Investigación en salud con seres humanos. De la idea disparadora al planteamiento del problema

This article focus on the construction of the approach to the problem in the research about human health. The main objective is to describe the actions researchers must do for the construction of a problem statement. The paper offers a general panorama about the theoretical aspects of scientifical knowledge. However, its interest remains in illustrate guidelines for the elaboration of an interrogation in human health researches.El documento aborda el tema de la construcción del planteamiento del problema en la investigación en salud con seres humanos. El objetivo central es señalar las acciones que las personas investigadoras requieren llevar a cabo para la construcción de una pregunta de investigación. El trabajo ofrece un panorama general de los aspectos teóricos del conocimiento científico. No obstante, su interés se centra en ejemplificar pautas para la elaboración de una interrogante de investigación en salud con seres humanos

Importance of operational management to achieve sustaintability in a smb

This paper shows a study we made to benefit small companies in general, it based in the problems that a SMB had in the last years (CIEM). We examine the problems or situations that have played a big role in CIEM’s decrease in production and try to provide solutions for each of the problems and provide a general solution for the enterprise that could help to increase its profit, hoping these also help many other small companies going through the same kind of problems

El derecho humano a una buena administración pública en México y Colombia

The human right to a good public administration begins to be seen as a possibility for international discussion and debate, thanks to the express recognition of it, made by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, issued in 2000, in its article 41 ; but it cannot be ignored that the States have previously dealt with this issue, although many times tacitly, by guaranteeing a series of rights that result in talking about it as human, and therefore, fundamental within their legal systems; for which it is intended with the development of this article, analyze the human right to a good public administration within the Mexican and Colombian legal systems, this being a documentary legal investigation, with a qualitative approach, through which it is intended, in an explanatory way, the analysis of this right in the two legal systems under study.With this investigation, it is possible to understand that both legal systems establish principles that govern the actions of public officials; but these are developed differently, and are contemplated in different norms, of national character for the Colombian case, and in norms of federal and state nature for the Mexican case. In spite of this, it should be noted that even more effective actions by both States are required, in order to recognize more clearly the right to a good public administration, as fundamental or human; and to determine in a more effective way its concept and its application, in order to avoid confusion.  El derecho humano a una buena administración pública se empieza a contemplar como una posibilidad de discusión y debate internacional, gracias al reconocimiento expreso que hizo de esté la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea, expedida en el año 2000, en su artículo 41; pero no se puede desconocer que los Estados con anterioridad han tratado este tema aunque ocultamente o mejor dicho tácitamente, al garantizar una serie de derechos que dan como resultado que se pueda hablar de este derecho como humano y por ende fundamental al interior de sus ordenamientos jurídicos, tal es el caso de México y Colombia. &nbsp

Prevalencia de Ansiedad y Depresión por COVID-19 en el Personal de Enfermería

Introducción. El personal de enfermería que labora en el segundo nivel de atención enfrenta diariamente situaciones que pueden afectar su salud mental como la depresión y la ansiedad. Algunos de los factores que incrementan la incidencia de estos son: el aumento de casos de COVID-19 y la saturación de los servicios sanitarios. Objetivo. Medir la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión por COVID-19 en el personal de enfermería, de un hospital de segundo nivel de atención. Metodología. Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño  descriptivo y corte transversal. Mediante un muestreo estadístico por fórmula, se aplicó la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg (EADG) a 45 integrantes del personal de enfermería; fueron considerados los principios bioéticos en los participantes que aceptaron firmar la carta de consentimiento informado. Resultados. La media de edad fue de 33.67 años y el 62% presenta la ansiedad y con respecto a la variable depresión, no se presentó; sin embargo, se manifiestó un riesgo del 20% de los participantes de presentar síntomas de depresión, entre los que se identificaron: dificultad para concentrarse, pérdida de apetito, sentirse aletargado y despertar demasiado temprano. Conclusiones. Abordar la salud mental en el personal de enfermería es de sumo interés, dado que la presencia de estos padecimientos puede afectar desde la salud del trabajador, hasta la atención y el cuidado que se les brinda a los pacientes.   Introduction. Nursing staff working in the second level of hospital care face daily situations that can affect their mental health, leading to conditions such as depression and anxiety. Some of the factors that increase the incidence of these are: the increase in cases of COVID-19, little certainty in the information on the treatment and care of this disease, the saturation of health services, shortage of supplies, lack of assistance personnel, long working hours, and the mortality rate of the population. Objective. To measure the prevalence of anxiety and depression due to COVID-19 in the nursing staff of a second-level care hospital in the state of Querétaro, in order to obtain information that allows, subsequently, to create strategies for the care of nursing staff. Methodology. A study of quantitative approach, descriptive level and cross section was carried out. A statistical sampling by formula defined the sample of 45 members of the nursing staff; Data collection was used by Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (EADG) with 18 items with dichotomous response. Bioethical principles were considered and participants were asked to accept the signing of the informed consent letter. Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis of information by means of averages. Results. The mean age was 33.67 years and in terms of the prevalence of anxiety, is present in 62% of the sample and with respect to the variable depression, there is no presence of this; however, there is a risk of 20% of the sample to have symptoms of depression, among which were identified: difficulty concentrating, loss of appetite, feeling elongated and waking up too early. Conclusions. Addressing mental health in nursing staff is of great interest, as the presence of these conditions can affect from the health of the worker to the care and care provided to patients

