Pengaruh penggunaan jenis filler (bahan pengisi) terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan organoleptik nugget ikan patin

Ikan merupakan salah satu komoditi bahan pangan yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi, akan tetapi memiliki tingkat konsumsi yang tergolong rendah. Salah satu contoh ikan yang memiliki nilai gizi tinggi yaitu ikan patin. Ikan patin merupakan salah sumber protein hewani dengan kadar protein lebih dari 20% yang banyak terdapat di Indonesia. Nugget berbahan baku daging ikan masih jarang dijumpai sehingga dilakukan pengolahan ikan patin menjadi nugget. Proses pembuatan nugget membutuhkan filler (bahan pengisi) yang berfungsi untuk memperbaiki struktur nugget. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan berbagai jenis filler terhadap sifat fisikokimia dan sifat organoleptik nugget ikan patin serta mengetahui formulasi nugget ikan patin yang dapat diterima konsumen yang ditinjau berdasarkan sifat fisiknya. Jenis filler yang digunakan adalah tepung terigu, tapioka dan maizena dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% untuk parameter tekstur dan kadar air dan konsentrasi tepung terigu, tapioka dan maizena 30% untuk organoleptik (rasa, tekstur, aroma dan penampakan). Jenis dan konsentrasi filler yang digunakan dalam formulasi pembuatan nugget dapat berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisikokimia maupun organoleptik nugget ikan patin. Penggunaan filler dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi menghasilkan kadar air nugget yang rendah dan tekstur nugget yang semakin keras

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, correlações e índices de seleção para seis caracteres agronômicos em linhagens F8 de soja

This study aimed to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters and provide knowledge for breeding programs aiming at the selection of the main characters of assessment in soybeans. The experiment was installed in Sabia farm, located at ‘Serra das Laranjeiras” , in the municipality of Currais, Piaui, Brazil, during the 2011/2012 crop year using a randomized block design with 27 genotypes and three repetitions. The evaluated variables were: height at flowering (APF), height at maturity (APM), pod insertion height (AIV), grain yield (PG), number of nodes (NN) and number of pods (NV). The obtained heritability coefficients were from medium to high, for all evaluated characters, ranging from 0.53 to 0.94, for grain yield and plant height at flowering, respectively. These high heritability were confirmed by the high degree of genetic variation and the CVg/CVe ratio, indicating a high prospect of success for the phenotypic selection. The higher positive genetic correlations and the significant (P <0.01) were observed between grain yield and the variables number of nodes (0.807**) and number of pods (0.781**), indicating that the selection of plants with higher number of nodes and pods could result in more productive plants. The Williams-based index presented the highest percentage of gain with the selection offor the grain yield (21.84%) variable.O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos e fornecer subsídios para programas de melhoramento visando a seleção dos caracteres principais de avaliação em soja. O experimento foi instalado na fazenda Sabiá, localizada na Serra das Laranjeiras, no município de Currais, Piauí, na safra 2011/2012. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 27 genótipos e três repetições. Foram avaliados os caracteres agronômicos altura de plantas no florescimento (APF) e na maturidade (APM), altura de inserção da vagem (AIV), produtividade de grãos (PG), número de nós (NN) e número de vagem (NV). Os coeficientes de herdabilidade foram de médios a altos para todos os caracteres, variando entre 0,53 a 0,94, para produtividade de grãos e altura da planta no florescimento respectivamente. Estas altas herdabilidade foram confirmadas pelos altos coeficiente de variação genético e a razão CVg/CVe, indicando que a perspectiva de sucesso pela seleção fenotípica é grande. As maiores correlações genotípicas positivas e significativas a (P<0,01) foram observadas entre produtividade de grãos com os caracteres número de nós (0,807**), e número de vagens (0,781**), indicando que a seleção de plantas com maior número de nós e de vagens resultaria em plantas mais produtivas. O índice base de Williams apresentou a maior porcentagem de ganho com a seleção para o caráter produtividade de grãos (21,84%)

