Incidencia de la enseñanza-aprendizaje del latín en el desarrollo personal de los alumnos. Experiencias de un profesor

Como es sabido, el Latín no tiene hoy, al menos para los alumnos de enseñanza media y sus padres, el mismo prestigio que las materias científicas y técnicas. Con frecuencia se considera su estudio como algo tortuoso y estéril, sin perspectivas. Paradójicamente se va levantando un clamor en todos los estamentos sociales augurando que el futuro de la educación, de cara al próximo siglo, no consistirá sólo en aprender a leer, escribir, saber algo de matemáticas y almacenar unos conocimientos, cada vez mayores y en muchos aspectos cambiantes. Se considera irrenunciable potenciar el desarrollo de las capacidades de comunicación, acceso y procesamiento crítico de la información; las capacidades de identificación, planteamiento y resolución de problemas; el uso del razonamiento abstracto y científico, así como la pericia en el manejo de los nuevos instrumentos tecnológicos. Del mismo modo, la complejidad de los problemas actuales y su universalidad pone de manifiesto la necesidad de potenciar la dimensión ética en todos los estudiantes

The effect of maternal diabetes on the Wnt-PCP pathway during embryogenesis as reflected in the developing mouse eye

Embryopathies that develop as a consequence of maternal diabetes have been studied intensely in both experimental and clinical scenarios. Accordingly, hyperglycaemia has been shown to downregulate the expression of elements in the non-canonical Wnt-PCP pathway, such as the Dishevelled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1) and Vangl2. Daam1 is a formin that is essential for actin polymerization and for cytoskeletal reorganization, and it is expressed strongly in certain organs during mouse development, including the eye, neural tube and heart. Daam1gt/gt and Daam1gt/+ embryos develop ocular defects (anophthalmia or microphthalmia) that are similar to those detected as a result of hyperglycaemia. Indeed, studying the effects of maternal diabetes on the Wnt-PCP pathway demonstrated that there was strong association with the Daam1 genotype, whereby the embryopathy observed in Daam1gt/+ mutant embryos of diabetic dams was more severe. There was evidence that embryonic exposure to glucose in vitro diminishes the expression of genes in the Wnt-PCP pathway, leading to altered cytoskeletal organization, cell shape and cell polarity in the optic vesicle. Hence, the Wnt-PCP pathway appears to influence cell morphology and cell polarity, events that drive the cellular movements required for optic vesicle formation and that, in turn, are required to maintain the fate determination. Here, we demonstrate that the Wnt-PCP pathway is involved in the early stages of mouse eye development and that it is altered by diabetes, provoking the ocular phenotype observed in the affected embryos

Trochoidal Milling Path with Variable Feed. Application to the Machining of a Ti-6Al-4V Part

Trochoidal milling is a well-stablished machining strategy which still allows for the introduction of new approaches. This strategy can be applied to any kind of material, although it is usually associated to advanced materials, such as titanium and nickel alloys. This study is based on the adaptation of the feed speed of a milling tool with Ti-6Al-4V, so the chip width can be maintained constant without modifying the path geometry. A singularity in the experimental stage was to mill an Archimedes spiral groove instead of the conventional straight grooves. This made it possible to obtain a concave wall as well as a convex one and to optimize the amount of material used. The time efficiency compared to a constant feed, was slightly superior to 20%, reducing tool wear also. These techniques require milling machines with high mechanical and kinematic performance, as well as the absence of clearance between joints and a high acceleration capacity

Oxidative Stress Correlates with Headache Symptoms in Fibromyalgia: Coenzyme Q10 Effect on Clinical Improvement

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.[Background]: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with unknown etiology and a wide spectrum of symptoms such as allodynia, debilitating fatigue, joint stiffness and migraine. Recent studies have shown some evidences demonstrating that oxidative stress is associated to clinical symptoms in FM of fibromyalgia. We examined oxidative stress and bioenergetic status in blood mononuclear cells (BMCs) and its association to headache symptoms in FM patients. The effects of oral coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) supplementation on biochemical markers and clinical improvement were also evaluated. [Methods]: We studied 20 FM patients and 15 healthy controls. Clinical parameters were evaluated using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), visual analogues scales (VAS), and the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). Oxidative stress was determined by measuring CoQ 10, catalase and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in BMCs. Bioenergetic status was assessed by measuring ATP levels in BMCs. [Results]: We found decreased CoQ 10, catalase and ATP levels in BMCs from FM patients as compared to normal control (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively) We also found increased level of LPO in BMCs from FM patients as compared to normal control (P<0.001). Significant negative correlations between CoQ 10 or catalase levels in BMCs and headache parameters were observed (r = -0.59, P<0.05; r = -0.68, P<0.05, respectively). Furthermore, LPO levels showed a significant positive correlation with HIT-6 (r = 0.33, P<.05). Oral CoQ 10 supplementation restored biochemical parameters and induced a significant improvement in clinical and headache symptoms (P<0.001). [Discussion]: The results of this study suggest a role for mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the headache symptoms associated with FM. CoQ10 supplementation should be examined in a larger placebo controlled trial as a possible treatment in FM.This work has been supported by IV Plan Propio de Investigación (University of Seville, ref. 2010/00000453), FIS PI10/00543 grant, FIS EC08/00076 grant, Ministerio de Sanidad, Spain and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER-Unión Europea), SAS 111242 grant, Servicio Andaluz de Salud-Junta de Andalucía, Proyecto de Investigación de Excelencia de la Junta de Andalucía CTS-5725 and Federación Andaluza de Fibromialgia y Fatiga Crónica (ALBA Andalucía).Peer Reviewe

