Genetic learning of accurate and compact fuzzy rule based systems based on the 2-tuples linguistic representation

One of the problems that focus the research in the linguistic fuzzy modeling area is the trade-off between interpretability and accuracy. To deal with this problem, different approaches can be found in the literature. Recently, a new linguistic rule representation model was presented to perform a genetic lateral tuning of membership functions. It is based on the linguistic 2-tuples representation that allows the lateral displacement of a label considering an unique parameter. This way to work involves a reduction of the search space that eases the derivation of optimal models and therefore, improves the mentioned trade-off. Based on the 2-tuples rule representation, this work proposes a new method to obtain linguistic fuzzy systems by means of an evolutionary learning of the data base a priori (number of labels and lateral displacements) and a simple rule generation method to quickly learn the associated rule base. Since this rule generation method is run from each data base definition generated by the evolutionary algorithm, its selection is an important aspect. In this work, we also propose two new ad hoc data-driven rule generation methods, analyzing the influence of them and other rule generation methods in the proposed learning approach. The developed algorithms will be tested considering two different real-world problems.Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under Projects TIC-2002-04036-C05-01 and TIN-2005-08386-C05-0

Automatic Laser Pointer Detection Algorithm for Environment Control Device Systems Based on Template Matching and Genetic Tuning of Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems

In this paper we propose a new approach for laser-based environment device control systems based on the automatic design of a Fuzzy Rule-Based System for laser pointer detection. The idea is to improve the success rate of the previous approaches decreasing as much as possible the false offs and increasing the success rate in images with laser spot, i.e., the detection of a false laser spot (since this could lead to dangerous situations). To this end, we propose to analyze both, the morphology and color of a laser spot image together, thus developing a new robust algorithm. Genetic Fuzzy Systems have also been employed to improve the laser spot system detection by means of a fine tuning of the involved membership functions thus reducing the system false offs, which is the main objective in this problem. The system presented in this paper, makes use of a Fuzzy Rule-Based System adjusted by a Genetic Algorithm, which, based on laser morphology and color analysis, shows a better success rate than previous approaches.Spanish Government TIN2008-06681-C06-01 TIN2007-68083-C02-01University of Extremadura regional government Junta de ExtremaduraConsejeria de Economia-Comercio e Innovacion European Commission GRU0910

Cirugía protésica en metástasis óseas

La cirugía protésica aporta mejor estabilidad mecánica y mayor resección tumoral de la que pue - den aportar otras técnicas quirúrgicas en pacientes con metástasis ósea. Ello influye favorablemente en su calidad de vida y en el control local de la enfermedad y, por tanto, puede influir secundariamente incluso en mejorar su pronóstico vital. Por contra presentan una mayor morbilidad y un periodo de rehabilitación más largo. El debate se plantea en, ¿cuándo existe indicación quirúrgica y qué técnica es la más adecuada para cada caso concreto?. Es imprescindible un abordaje multidisciplinar que incluya necesariamente al oncólogo médico, y posea además algoritmos de tratamiento que tengan en cuenta las expectativas de vida y la posibilidad de tratamientos coadyu - vantes, así como la efectividad previsible en cada caso con las distintas técnicas quirúrgicas. Haremos un análisis de los distintos sistemas de valoración prequirúrgica en esta patología y de las indicaciones de la cirugía protésica según la localización de las lesiones y el pronóstico de los pacientes. Así como un repaso a la bibliografía de los resultados obtenidos por distintos autores con la cirugía protésica aplicada a las metástasis óseas.Prosthetic surgery gives better mechanical stability and more tumour resection than other techni - ques can give, in patients with skeletal metastases. Therefore improve their quality of live and the disease local control. In that way it can secondarily increase their vital prognostic. On the other hand it has more morbidity and longer rehabilitation period. The controversial point is, when is surgery indicated and what is the more adequate technique in each case?. It's mandatory to make a multidisciplinary approach including always the MD Onco - logist, and having treatment algorithms taking account of the live expectative and the possibilities of adjuvant treatments, as well as the expected efficacy of the different techniques. We will do an analysis of the different scoring systems of pre-surgical evaluation in this pathology and the different surgical indications of endoprosthe - sis depending on the metastasis site and the patient prognostic. Well as a review of the literature of the results by different authors with prosthetic surgery applied to skeletal metastase

Cultura visual y alfabetización mediática en educación infantil : las posibilidades del diálogo con imágenes

