1,967 research outputs found
VoodooFlash: authoring across physical and digital form
Design tools that integrate hardware and software components facilitate product design work across aspects of physical form and user interaction, but at the cost of requiring designers to work with other than their accustomed programming tools. In this paper we introduce VoodooFlash, a tool designed to build on the widespread use of Flash while facilitating design work across physical and digital components. VoodooFlash extends the existing practice of authoring interactive applications in terms of arranging components on a virtual stage, and provides a physical stage on which controls can be arranged, linked to software components, and appropriated with other physical design materials
A versatile maskless microscope projection photolithography system and its application in light-directed fabrication of DNA microarrays
We present a maskless microscope projection lithography system (MPLS), in
which photomasks have been replaced by a Digital Micromirror Device type
spatial light modulator (DMD, Texas Instruments). Employing video projector
technology high resolution patterns, designed as bitmap images on the computer,
are displayed using a micromirror array consisting of about 786000 tiny
individually addressable tilting mirrors. The DMD, which is located in the
image plane of an infinity corrected microscope, is projected onto a substrate
placed in the focal plane of the microscope objective. With a 5x(0.25 NA) Fluar
microscope objective, a fivefold reduction of the image to a total size of 9
mm2 and a minimum feature size of 3.5 microns is achieved. Our system can be
used in the visible range as well as in the near UV (with a light intensity of
up to 76 mW/cm2 around the 365 nm Hg-line). We developed an inexpensive and
simple method to enable exact focusing and controlling of the image quality of
the projected patterns. Our MPLS has originally been designed for the
light-directed in situ synthesis of DNA microarrays. One requirement is a high
UV intensity to keep the fabrication process reasonably short. Another demand
is a sufficient contrast ratio over small distances (of about 5 microns). This
is necessary to achieve a high density of features (i.e. separated sites on the
substrate at which different DNA sequences are synthesized in parallel fashion)
while at the same time the number of stray light induced DNA sequence errors is
kept reasonably small. We demonstrate the performance of the apparatus in
light-directed DNA chip synthesis and discuss its advantages and limitations.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, journal articl
Studies on the Biosynthesis of γ–Decalactone in Sporobolomyces odorus
Incubation of racemic ethyl [2,2-2H2]-(E)-3,4-epoxydecanoate and the corresponding acid with intact cells of Sporobolomyces odorus led to the formation of deuterium labeled Îł-decalaetone. The detection of labeled 2-decen-4-olide and 4-oxodecanoic acid made it possiÂble to propose the biogenetic sequence leading to Îł-decalactone. The determination of the en antiomeric ratio of the lactone revealed an unspecific metabolism of the precursor. In contrast to the (E)-isomer, after administration of ethyl [5,6-2H2]-(Z)-3,4-epoxydeeanoate no transforÂmation could be detected. These results indicate that (E)-3,4-epoxydecanoic acid, formed from (E)-3-decenoyl-CoA , an intermediate of the β-oxidation of linoleic acid, is the genuine precurÂsor in the biosynthesis of Îł-decalactone
On-line analytical processing in distributed data warehouses
The concepts of 'data warehousing' and 'on-line analytical processing' have seen a growing interest in the research and commercial product community. Today, the trend moves away from complex centralized data warehouses to distributed data marts integrated in a common conceptual schema. However, as the first part of this paper demonstrates, there are many problems and little solutions for large distributed decision support systems in worldwide operating corporations. After showing the benefits and problems of the distributed approach, this paper outlines possibilities for achieving performance in distributed online analytical processing. Finally, the architectural framework of the prototypical distributed OLAP system CUBESTAR is outlined
Dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin-8-ones: synthesis, estrogen receptor affinities, and cytostatic activity
A number of acetoxy-substituted dibenzo[a,g]quinolizin-8-ones were
synthesized by the reaction of 1-oxoisoquinolines with substituted homophthalic acid
anhydride. All of the derivatives with acetoxy groups in positions 3 and 10 bind to the
estrogen receptor. Relative binding affinities (RBA) ranged from 1.8 to 5.6 (estradiol:
RBA = 100) when the substituent at C-6 was a short alkyl group. Introduction of
additional oxygen functions in the 2- and/or 11-position decreased binding affinities.
Analyses of the enantiomers of 6-methyl (6b) and 6-ethyl (6c) derivatives revealed that
the receptor binding is mainly due to one optical isomer (e.g. (-)-6b, 9.9; (+)-6b, 0.6).
In hormone-sensitive human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, compounds with one acetoxy
group in each aromatic ring strongly inhibited cellular growth. Despite marked differences
in receptor affinity, the enantiomers displayed similar activities in this cell
culture. In hormone-independent MDA-MB 231 mammary tumor cells, only a weak
cytostatic effect was recorded at 10-5 M. In the immature mouse uterine weight test,
minimal estrogenic activity was observed. At higher doses, a significant anti-estrogenic
effect became evident. It is assumed that the estrogen antagonism is responsible for
the specific cytostatic effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Query optimization by using derivability in a data warehouse environment
Materialized summary tables and cached query results are frequently used for the optimization of aggregate queries in a data warehouse. Query rewriting techniques are incorporated into database systems to use those materialized views and thus avoid the access of the possibly huge raw data. A rewriting is only possible if the query is derivable from these views. Several approaches can be found in the literature to check the derivability and find query rewritings. The specific application scenario of a data warehouse with its multidimensional perspective allows the consideration of much more semantic information, e.g. structural dependencies within the dimension hierarchies and different characteristics of measures. The motivation of this article is to use this information to present conditions for derivability in a large number of relevant cases which go beyond previous approaches
Bone sarcoma cumulative tumor rates in patients injected with 224Ra
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