Case Produsentpakkeriet.Improving the utilisation of co-streams in potato and vegetable processing

During processing (packaging) of vegetables and potatoes, large proportions are sorted out due to minor damage or deviations from strict visual standards. Out-sorted products are poorly paid, and have a short shelf-life. Processing to increase the payment and shelf-life may support a more sustainable utilisation of these by-products. Conserving as silage is one option, which was studied in the bioeconomy-project "CYCLE" (2013-2017). Other approaches are also discussed

Breast cancer risk by age at birth, time since birth and time intervals between births: exploring interaction effects

In a Norwegian, prospective study we investigated breast cancer risk in relation to age at, and time since, childbirth, and whether the timing of births modified the risk pattern after delivery. A total of 23 890 women of parity 5 or less were diagnosed with breast cancer during follow-up of 1.7 million women at ages 20–74 years. Results, based on Poisson regression analyses of person-years at risk, showed long-term protective effects of the first, as well as subsequent, pregnancies and that these were preceded by a short-term increase in risk. The magnitude and timing of this adverse effect differed somewhat by birth order, maternal age at delivery and birth spacing. No transient increase in risk was seen shortly after a first birth below age 25 years, but an early first birth did not prevent a transient increase in risk after subsequent births. In general, the magnitude of the adverse effect was strongest after pregnancies at age 30 years or older. A wide birth interval was also related to a more pronounced adverse effect. Increasing maternal age at the first and second childbirth was associated with an increase in risk in the long run, whereas no such long-term effect was seen with age at higher order births

Er konsum av melk og egg assosiert med risiko for kreft? Foreløpige resultater fra en prospektiv undersøkelse

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The AutoActive Research Environment

ARE consists of three different software modules; ActivityPresenter, a Matlab toolbox, and a Python toolbox. ActivityPresenter is created to simplify the process of visualising, synchronising, and organising data, such as sensor data and videos from multiple sources, while the Matlab and Python toolboxes allow researchers to easily process data. Furthermore, a file format called AutoActiveZip (aaz) was created to store data and metadata in an organized manner. This format is a structured archive which contains immutable data structures and where the information within can be accessed without the use of temporary files that needs to be cleaned up. This ensures that sensitive data are not inadvertently left in temporary folders in case of program failure. The format allows the strengths of ActivityPresenter, such as synchronising data from multiple sources, and visualising videos and sensor data side by side to be combined with algorithms developed in Matlab and Python.publishedVersio

Histological type and grade of breast cancer tumors by parity, age at birth, and time since birth: a register-based study in Norway

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some studies have indicated that reproductive factors affect the risk of histological types of breast cancer differently. The long-term protective effect of a childbirth is preceded by a short-term adverse effect. Few studies have examined whether tumors diagnosed shortly after birth have specific histological characteristics.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the present register-based study, comprising information for 22,867 Norwegian breast cancer cases (20-74 years), we examined whether histological type (9 categories) and grade of tumor (2 combined categories) differed by parity or age at first birth. Associations with time since birth were evaluated among 9709 women diagnosed before age 50 years. Chi-square tests were applied for comparing proportions, whereas odds ratios (each histological type vs. ductal, or grade 3-4 vs. grade 1-2) were estimated in polytomous and binary logistic regression analyses.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ductal tumors, the most common histological type, accounted for 81.4% of all cases, followed by lobular tumors (6.3%) and unspecified carcinomas (5.5%). Other subtypes accounted for 0.4%-1.5% of the cases each. For all histological types, the proportions differed significantly by age at diagnoses. The proportion of mucinous and tubular tumors decreased with increasing parity, whereas Paget disease and medullary tumors were most common in women of high parity. An increasing trend with increasing age at first birth was most pronounced for lobular tumors and unspecified carcinomas; an association in the opposite direction was seen in relation to medullary and tubular tumors. In age-adjusted analyses, only the proportions of unspecified carcinomas and lobular tumors decreased significantly with increasing time since first and last birth. However, ductal tumors, and malignant sarcomas, mainly phyllodes tumors, seemed to occur at higher frequency in women diagnosed <2 years after first childbirth. The proportions of medullary tumors and Paget disease were particularly high among women diagnosed 2-5 years after last birth. The high proportion of poorly differentiated tumors in women with a recent childbirth was partly explained by young age.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results support previous observations that reproductive factors affect the risk of histological types of breast cancer differently. Sarcomas, medullary tumors, and possible also Paget disease, may be particularly susceptible to pregnancy-related exposure.</p

PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF DAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH

Penelitian ini didasarkan pada masih rendahnya kualitas pembelajaran di SD dalam mengimplementasikan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeskripsikan apakah data peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran bukan PBM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu quasi eksperiment dengan desain pre- and post test design. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kelas V salah satu sekolah dasar negeri di Kabupaten Majalengka pada tahun ajaran 2014/2015 dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 24 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 24 siswa kelas kontrol. Kelas ekperimen diberi perlakuan PBM, sedangkan kelas kontrol dengan bukan PBM. Kedua kelompok diberikan pre test dan post test dengan menggunakan instrumen tes yang sama. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri atas butir soal uraian untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kreatif, soal pilihan ganda untuk mengukur keterampilan proses sains, dan lembar observasi untuk melihat keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Data pre test dan post test diolah menggunakan bantuan program SPSS 20 for Windows. Hasil analisis data menunjukan bahwa keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses sains pada kelas eksperimen baik secara keseluruhan maupun pada setiap indikatornya mengalami peningkatan yang lebih baik dibanding siswa kelas kontrol. Adapun peningkatan secara keseluruhan untuk keterampilan berpikir kreatif yaitu sebesar 0,58 sedangkan peningkatan keterampilan proses sains yaitu sebesar 0,56 dimana keduanya berada pada kategori sedang. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan keterampilan proses siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran berbasis masalah (PBM) lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran bukan PBM. ---------- This study based on education in elementary school is still low in implementing creative thinking ability and science process ability. Based on these reason, the purpose of this research to describe an overview of the impact of problem based learning on creative thinking ability and science process ability. To a chieve these objektive the study used quasi exsperimental method with pre and post test design. The subjek were students of class V in Majalengka one vocational school year 2014/2015. Which 24 student in experimental class and 24 student in control class. In this design, the exsperimental class treated with problem based learning, whereas the untreated control class non problem based learning. Both groups were given a pre-test and post-test using the same test instruments. The instrument used consisted of items description for measuring creative thinking skills, multiple choice questions to measure the science process skills, and the observation sheet to see the feasibility study. Pre-test and post test is processed using SPSS 20 for Windows. The results showed the impact of problem based learning can improve creative thinking ability (N-gain 0,58) and science process ability (N-gain 0,56). Results of this study can be concluded that an increase in creative thinking skills ability and science process ability of the students who received problem-based learning was better than the students who get non problem based learning