La Cultura Visual, caracterizada por el predominio de imágenes en cualquier entorno de nuestras vidas, influye notablemente en los primeros años de desarrollo, un fenómeno que se ha incrementado con la utilización de las tecnologías digitales e Internet. Desde el punto de vista educativo, es fundamental potenciar la capacidad crítica desde las etapas iniciales del aprendizaje, pero resulta imprescindible hacerlo desde planteamientos de una metodología activa que tenga en cuenta la faceta creadora, contemplando un proceso educativo que respete las inteligencias múltiples (Gardner, 1995). Para trabajar en la línea comentada, tal y como se establece en las bases de la competencia mediática (Buckingham, 2009) y la competencia en comunicación audiovisual (Ferrés, 2007), revisadas y actualizadas desde los nuevos retos del contexto mediático digital (Ferrés y Piscitelli, 2012), esta investigación se centra en diseñar unas bases teórico prácticas para una alfabetización visual que conecte las referencias pedagógicas de la enseñanza de artes visuales con la Educación Mediática. En concreto, en este texto de detallan las líneas de trabajo y los resultados de la puesta en prueba de una metodología cualitativa e interdisciplinar centrada en el segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil, es decir, en el trabajo educativo con niños y niñas de 3 a 6 años, exponiendo sus resultados y algunas posibilidades de una línea didáctica concreta, que es la centrada el diálogo con imágenes fotográficas por parte del alumnado

Water management assessment in a historic garden: the case study of the Real Alcazar (Seville, Spain)

Irrigation plays a very important role in a Mediterranean garden. In spite of this, there are not many studies assessing irrigation water management of landscapes. Moreover, historic gardens represent a special challenge due to their unique characteristics. The aim of this work is the characterization and evaluation of water management in a historic garden. For that, the gardens of The Real Alcazar of Seville were used as a case study. They comprise a total of 20 gardens of different styles with a total area of nearly 7 ha. Landscape water requirements and irrigation volume applied were estimated and used in conjunction with other descriptive and financial variables to calculate 6 performance indicators. Only 20% of gardens showed adequate irrigation in the spring-autumn period, being 10% during summer. However, the two well-watered gardens represent 30% of the total irrigated area. Management, operation and maintenance costs are 0.63 €·m−2 representing 0.58 € per volume of irrigation water used (m−3). Results obtained support the need of improving irrigation management. For that, simple solutions such as installing metering devices, calculating actual water requirements or optimizing irrigation schedules can be implemented. Other more complex actions such as modifying the irrigation network or creating hydrozones might also be explored

Enhancing soft computing techniques to actively address imbalanced regression problems

This paper has been supported in part by the ERDF A way of making Europe/Health Institute Carlos III/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grant number PI20/00711), by the ERDF A way of making Europe/Regional Government of Andalusia/Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities (grant numbers P18-RT-2248 and B-CTS-536-UGR20) and by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/50110001103 (grant numbers PID2019-107793GB-I00 and PID2020-119478GB-I00). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA

Experimental Study on 164 Algorithms Available in Software Tools for Solving Standard Non-Linear Regression Problems

In the specialized literature, researchers can find a large number of proposals for solving regression problems that come from different research areas. However, researchers tend to use only proposals from the area in which they are experts. This paper analyses the performance of a large number of the available regression algorithms from some of the most known and widely used software tools in order to help non-expert users from other areas to properly solve their own regression problems and to help specialized researchers developing well-founded future proposals by properly comparing and identifying algorithms that will enable them to focus on significant further developments. To sum up, we have analyzed 164 algorithms that come from 14 main different families available in 6 software tools (Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Regression Trees, Rule-Based Methods, Stacking, Random Forests, Model trees, Generalized Linear Models, Nearest Neighbor methods, Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Regression, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, Bagging, Boosting, and other methods) over 52 datasets. A new measure has also been proposed to show the goodness of each algorithm with respect to the others. Finally, a statistical analysis by non-parametric tests has been carried out over all the algorithms and on the best 30 algorithms, both with and without bagging. Results show that the algorithms from Random Forest, Model Tree and Support Vector Machine families get the best positions in the rankings obtained by the statistical tests when bagging is not considered. In addition, the use of bagging techniques significantly improves the performance of the algorithms without excessive increase in computational times.This work was supported in part by the University of Córdoba under the project PPG2019-UCOSOCIAL-03, and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under Grant TIN2015- 68454-R and Grant TIN2017-89517-P

Lower Turolian mammals of Puente Minero (Teruel, Spain)