Evaluación de competencias de egreso de los ingenieros para la sociedad 5.0 basado en acreditaciones nacionales e internacionales

An approach to assess competencies required by an engineer who will develop professionally within Society 5.0 is discussed. The approach focuses on the process of teaching, measurement, evaluation, and skills improvement across the curriculum, harmonized with criteria defined by leading engineering accrediting organizations (ABET, at an international level, CONAIC and CACEI in Mexico). Approach robustness has: (1) allowed obtaining different types of program accreditations (ABET accreditation, without deficiencies or weaknesses, twice in a row), and (2) guided the evolution of the assessment process over time, starting from simple evaluation schemes, all the way to the use of a Learning Management System (Canvas), in a straightforward manner. The historical evaluation process, its status, and proposals for short-term improvement are presented. Three different institutional initiatives are also included since they reinforce and evaluate the graduation skills of the engineering students to face the challenges presented by Society 5.0

Microwave-assisted sol-gel synthesis of an Au-TiO2 photoanode for the advanced oxidation of paracetamol as model pharmaceutical pollutant

An Au-TiO2 photoanode on carbon cloth has been synthesized by microwave-assisted sol-gel method to treat paracetamol solutions at pH 3.0 by photocatalysis (PC), electro-oxidation (EO), photoelectrocatalysis with UVA light (PEC), solar PEC (SPEC) and hybrid methods with photoelectro-Fenton under UVA (PEC+PEF) and sunlight (SPEC+SPEF) irradiation at constant anodic potential (Ean). The photoanode has been characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, HRTEM and SEM-EDS. The counter electrode was a 316L stainless steel plate, which was replaced by an air-diffusion electrode for H2O2 generation in hybrid treatments. The most powerful process was SPEC+SPEF, yielding total paracetamol removal in less than 30 min and 24% mineralization after 180 min, at Ean = +0.82 V. The paracetamol decay followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics in PEC. A lower rate constant was obtained upon increase of pharmaceutical concentration, showing good linear fit using a Langmuir-Hinshelwood model

TiO2/Au/TiO2 multilayer thin-film photoanodes synthesized by pulsed laser deposition for photoelectrochemical degradation of organic pollutants

Most commonly employed anodes for photoelectrochemical degradation of organic contaminants in water are too thick, resulting in a low degradation efficiency due to the excessive electron-hole recombination. Multilayer-type TiO 2 /Au/TiO 2 nanocomposites have been prepared as photoanode thin films by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The films were composed of six TiO 2 and five Au alternate layers, with total thickness of about 212 nm, aimed to optimize the absorption of photons and minimize the recombination. The influence of gold on the optical, structural, and chemical properties of the semiconductor nanocomposites was investigated. The band gap determined from Tauc model was 3.22 eV, close to that obtained by spectroscopic ellipsometry and lower than that of the TiO 2 film, revealing an enhancement of visible light absorption. The catalytic performance of PLD films was evaluated by using them as anodes in electro-oxidation (EO) and photoanodes in photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) to degrade 39-157 mg L ⁻¹ paracetamol in sulfate medium. The drug removal was very slow in EO, due to the low ability to form [rad] OH on the anode surface, which was significantly enhanced upon UVA irradiation in PEC. The presence of Cl ⁻ allowed a faster degradation by produced active chlorine. Finally, a hybrid process involving PEC + photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) with an air-diffusion cathode yielded total paracetamol decay in 4-5 min at an anodic potential of +4.0 V because of the efficient [rad] OH generation from Fenton's and photo-Fenton reactions. Hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone and hydroxylated products were detected during EO and PEC. The generation of active chlorine was confirmed by identifying a chlorinated derivative, N-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, in PEC + PEF treatment