Análise de trilha do rendimento de grãos de soja na microrregião do Alto Médio Gurguéia

The objective of this work was to evaluate, by using path analysis, the influence of some agronomic characters on soybean yield. An experiment was conducted in cerrado soil, in Serra do Quilombo, Bom Jesus, Southern of Piaui State, from december 2007 to april 2008, in an Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with treatments consisting of six levels of phosphorus (0, 40, 60, 100, 120 and 140 kg P2O5 ha-1) with four replications. Some characteristics were evaluated: plant height, height of first pod insertion, number of nodes per plant, number of string beans per plant, 100 grains weight, dry weight and total grain production per plant. The number of pods per plant was the yield component that showed the greatest direct effect on dry matter and total grain production per plant. The number of nodes per plant had a strong indirect effect on dry matter production. The variable height of first pod insertion showed lower correlation with the other variables.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, através da análise de trilha, a influência de alguns caracteres agronômicos, sobre o rendimento de grãos de soja. Foi instalado um experimento em solo de cerrado na Serra do Quilombo, município de Bom Jesus, Sul do Estado do Piauí, no período de dezembro de 2007 a abril de 2008, em um Latossolo Amarelo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por seis doses de fósforo (0; 40; 60; 100; 120 e 140 kg ha-1 de P2O5) com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, número de nós por planta, número de vagens por planta, peso de 100 grãos, peso de matéria seca e produção total de grãos por planta. O número de vagens por planta foi o componente de produção que apresentou maior efeito direto sobre a produção de matéria seca e total de grãos por planta. O número de nós por planta exerceu forte efeito indireto sobre a produção de matéria seca. A variável altura de inserção da primeira vagem apresentou menor correlação com as demais variáveis. Path analysis of soybean yield in the micro region of Alto Médio GurguéiaAbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate, by using path analysis, the influence of some agronomiccharacters on soybean yield. An experiment was conducted in cerrado soil, in Serra do Quilombo,Bom Jesus, Southern of Piaui State, from december 2007 to april 2008, in an Oxisol. The experimentaldesign was randomized blocks, with treatments consisting of six levels of phosphorus (0, 40, 60, 100,120 and 140 kg P2O5 ha-1) with four replications. Some characteristics were evaluated: plant height,height of first pod insertion, number of nodes per plant, number of string beans per plant, 100 grainsweight, dry weight and total grain production per plant. The number of pods per plant was the yieldcomponent that showed the greatest direct effect on dry matter and total grain production perplant. The number of nodes per plant had a strong indirect effect on dry matter production. Thevariable height of first pod insertion showed lower correlation with the other variables.

Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies

ABSTRACT The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g., neural, hormonal, muscle-related and blood clotting pathways). Thus, calcium supplementation can directly or indirectly affect important functions in the body, such as the control of blood pressure, plasma glucose, body weight, lipid profile and endothelial function. Since one publication reported increased cardiovascular risk due to calcium supplementation, many researchers have studied whether this risk actually exists; the results are conflicting, and the involved mechanisms are uncertain. However, studies that have evaluated the influence of the consumption of foods rich in calcium have reported no increase in the cardiovascular risk, which suggests that nutritional intake should be prioritized as a method for supplementation and that the use of calcium supplements should be reserved for patients who truly need supplementation and are unable to achieve the recommended daily nutritional intake of calcium

Calcium intake: good for the bones but bad for the heart? An analysis of clinical studies