El yacimiento de Puente Minero (Teruel) ha suministrado una abundante y diversificada fauna de micro y macromamíferos que se ha datado como perteneciente al Turoliense inferior. Se han determinado catorce taxones de micromamíferos, destacando la abundancia de múridos (representados por las especies Occitanomys sondaari, Parapodemus cf.lugdunensis y Valerymys vireti) y de cricétidos (Hyspanomys freudenthali y Kowalskia fahlbuschi). También son muy numerosos los restos del lagomorfo Prolagus crusafonti. Otros taxones determinados, presentes en menor cantidad, son los roedores Eozapus intermedius, Eliomys truci, Heteroxerus cf. grivensis y Chalicomys sp., así como tres especies de insectívoros, y un quiróptero, Rhinolophus delphinensis. Los macromamíferos también se caracterizan por su diversidad de especies (quince taxones determinados) pero, salvo en los casos de Hipparion y Tragoportax, el material perteneciente a cada uno de ellos no es muy numeroso. La mayor parte de los restos corresponde a Hipparion, representado por dos especies, el común Hipparion primigenium y otra especie de talla pequeña, Hipparion gromovae, sólo conocida hasta el momento en el Turoliense superior. También abunda la especie Tragoportax gaudryi, bóvido común durante todo el Turoliense. Otras formas determinadas son cinco especies de carnívoros, cinco de artiodáctilos, una de perisodáctilo y una de proboscídeo. En este trabajo se describen los micromamíferos, los carnívoros y los artiodáctilos. La asociación de micromamíferos se parece a la de los yacimientos de Alfambra, Tortajada A, Valdecebro 4, Los Aguanaces y Vivero de Pinos, todos ellos situados en las proximidades de Puente Minero y cuya edad corresponde al Turoliense inferior (MN 11). El conjunto de macromamíferos, por su parte, se correlaciona con los de Piera (Vallés-Penedés) y Crevillente 2 (Alicante), ambos atribuidos también al Turoliense inferior. El interés de este trabajo radica en la documentación paleontológica de una edad poco conocida todavía y en la que son raros los hallazgos conjuntos de micro y macromamíferos.The Puente Minero (Teruel) locality has provided an abundant and diversified micro and macromammal fauna dated as lower Turolian. Fourteen micromammal taxa have been identified, with abundant murids (represented by the species Occitanomys sondaari, Parapodemus cf. lugdunensis, and Valerymys vireti) and cricetids (Hispanomys freudenthali and Kowalskia fahlbuschi). There are also numerous remains of the lagomorph Prolagus crusafonti. Other taxa determined, present in smaller numbers, are the rodents Eozapus intermedius, Eliomys truci, Heteroxerus cf. grivensis and Chalicomys sp., as well as three species of insectivores and the bat Rhinolophus delphinensis. The macromammal fauna is also noteworthy for the diversity (15 taxa) but, except for Hipparion and Tragoportax, the other species are poorly represented. The large part of these remains correspond to Hipparion, represented by two species, the common Hipparion primigenium and the small-sized Hipparion gromovae, only known to have existed, until now, during the late Turolian. The species Tragoportax gaudryi, a common bovid during the Turolian is also well represented. Other macromammals present are five species of carnivores, five artiodactyls, one perissodactyl, and one proboscidean. The micromammals, the carnivores, and the artiodactyls are described in this paper. The association of the micromammals is similar to those of the Alfambra, Tortajada A, Valdecebro 4, Los Aguanaces and Vivero de Pinos localities, all of wich are situated near Puente Minero and are of early Turolian (MN 11) age. As for the macromammal group, they are similar to Piera (Vallés-Penedés) and Crevillente 2 (Alicante), both of wich are also attributed to lower Turolian. The interest of this work is in the paleontological documentation of a period still widely unknown and in which it is rare to find micro and macromammals together.Peer reviewe

Impact of woody semi-natural habitats on the abundance and diversity of green lacewings in olive orchards

Habitat management is a conservation biological control technique which helps to reduce the use of inputs in olive orchards and also to improve sustainability. Recent studies of olive orchards have pointed out that vegetation cover, which provides food resources, as well as reproduction and refuge sites, increases Chrysopidae populations and diversity. However, little is known about the effect of woody semi-natural habitats (SNHs) in olive orchards. In this context, our study aims to determine the attraction of adult Chrysopidae to different tree species in SNHs adjacent to olive orchards in order to promote the conservation biological control of this key predator. We vacuumed 75 almond, oak, olive and pine trees fortnightly between April and October of 2016. The trees were chosen at random and evenly distributed among five organic olive orchards selected according to their availability. Oak trees recorded the highest abundance, species richness and diversity levels of adult Chrysopidae, while olive trees had the highest abundance of Chrysopidae larvae. A total of 20 green lacewing species, belonging to seven different genera, were collected, of which Chrysoperla mutata (McLachlan, 1898), Chrysoperla pallida Henry et al., 2002 and Pseudomallada (prasinus) pp3 (Duelli and Henry, 2020) were the most abundant during the period of the study and had a preference for olive trees (C. mutata and C. pallida) and oak trees P. (prasinus) pp3. Furthermore, the number of Chrysopidae larvae collected showed a positive correlation with the percentage of predated eggs in the anthophagous and carpophagous generations of Prays oleae.Junta de Andalucia P12-AGR-141