Future Perspectives of the Implementation of EU Urban Agenda

This article is an overview of opinions and recommendations adopted in the European Union vis-à-vis urban policy. The author analyses the Pact of Amsterdam and future perspectives of the implementation of EU Urban Agenda

Managers' Perceptions of the Impact of Cultural Differences on the Process of Internationalization of Polish Companies

A large sector of researchers in the International Business field, along with those in other fields (such as International Marketing and International Management), have dedicated themselves to research involving the reliability, applicability and generalizability of the psychic distance phenomenon.This construct has an influence on theinternationalization of companies. The aim of the article is to present qualitative research results on managers’ perceptions of the importance of one of the psychic distance stimuli, namely cultural differences,in the process of internationalization of companies. In the theoretical section of the article, the definition and operationalization of psychic distance and different stimuli of this construct are described.Particular consideration is dedicated tocultural differences. The second part of the article focuseson the research background.In the third part of the article, the importance of the differences in culture in the process ofinternationalization isevaluated. The article presents the respondents’ opinions on the significance of cultural values and practices, differences in religion and differences in languages in managers’ decisions on internationalization. The authorsfocus on the impact of cultural differences on the choice of directions of foreign expansion, market entry strategies, the amount of foreign expansion markets, the pace of internationalization as well as the value of sales and capital engagement abroad

COVID-19 in pregnancy, management and outcomes among pregnant women and neonates — results from tertiary care center in Wroclaw

Objectives: A novel coronavirus — SARS CoV-2 — outbreak has, for sure, been the greatest medical challenge in recent years. The maternal and neonatal consequences of the infection are still largely unknown. Material and methods: This prospective study aims to describe the perinatal care and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women and their newborn infants during the third wave of the pandemic, in a large tertiary university center in Wroclaw/Poland from 15 February to 1 May 2021. Results: The paper describes a group of 83 women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during delivery, as well as their newborn infants (n = 84). The course of COVID-19 disease in pregnant patients was mostly asymptomatic (56%) but 31% women manifested mild to moderate symptoms and 14% had severe infection. The median gestational age at the delivery was 38 weeks. On average, 16.7% of mothers were separated from their newborns at birth, 83.3% practiced skin-to-skin, and roomed in with their babies, and 84.5% of the infants received any mother’s milk.  Preterm infants were more often borne by mothers with symptomatic course of COVID-19 infection. Need for neonatal treatment was only due to prematurity. Neonates with acquired infection (after 14th day of life) had to be treated symptomatically with fever and loose stools, only 28.5% had symptoms of respiratory failure. Conclusions:  Despite the confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the majority of mother- infant dyads were in a good health condition. The data on perinatal care reported in the paper could be helpful contribution supporting childbirth physiology protection during the COVID-19 pandemic

Debating the urban dimension of territorial cohesion

The Territorial Cohesion goal was only included in the EU Treaty by 2009, with a view to promote a more balanced and harmonious European territory. One year earlier (2008), the European Commission (EC) published the ‘Green Paper on Territorial Cohesion—Turning territorial diversity into strength’. Neither one, nor the other, clearly defines the meaning of the Territorial Cohesion concept. The later, however, proposes three main policy responses towards more balanced and harmonious development: (i) Concentration: overcoming differences in density; (ii) Connecting territories: overcoming distance; and (iii) Cooperation: overcoming division. Although not explicitly, this document identifies several ‘urban questions’ to be dealt when promoting territorial cohesive policies: avoiding diseconomies of very large agglomerations and urban sprawl processes, combating urban decay and social exclusion, avoiding excessive concentrations of growth, promoting access to integrated transport systems and creating metropolitan bodies. In this light, this chapter proposes to debate the importance of the urban dimension to achieve the goal of territorial cohesion at several territorial levels.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Monopoly-characteristics of the phenomenon. Analysis of transaction repurchase of T-Mobile USA by AT&T

