21 research outputs found
Thermodynamically controlled crystallization of glucose pentaacetates from amorphous phase
The α and β glucose pentaacetates are known sugar derivatives, which can be potentially used as stabilizers of amorphous phase of active ingredients of drugs (API). In the present work, crystallization behavior of equimolar mixture of α and β form in comparison to both pure anomers is revealed. It was shown that despite the same molecular interactions and similar molecular dynamics, crystallization from amorphous phase is significantly suppressed in equimolar mixture. Time dependent X-ray diffraction studies confirmed higher stability of the quenched amorphous equimolar mixture. Its tendency to crystallization is about 10 times lower than for pure anomers. Calorimetric studies revealed that the α and β anomers don't form solid solutions and have eutectic point for xα = 0.625. Suppressed crystallization tendency in the mixture is probably caused by the altered thermodynamics of the system. The factors such as difference of free energy between crystalline and amorphous state or altered configurational entropy are probably responsible for the inhibitory effect
Effect of changing P/Ge and Mn/Fe ratios on the magnetocaloric effect and structural transition in the (Mn,Fe)2 (P,Ge) intermetallic compounds
The magnetocaloric effect in the MnxFe2-xP1-yGey intermetallic compounds with the amount of Mn in the range of x = 1.05 to 1.17 and amount of Ge in the range of y = 0.19 to 0.22 has been studied. It was found that a higher Ge/P ratio causes an increase in Curie temperature, magnetocaloric effect at low field (up to 1 T), activation energy of structural transition and a decrease in thermal hysteresis, as well as transition enthalpy. Contrary to this observation, higher Mn/Fe ratio causes a decrease in Curie temperature, slight decrease of magnetocaloric effect at low magnetic field, and an increase in thermal hysteresis. Simultaneous increase of both ratios may be very advantageous, as the thermal hysteresis can be lowered and magnetocaloric effect can be enhanced without changing the Curie temperature. Some hints about optimization of the composition for applications at low magnetic fields (0.5 T to 2 T) have been presented
Structure and magnetic properties of thermodynamically predicted rapidly quenched Fe85-xCuxB15 alloys
In this work, based on the thermodynamic prediction, the comprehensive studies of the
influence of Cu for Fe substitution on the crystal structure and magnetic properties of the rapidly
quenched Fe85B15 alloy in the ribbon form are performed. Using thermodynamic calculations, the
parabolic shape dependence of the DGamoprh with a minimum value at 0.6% of Cu was predicted.
The DGamoprh from the Cu content dependence shape is also asymmetric, and, for Cu = 0% and
Cu = 1.5%, the same DGamoprh value is observed. The heat treatment optimization process of all alloys
showed that the least lossy (with a minimum value of core power losses) is the nanocomposite state
of nanocrystals immersed in an amorphous matrix obtained by annealing in the temperature range
of 300–330 C for 20 min. The minimum value of core power losses P10/50 (core power losses at
1T@50Hz) of optimally annealed Fe85-xCuxB15 x = 0,0.6,1.2% alloys come from completely different
crystallization states of nanocomposite materials, but it strongly correlates with Cu content and, thus,
a number of nucleation sites. The TEM observations showed that, for the Cu-free alloy, the least lossy
crystal structure is related to 2–3 nm short-ordered clusters; for the Cu = 0.6% alloy, only the limited
value of several -Fe nanograins are found, while for the Cu-rich alloy with Cu = 1.2%, the average
diameter of nanograins is about 26 nm, and they are randomly distributed in the amorphous matrix.
The only high number of nucleation sites in the Cu = 1.2% alloy allows for a sufficient level of grains’
coarsening of the -Fe phase that strongly enhances the ferromagnetic exchange between the -Fe
nanocrystals, which is clearly seen with the increasing value of saturation induction up to 1.7T. The
air-annealing process tested on studied alloys for optimal annealing conditions proves the possibility
of its use for this type of material
Influence of copper addition and heat treatment parameters on nanocrystallization process of Fe-Co-Mo-B-Si amorphous ribbons with high saturation magnetization about 1.6 T
In this paper the influence of copper addition on the formation of the amorphous phase and the nanocrystallization
process of Fe79.8−xCo2CuxMo0.2Si4B14 (x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2) ribbons was described. The
formation of crystalline phases was described using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry,
Mössbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was confirmed that the addition of copper
decreases the glass forming ability, while facilitating the process of nanocrystallization. The analysis of the
Avrami exponent allowed to state, that for fully amorphous alloys the crystallization of the α-Fe phase is associated
with diffusion-controlled growth with decreasing nucleation rate and the Fe2B phase with interface
controlled growth with increasing nucleation rate. Additionally, with increasing copper addition onset temperature
of crystallization of α-Fe phase shifts to lower values, whereas for second, Fe2B phase, these changes are
not so visible. Optimization of the annealing process of toroidal cores made from amorphous ribbons with
different copper content allowed to obtain nanocrystalline, soft magnetic materials characterized by low coercivity
~9 A/m and high saturation induction of about 1.6 T. Analysis of transmission electron microscope images
and electron diffraction confirmed that high magnetic parameters are related to the coexistence of the amorphous
and nanocrystalline phases, which was confirmed also by Mössbauer spectroscopy
Influence of magnetite nanoparticles shape and spontaneous surface oxidation on the electron transport mechanism
The spontaneous oxidation of a magnetite surface and shape design are major aspects
of synthesizing various nanostructures with unique magnetic and electrical properties, catalytic
activity, and biocompatibility. In this article, the roles of different organic modifiers on the shape and
formation of an oxidized layer composed of maghemite were discussed and described in the context
of magnetic and electrical properties. It was confirmed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized in the
presence of triphenylphosphine could be characterized by cuboidal shape, a relatively low average
particle size (9.6 2.0 nm), and high saturation magnetization equal to 55.2 emu/g. Furthermore, it
has been confirmed that low-frequency conductivity and dielectric properties are related to surface
disordering and oxidation. The electric energy storage possibility increased for nanoparticles with a
disordered and oxidized surface, whereas the dielectric losses in these particles were strongly related
to their size. The cuboidal magnetite nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of triphenylphosphine
had an ultrahigh electrical conductivity (1.02 104 S/cm at 10 Hz) in comparison to the spherical
ones. At higher temperatures, the maghemite content altered the behavior of electrons. The electrical
conductivity can be described by correlated barrier hopping or overlapping large polaron tunneling.