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Estudio de la interacción de dos factores, genético y ambiental, durante el desarrollo embrionario en ratón

Resumen del póster presentado a la 1ª Jornada de los másteres de biotecnología de la UPO, celebrada en Sevilla el 3 de mayo de 2012.El desarrollo embrionario es un proceso complejo en cuya regulación intervienen múltiples vías de señalización. Existen diversos factores que pueden alterar este proceso: factores ambientales, factores genéticos, así como la combinación ambos. Un factor ambiental ampliamente estudiado por su implicación en el desarrollo embrionario es la diabetes gestacional, la cual se ha observado que aumenta el riesgo de sufrir embriopatías y malformaciones congénitas. Por otro lado se ha demostrado que existe una implicación de la vía de señalización Wnt no canónica en el desarrollo embrionario; un miembro de esta vía es Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (Daam1), que pertenece al grupo de las forminas, proteínas implicadas en la regulación de la polimerización de la actina. Se ha descrito en ratón que mutantes de este gen presentan malformaciones oculares y cardíacas, malformaciones que a su vez se han observado de forma simultánea en niños cuya madre padecía hiperglucemia. Por todo esto, y habiéndose demostrado que los hijos de madres diabéticas presentan alteradas las vías de Wnt, nuestro trabajo está enfocado en el estudio de la posible interacción del factor ambiental de la diabetes gestacional y el factor genético de la mutación en Daam1. El mejor entendimiento de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en el desarrollo embrionario, así como la identificación de factores que alteran estos mecanismos, puede resultar en la identificación de grupos de riesgo y, en última instancia, contribuir a su prevención.Peer reviewe

Low levels of serotonin in serum correlates with severity of fibromyalgia

[ES]: Objetivo: La fibromialgia es un síndrome de dolor crónico generalizado de etiología desconocida, que afecta predominantemente a mujeres. Dentro de las hipótesis que se han descrito como posibles mecanismos etiopatogénicos destaca la alteración de los valores y metabolismo de la serotonina y su relación con los síntomas en la fibromialgia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue demostrar si existía una correlación entre valores bajos de serotonina y los síntomas de la fibromialgia. Pacientes y método: Se determinó la concentración de serotonina sérica mediante enzimoinmunoensayo en una muestra de 38 pacientes y 25 sujetos sanos. Se correlacionaron los resultados con los síntomas relacionados con el dolor, la depresión, el impacto de la enfermedad (mediante el test Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire [FIQ]) y la edad de las pacientes. Resultados: Las pacientes presentaban un descenso de los valores de serotonina de un 45% respecto a los sujetos sanos. Se observó correlación con los parámetros predeterminados de dolor, depresión, FIQ y edad. Conclusión: Los valores de serotonina correlacionan con la gravedad de la fibromialgia. Además, existe una relación entre la edad y el descenso de la serotonina.[EN]: Objetive: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome of unknown etiology, which affects predominantly women. Among the alterations that have been implicated in the pathophysiology of FM, there have been postulated disturbances in serotonin levels and metabolism, and their implication in symptoms. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlation levels between low levels of serotonin and severity of symptoms in FM. Patients and methods: We determined serotonin levels using an ELISA kit in serum from 38 FM patients and 25 healthy individual. Results were correlated with symptoms regarding pain, depression, impact of disease (FIQ) and age. Results: Serotonin levels were decreased by 45% compared to healthy individual. An important correlation was observed between serotonin levels and predetermined parameters of pain, depression, FIQ and age. Conclusion: Serotonin levels are correlated with severity of FM. In addition, there is an interesting correlation between serotonin levels and age of patients.Peer Reviewe