ABSTRACT The proper dietary calcium intake and calcium supplementation, when indicated, are important factors in the acquisition of peak bone mass during youth and in the prevention of fractures in old age. In addition to its deposition in bone, calcium confers an increase in its resistance and exhibits important activities in different enzymatic pathways in the body (e.g., neural, hormonal, muscle-related and blood clotting pathways). Thus, calcium supplementation can directly or indirectly affect important functions in the body, such as the control of blood pressure, plasma glucose, body weight, lipid profile and endothelial function. Since one publication reported increased cardiovascular risk due to calcium supplementation, many researchers have studied whether this risk actually exists; the results are conflicting, and the involved mechanisms are uncertain. However, studies that have evaluated the influence of the consumption of foods rich in calcium have reported no increase in the cardiovascular risk, which suggests that nutritional intake should be prioritized as a method for supplementation and that the use of calcium supplements should be reserved for patients who truly need supplementation and are unable to achieve the recommended daily nutritional intake of calcium

Efficiency of vinasse application on root-knot nematodes in soybean

Abstract: Vinasse is not only effectively used in pest control but also creates a conducive environment for the growth of antagonistic microorganisms. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of vinasse applied via soil for the management of root-knot nematodes in soybean culture. The experimental design was entirely random, in a factorial scheme (2 x 6), consisting of two species of nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, under vinasse application at five concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%) and one control (water), with five repetitions. Soybean plants Intacta cv. M-Soy 8644 IPRO were inoculated with 4000 eggs/juveniles of each species separately. At 60 days after the first application of vinasse, evaluations of parasitism and agronomic characteristics in soybean were performed. Stillage resulted in the highest average values for root volume and root fresh mass in plants inoculated with M. incognita, showing respective increases of 24.33% and 14.92% compared to plants inoculated with M. javanica. However, concentrations exceeding 60% had a detrimental effect on all agronomic variables of soybean. For parasitism, an interaction among the factors was observed, with a significant effect (p < 0.01) for most of the evaluated variables, except for the number of eggs in the soil. The concentration equivalent to 60% vinasse promoted a sharp reduction in parasitism for the two nematode species, making reproduction on plant roots unfeasible

Na/K-ATPase as a target for anticancer drugs: studies with perillyl alcohol

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-19T13:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) diogo_garcia_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 3737573 bytes, checksum: 1b84623ec38ac4ed0b27482edd41330e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Química Analítica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Química Analítica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Biologia. Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular. Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Background: Na/K-ATPase (NKA) is inhibited by perillyl alcohol (POH), a monoterpene used in the treatment of tumors, including brain tumors. The NKA α1 subunit is known to be superexpressed in glioblastoma cells (GBM). This isoform is embedded in caveolar structures and is probably responsible for the signaling properties of NKA during apoptosis. In this work, we showed that POH acts in signaling cascades associated with NKA that control cell proliferation and/or cellular death. Methods: NKA activity was measured by the amount of non-radioactive Rb+ incorporation into cultured GBM cell lines (U87 and U251) and non-tumor cells (mouse astrocytes and VERO cells). Cell viability was measured by lactate dehydrogenase levels in the supernatants of POH-treated cells. Activated c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and p38 were assessed by western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, and the release of interleukins was measured by ELISA. Results: All four cell types tested showed a similar sensitivity for POH. Perillic acid (PA), the main metabolite of POH, did not show any effect on these cells. Though the cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner when cells were treated with POH, the maximum cytotoxic effect of PA obtained was 30% at 4 mM. 1.5 mM POH activated p38 in U87 cells and JNK in both U87 and U251 cells as well as mouse astrocytes. Dasatinib (an inhibitor of the Src kinase family) and methyl β-cyclodextrin (which promotes cholesterol depletion in cell membranes) reduced the POH-induced activation of JNK1/2 in U87 cells, indicating that the NKA-Src complex participates in this mechanism. Inhibition of JNK1/2 by the JNK inhibitor V reduced the apoptosis of GBM cells that resulted from POH administration, indicating the involvement of JNK1/2 in programmed cell death. 1.5 mM POH increased the production of interleukin IL-8 in the U251 cell supernatant, which may indicate a possible strategy by which cells avoid the cytotoxic effects of POH. Conclusions: A signaling mechanism mediated by NKA may have an important role in the anti-tumor action of POH in GBM cells