F6 and to study the possibility of its application for the detection of tcp+ Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 strains using direct ELISA methods.Materials and methods. Utilized for the investigation was the hybrid H2F6 clone, which synthesized monoclonal antibodies specific to the outer membrane protein of cholera vibrio into culture medium.Results and conclusions. Peroxidase conjugate was designed on the base of MCA which allows for the detection of tcp+ V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains in direct solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and dot-ELISA. The preparation was tested on a group of strains of V. cholerae and heterologous microorganisms and showed specificity in relation to V. cholerae O1 and O139. Monoclonal peroxidase conjugate H2F6 can be used for the detection of epidemically significant V. cholerae O1/O139 strains by means of immune-enzyme methods

The Role of Vesicles in Transporting of Cholera Toxin

The review reports on the secretion pathways of the main virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin, both through the two-stage Sec-dependent type 2 secretion system and with the help of vesicles of the outer membrane of V. cholerae. The ways of toxin transfer into the host organism, depending on its form, are discussed. The well-studied free soluble cholera toxin is secreted extracellularly and transmitted in a GM1-dependent manner through cholesterolrich lipid rafts. The transfer of cholera toxin associated with vesicles has advantages over free toxin, because substances inside the outer membrane vesicles are protected from external proteases and host antibodies by the membrane that forms the vesicle. Vesicular transporting of cholera toxin into the target cell occurs via clathrin-dependent, caveolin-dependent and lipid raft-dependent endocytosis. The specific transport route is determined by the structure of the vesicles. Clathrindependent endocytosis is described for V. cholerae strains cultivated at low osmolarity of the medium, whose outer membrane vesicles contain the cholera toxin subunit A inside. Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis is characteristic of vesicles in which cholera toxin is located on the surface. In addition, endocytosis of V. cholerae outer membrane vesicles through structures known as caveolae is presented

Effect of Yb3+ doping level on the structure and spectroscopic properties of ZnO optical ceramics

This work was partly supported by the RFBR (Grant 19-03-00855).Zinc oxide optical ceramics with hexagonal structure doped with 0.6 –5.0 wt% Yb were fabricated by uniaxial hot pressing of commercial oxide powders at 1180 °C in vacuum. The ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, EDX, X-ray and optical spectroscopy. It is shown that Yb3+ ions are distributed between C-type Yb2O3 sesquioxide crystals and ZnO grain boundaries. The Yb3+ doping of ZnO ceramics enhances the near-band-edge emission of zinc oxide. ZnO:Yb optical ceramics are promising for optoelectronic applications. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.RFBR (Grant 19-03-00855); The Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (Latvia), as the Centre of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2

EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF DRUG THERAPY FOR OBESITY ON THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OVERWEIGHT WOMEN

Objective: to evaluate the impact of orlistat therapy on the clinical manifestations of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in obese patients.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 50 women aged 45–65 years with Kellgren–Lawrence Stages II–III knee OA and obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2] who were randomized into 2 groups: 1) 25 patients who took Orlistat in a dose of 120 mg (one capsule) thrice daily for 6 months in conjunction with a low-calorie diet and exercise; 2) 25 patients who received only non-drug therapy for obesity (a low-calorie diet and exercise). The investigators assessed anthropometric measures, WOMAC index, and health status using a visual analogue scale.Results and discussion. After 6 months, group 1 had more marked weight loss than group 2: 10.0% (mean 10.5 kg) and 0.8% (mean 1 kg) respectively. Orlistat also provided more pronounced reduction of WOMAC pain scores, functional insufficiency and WOMAC index than non-pharmacological therapy (by 52.2% and 28.8%, р ≤ 0.05, by 51 and 18%, р ≤ 0.05 and by 51 and 19%, p = 0.006 respectively). Moreover, group 1 showed significant improvement of quality of life as compared to group 2 (p < 0.001). The tolerability of Orlistat was good; only two patients reported diarrhea due to dietary errors (fat intake), which required no drug discontinuation.Conclusion. The investigation has demonstrated that body weight loss provided by appropriate medications leads to the regress of clinical manifestations of knee OA in obese patients: pain relief and functional improvement. So drugs contributing to weight los, should be incorporated into treatment regimens for patients with OA and obesity