Educational Costs of Residents in a Teaching Hospital: a case study

Background & Objectives: Residents spend much of their time at the hospitals to earn their required educational skills and although they act as a kind of human resource in the hospital, they increase hospital costs. The present study was designed to calculate the share of educational costs of different medical residents in hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive and applied study performed in one of the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, the hospital cost items of education of residents in different medical fields during the academic year of 2017-2018 were identified by use of two scenarios. Results: In short, mean educational cost of one resident in the studied academic year was about 5357$based on the first scenario and about 5404$ according to the second scenario. Based on both scenarios, salaries paid to residents accounted for more than 50% of the costs followed by the cost of consumed materials by residents. Forensic Medicine and Anesthesiology residency programs had respectively the lowest and highest share of costs in both scenarios. Conclusion: The cost of training in the hospital is different among residency fields based on the required tests and errors in each field. But, in order to save hospital costs, the culture of optimal use of materials as well as medical equipment should be taught to residents. Key­words: Education Economics, Costing, Direct Costs, Residents, Teaching hospital ­Citation: Aleboyeh MR, Reza pour A, Meshkani Z, Alipour V, Soleimani movahed M. Educational Costs of Residents in a Teaching Hospital: a case study. Journal of Health Based Research 2019; 5(2): 117-30

Investigation of the solution initial pH effects on the performance of UV/Fe-ZSM5/H2O2 process

Effect of the solution initial pH was investigated on the performance of photo-Fenton process using Fe-ZSM5 zeolite as a heterogeneous catalyst for degradation of azo dye Acid Red 14. All experiments were performed in a 1.0 L tubular closed circulation batch photo-reactor. The dye degradation quantum yield was maximal when the solution initial pH was about 5. An amount of about 0.3 mg L−1 of Fe ions leached out of the zeolite. However, monitoring Fe ion concentration during the experiments showed that the efficiency of the process is not due to the leached Fe ions. The effect of pH on decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide in different systems such as H2O2 alone, UV/H2O2, UV/Zeolite and UV/Zeolite/H2O2 was explored in detail to explain the results obtained.</jats:p

Sport , interculturality and attitude toward disturbing disability : a case studies of the foreign students of the university of Strasbourg

Cette thèse de doctorat établit la relation entre les représentations de l’activité physique et sportive et les attitudes à l’égard des personnes porteuses de déficience dans un contexte interculturel, celui des étudiants en mobilité temporaire de l’université de Strasbourg. Il a été établi que certaines représentations de l’activité physique et sportive principalement centrée autour de la santé et/ou la compétition ont une influence sur les attitudes à l’égard des personnes porteuses de déficience chez les étudiants étrangers. Une enquête par questionnaire en ligne (N= 399), une démarche d’entretiens semi-directifs (N=20) et un recueil de données ethnographiques ont été articulés pour obtenir le corpus empirique à analyser. Pour examiner les attitudes des étudiants étrangers à l’Université de Strasbourg, nous avons élaboré le concept de « déficience dérangeante » en nous basant sur les notions « d’inquiétante étrangeté » et le concept de « vallée dérangeante » employés respectivement dans le champ de la psychologie et le champ de la robotique. De plus, nous avons utilisé le concept de « dimension culturelle » d’Hofstede, afin de découvrir s’il existe une forme d’homogénéisation culturelle dans la perception des personnes en situation de handicap. Ce travail a permis de mettre en lumière l’existence de discours idéologique sur l’accessibilité et le sport santé, s’exprimant dans toutes les cultures chez les étudiants étrangers. Ces discours sont présents dans les représentations de l’activité physique et sportive et dans les attitudes portées à l’égard des individus porteurs de déficience, ils utilisent d’ailleurs des mécanismes similaires. Il a aussi été démontré qu’il existe chez les étudiants une dichotomie entre le corps et l’esprit qui avait une influence à la fois sur les représentations de l’activité physique et sportive, mais également sur la vision de la déficience. Cette dichotomie s’exprimant chez tous les étudiants interrogés en dépit des différences de culture, bien qu’il existe certaines nuances en fonction de la culture interrogée. Il a également été observé des similitudes entre la façon dont les sportifs de haut niveau et les personnes porteuses de déficience sont perçus par cette population. En effet, ces deux populations sont vues comme « hors norme » ou comme étant des héros. Nous démontrons comment les représentations du sportif de haut niveau sont similaires à celles des personnes en situation de handicap, et en quoi ces deux populations vivent le même processus d’altérisation.This thesis establishes a link between physical and sporting activities and the attitudes toward disabled people. Foreign students at the University of Strasbourg are put in an intercultural context. In this context, we have demonstrated that some physical and sportive activities, which mainly focuses on health and/or competition, have an impact on the attitudes toward disabled people. Quantitative thanks to an online survey (N=399), qualitative thanks to semi directive interview (N=20) and ethnographic methods were used to establish such link. In order to analyze we have elaborated the notion of “disturbing disability,” based on the Freudian notion of “worrying strangeness,” and the concept of the “uncanny valley,” mainly used in the field of robotics. Furthermore, we have used Hofstede’s concept of “cultural dimension” to uncover a cultural homogenization in the perception of disabled people. This homogenization manifests itself in every culture through some ideological speeches that are present in the representation of physical and sporting activities, and the attitudes toward disabled people. These speeches are not identical, but both are based on the same mechanisms. This work has also illustrated that for foreign students there is a dichotomy between mind and body that expresses itself in every culture, and has an influence in the perception of physical and sporting activities, as well as on disability. Finally, in this thesis we have proven that both athletes and disabled people are seen as “special”, “inhuman” or “heroic” because they both go through the same “othering” process