The Binormal Hypothesis of Specific Learning Disabilities

The concept of specific learning disabilities has its roots in the medical literature of the nineteenth century. According to the medical model the cause of specific learning disabilities are presumed to lie in specific cognitive dysfunctions. This hypothesis predicts two qualitatively distinct types of learner and a bimodal distribution of assessment scores. Evidence for bimodality has been sought in the distribution of residuals generated from the regression of standardised measures of attainment on IQ, however this technique has been widely criticised. Recent advances in computer adaptive assessment, coupled with Rasch interval level measurement, have opened up the possibility of seeking evidence for bimodality in the distribution of assessment scores directly. In the present study the binormal distribution was developed as a model for describing bimodality. The binormal distribution is conceived as two superimposed normal distributions and is defined by five parameters. The algebraic relationship between the five parameters was first determined, and then a methodology was developed for deriving objective estimates of those parameters. The methodology was applied to a unique dataset of over 80,000 children aged between seven and eleven years of age, and across four assessment domains; picture vocabulary, reading, mathematics and arithmetic. The methodology was found to be sensitive to factors that might influence the shape of the distribution of assessment scores such as gender, number of years of schooling, and ceiling effects, and this affected its utility. Nevertheless evidence was found for the existence two qualitatively distinct groups of reader. The pattern in these results was consistent with a developmental transition from beginning to fluent reader. Evidence was also found for a developmental lag between boys and girls, which would explain the higher prevalence of dyslexia reported for boys in many studies. The methodology produced inconsistent results when applied to the other assessments, and no evidence was found to either confirm or disprove the existence of specific dysfunctions as predicted by the medical model

Fortran Programmes for Axisymmetric Potential Flow Around Closed and Semi-Infinite Bodies

Two programmes are presented in I.C.L. FORTRAN, for the pressure distribution on the surface of an arbitary body of revolution in axisymmetric, incompressible flow. One programme evaluates the pressure distribution on an arbitary closed body of revolutlon. The second deals with a body which has a parallel afterbody extending to infinity downstream. Listings for each programme are given in the Appendicies. Results from both programmes are presented and their accuracy is demonstrated. The range of bodies for which the programmes work is also shown. Replaces A.R.C.32,34

Brockport GaGa Ball Thesis

As each student takes on the responsibility of being accepted into The College at Brockport Honors College, they are required to have an understanding of the curriculum in order to graduate. The College at Brockport Honors College requires each student to complete a thesis as their capstone project.NASUNY BrockportHonors CollegeBSCollier, Dougla

Roman roads in the changing landscape of eastern England c.AD410 – 1850

Roman roads are one of the most important legacies of the Roman period in Britain and many of the routes that they define still remain in use today. Although they have long been the subject of academic research, their history since the end of the Roman period has been largely overlooked. By studying the use, significance, and survival and loss of Roman roads in parts of eastern England between the fifth and mid nineteenth centuries this thesis directly addresses the gap in the existing literature. The survival of Roman roads is intrinsically linked to the continued existence and significance of their destinations, be they former Roman settlements or new (urban or religious) locales. Whilst destinations continued to function the roads leading to them also remained in use. When destinations failed the roads ceased to serve as long-distance routes and became prone to fragmentation and loss. The initial breakdown of the Roman road network commenced as part of wider societal and landscape changes in the eighth century when former Roman settlements finally ceased to function. Sections of some Roman roads continue to be used as local roads today but countless more were probably removed during the post-medieval enclosure process. Roman roads have significantly influenced the development of the landscape through which they pass by acting as foci for burials, settlements, churches and economic activity. They have also functioned as boundaries, most notably those of medieval parishes – a role which influenced the continued use of some roads. The relationships between Roman roads and the surrounding landscape, and the factors affecting their survival and loss, examined in this thesis are also applicable to roads of other periods. Consequently the findings presented here not only advance our knowledge of Roman roads but also have wider implications for English landscape history

PEMBUATAN RENCANA KEAMANAN INFORMASI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS DAN MITIGASI RISIKO TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