Interestingly, the activation energies of electrons transport by the surface were similar for all the
analyzed nanoparticles in low- and high-temperature ranges
Comparison of Physicochemical, Mechanical, and (Micro-)Biological Properties of Sintered Scaffolds Based on Natural- and Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Supplemented with Selected Dopants
The specific combinations of materials and dopants presented in this work have not been previously described. The main goal of the presented work was to prepare and compare the different properties of newly developed composite materials manufactured by sintering. The synthetic-(SHAP) or natural- (NHAP) hydroxyapatite serves as a matrix and was doped with: (i) organic: multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), fullerenes C60, (ii) inorganic: Cu nanowires. Research undertaken was aimed at seeking novel candidates for bone replacement biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite—the main inorganic component of bone, because bone reconstructive surgery is currently mostly carried out with the use of autografts; titanium or other non-hydroxyapatite -based materials. The physicomechanical properties of the developed biomaterials were tested by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dielectric Spectroscopy (BSD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), as well as microhardness using Vickers method. The results showed that despite obtaining porous sinters. The highest microhardness was achieved for composite materials based on NHAP. Based on NMR spectroscopy, residue organic substances could be observed in NHAP composites, probably due to the organic structures that make up the tooth. Microbiology investigations showed that the selected samples exhibit bacteriostatic properties against Gram-positive reference bacterial strain S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228); however, the property was much less pronounced against Gram-negative reference strain E. coli (ATCC 25922). Both NHAP and SHAP, as well as their doped derivates, displayed in good general compatibility, with the exception of Cu-nanowire doped derivates
Optimization of metallic glasses for additive technologies. The role of entropy and enthalpy in formation of amorphous structure
PING 2019 is organized with the support of funds for specific university research project SVK1-2019-002.Until now, many different methods of amorphous alloys design were proposed.
Generally, they are associated with the trial and error approach. In this group of
methods, the influence of different chemical elements on the glass forming ability can
be determined empirically based on the results of the analysis of many different
alloying systems. However, this approach is time-consuming and cannot be
implemented in the industry.
Recently, due to the development of additive technologies, new alloying systems with
high glass forming ability are sought. The usage of common alloys systems is
significantly limited. Therefore, a new approach to determining the optimal chemical
composition, which also can be used to describe the crystallization (especially
nanocrystallization) process is required. According to that, the thermodynamic
approach for alloy design was introduced and described in this work. The analysis of
different parameters, such as configurational entropy, mismatch entropy, mixing
enthalpy and enthalpy formation of intermetallic phases can be successfully used to
determine the optimal chemical composition of alloys with high glass forming ability.
Moreover, the proposed approach can be used to understand the crystallization process
from the melt, amorphous phase, nanocrystallization process and influence of chemical
elements on the glass forming ability in many alloying systems. In this work results of
the analysis performed for different Fe-based alloys are presented. Determined
influence of chemical elements, such as: copper, cobalt, silicon on the glass forming
ability on the basis of the analysis of thermodynamic parameters is related to the
changes in the entropy and enthalpy
Magnetic Properties and Stability of Magnetically Soft Nanomaterials for High-Temperature Applications
score: 0collation: 747-75
The structure and magnetic properties of rapidly quenched Fe72Ni8Nb4Si2B14 alloy
PING 2019 is organized with the support of funds for specific university research project SVK1-2019-002.In this work, the influence of heat treatment process on structure and magnetic
properties for rapidly quenched Fe72Ni8Nb4Si2B14 alloy are reported. Firstly, for
amorphous ribbons the onsets of crystallization process for bcc-Fe type phase (primary
crystallization) and bct-Fe3B type phase (secondary crystallization) are defined by
thermal analysis using heating rate of 10°C/min. Then basing on measured values the
classical heat treatment process (with heating rate 10°C/min) in vacuum for wound
toroidal cores is optimized to obtain best soft magnetic properties (B(H) dependencies
and magnetic core loss Ps) at frequency 50 Hz. For heat treated samples the X-ray
diffraction method is used to determine the unit cell parameters of bcc-Fe type
nanocrystallites as well as their average crystallite size. Therefore, for optimal heat
treated sample the complex magnetic permeability in the frequencies 106 -109 Hz for
temperature range from -50°C to 100°C is measured and in the frequencies 104 -108
Hz at room temperature