Artykuł poświęcony jest zjawisku monopolu w ujęciu teoretycznym, jak i na przykładzie analizy transakcji wykupienia T-Mobile USA przez AT&T. W pracy dokonano analizy czynników wpływających na zablokowanie tej transakcji przez Federalną Agencje ds. Komunikacji. Zostały zaprezentowane poglądy ekonomistów na potencjalne konsekwencje fuzji oraz argumentacja podmiotu występującego o jej zatwierdzenie. Przedstawiona analiza ukazuje wieloaspektowość konsekwencji tego typu transakcji w kontekście rozwoju innowacyjności na rynku telekomunikacyjnym.Article is dedicated to the issue of monopoly, both in theory, as well as practice based on the example of a takeover of T-Mobile US by AT&T. It also contains the analysis of the factors which had influence on putting the transaction on hold by the Federal Communications Commission. The paper presents potential consequences of the acquisition according to the economists, together with the reasoning of the entity applying for the approval of the transaction. The analysis shows the multidimensional consequences of this type of transaction on development of innovation in the telecommunications market.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00

The role of emotional intelligence in managing an organization

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie znaczenia inteligencji emocjonalnej w zarządzaniu. Przeprowadzone badania miały za zadanie odpowiedzieć na pytanie: czy pracownicy na wyższych stanowiskach mają lepiej rozwiniętą inteligencję emocjonalną? Wyniki badań pokazują, że nie zachodzi taka zależność. Narzędziem służącym do przeprowadzenia badań był kwestionariusz składający się z 4 testów opracowanych przez wykształconego psychologa i autora seminariów na temat rozwoju osobistego i wspierania osobowości - Mariona M. Sehra.The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of emotional intelligence in management. The research was conducted to answer the question: do employees in higher positions have better developed emotional intelligence? The results show that there is no such relationship. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of 4 tests developed by an educated psychologist and the author of seminars on self-development and personality support - Marion M. Sehr

Overcurrent Protections in MV Grid with Local Energy Sources

The article presents typical methods of connecting various types of local power sources to a medium voltage network. Describes the advantages and disadvantages of individual solutions. The authors focus particularly on the issues of power system protection, with particular emphasis on overcurrent protection (ANSI 50 and 67). The key part of the article is the presentation of the selection methodology, along with examples, of setting this type of protection for a frequently encountered case - connecting local energy sources with busbars with a line with receipts

Release studies of undecylenoyl phenylalanine from topical formulations

The aim of this study was to characterize the stability of new vehicles for the undecylenoyl phenylalanine that is used as skin-lightening agent in the melasma treatment. The purpose of this research was also to analyse the release kinetics of phenylalanine derivative from topical preparations through different synthetic membranes. Topical formulations such as two different macroemulsions, hydrogels (based on carbomer and hydroxyethylcellulose) and microemulsions were characterized in terms of stability by laser diffraction method. Additionally, multiple light scattering assessed the stability of macroemulsions. The release rates of active substance through different membranes (such as Cuprophan, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate and Strat-M) were determined using enhancer cell. In order to explain the mechanism of release process the results were fitted with different kinetic models. New stable vehicles for Ude-Phe were successfully obtained. The results proved that the membrane structure had the influence on the release rate of undecylenoyl phenylalanine. The slowest release rate of Ude-Phe was observed when Strat-M membrane was applied. The highest amount of active substance was released from the hydrogel based on carbomer. The release of undecylenoyl phenylalanine from both macroemulsions and hydrogel based on hydroxyethylcellulose followed the Higuchi model. Whereas the release results of Ude-Phe from both microemulsion-based hydrogels and carbomer hydrogel can be described by using Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Hydrogels and microemulsion-based hydrogels could be recommended as proper vehicles for the derivative of phenylalanine. Keywords: Semi-solid formulations, Release studies, Synthetic membranes, Stability, Amino acid derivativ

Overcurrent Protections in MV Grid with Local Energy Sources

The article presents typical methods of connecting various types of local power sources to a medium voltage network. Describes the advantages and disadvantages of individual solutions. The authors focus particularly on the issues of power system protection, with particular emphasis on overcurrent protection (ANSI 50 and 67). The key part of the article is the presentation of the selection methodology, along with examples, of setting this type of protection for a frequently encountered case - connecting local energy sources with busbars with a line with receipts