An information security plan consists of strategies and shared responsibility, the main aim is to reduce the risk of a potential threat to the company's operations. If the security plan is not based on the results of risk analysis, can cause weakness in the strategy to anticipate the threat of disruption and attacks on corporate assets. Weak strategy, caused by the process of identifying weaknesses and vulnerabilities of information technology is not done properly. Instead of the security plan should be based on the results of analysis and information technology risk mitigation, so that the security of the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the risks identified through risk analysis and mitigation. The process of risk analysis in addition to producing the identification of risk, also providing recommendations appropriate security controls with the risk would be reduced. The recommended security controls on risk analysis, will then be evaluated from the aspects of effectiveness and efficiency in reducing any risk, the risk mitigation process, so that this process will provide a strong foundation in information security plan to determine an overall, effective and efficient, since it is based with the impelementasinya priority. Sebuah rencana keamanan informasi terdiri atas strategi dan pembagian tanggungjawab, yang bertujuan utama untuk menurunkan risiko yang berpotensi menjadi ancaman terhadap operasional perusahaan. Jika penyusunan rencana keamanan tidak berdasarkan hasil analisis risiko, akan dapat menyebabkan lemahnya strategi dalam mengantisipasi ancaman gangguan dan serangan terhadap aset perusahaan. Lemahnya strategi tersebut, disebabkan oleh proses identifikasi kelemahan dan kerawanan teknologi informasi yang tidak dilakukan dengan baik. Sebaliknya dalam penyusunan rencana keamanan seharusnya didasari oleh hasil analisis dan mitigasi risiko teknologi informasi, agar strategi keamanan yang diusulkan dapat secara efektif menurunkan risiko yang telah diidentifikasi melalui analisis dan mitigasi risiko. Proses analisis risiko selain menghasilkan identifikasi risiko, juga memberikan rekomendasi kontrol keamanan yang sesuai dengan risiko yang akan diturunkan. Kontrol keamanan yang direkomendasikan pada analisis risiko, selanjutnya akan dinilai kembali dari aspek efektivitas dan efisiensi dalam menurunkan setiap risiko, pada proses mitigasi risiko, sehingga proses ini akan memberikan dasar yang kuat dalam menentukan rencana keamanan informasi yang menyeluruh, efektif dan efisien, karena didasarkan dengan prioritas implementasinya. Kata kunci: Analisis risiko, Mitigasi risiko, Rencana Keamanan Informas

Brockport GaGa Ball Thesis

N/ANASUNY BrockportHonors CollegeN/ABSBusch, Austi

Teachers’ Perceptions and Students’ Performances of Fundamental Motor Skills Using the “Ladders to Success”

The development of fundamental motor skills is essential for youth’s ability to participate efficiently in physical activity. Their levels of daily physical activity and motor skills, however, both in and out of the K-12 Physical Education setting have been slowly decreasing over the past decades (Friel et al., 2020). In Physical Education, teachers are tasked with the assessment of students’ motor skills (as reflected by SHAPE’s 2020 National Learning Standard as well as students’ progress toward meeting program goals. The field of physical education, though, lacks practical assessment tools that teachers can use to easily and efficiently measure students’ progress in these areas. Therefore, this exploratory, mixed methods study assessed select students’ abilities to perform the fundamental skills of overhand throwing, jumping rope, striking with a paddle, and kicking while using the respective “Ladders to Success” (Graham et al., 2023). Quantitative data was collected from 22 fifth-grade students, and their two physical education teachers were then interviewed to gain their qualitative perceptions about their students’ motor abilities. Results show that students who participated in this study do not appear, overall, to have the necessary fundamental motor skills needed to be successful in a variety of physical activities commonly found in childhood. Boys were overall more successful than girls in completing a majority of the given tasks. Teachers believe that the increased use of technology, COVID-19, and a lack of family involvement, and play contribute to children lacking these necessary fundamental motor skills. They also believe that the “Ladders to Success” provides both benefits and challenges for use in a physical education setting. Recommendations for future research include the replication of this study in a variety of contexts across the United States as well as to determine if similar similarities and differences of results continue to be found.AMSUNY BrockportDepartment of Education and Human DevelopmentMSHopple, Christin

PEMBUATAN RENCANA MITIGASI RISIKO BERDASARKAN ANALISIS DAN PENILAIAN RISIKO TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI PERUSAHAAN LOGISTIK

Abstrak : Analisis dan Penilaian risiko akan memberikan informasi tentang profil risiko, serta rekomendasi kontrol keamanan, yang dapat menurunkan risiko gangguan keamanan informasi di sebuah perusahaan. Profil risiko diperoleh berdasarkan hasil identifikasi kelemahan, ancaman dan kecenderungan, yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan. Penelitian ini akan mengambil objek penelitian yaitu sebuah perusahaan logistik. Perusahaan logistik dengan core business layanan bongkar muat barang, mengelola informasi-informasi yang kritikal dan sensitif, yang harus dilindungi dengan penerapan kontrol keamanan. Implementasikan kontrol keamanan pada sebagian besar perusahaan logistik, dilakukan secara adhoc, yaitu berdasarkan kebutuhan sementara, atau anggaran yang tersedia. Hal ini menyebabkan kontrol keamanan tidak mampu meredam risiko secara efektif dan efisien. Pada proses pembuatan rencana mitigasi risiko, yang dilakukan berdasarkan hasil analisis dan penilaian risiko, terdapat tahap evaluasi dan analisis. Evaluasi dilakukan untuk menilai kesesuaian kontrol terhadap kelemahan atau kerawanan yang akan dihilangkan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan ialah analisis cost-effectiveness dan cost-benefit. Evaluasi dan analisis yang dilakukan terhadap rekomendasi kontrol keamanan, akan menjadi sebuah rencana mitigasi risiko yang lengkap dan komprehensif, karena akan memberikan prioritas implementasi kontrol-kontrol keamanan, dalam upaya menurunkan risiko pada perusahaan logistik, secara efektif dan efisien. Kata Kunci : Risk management, Risk Assessment, Risk Mitigation