Il patto di famiglia: un contratto "poliedrico" a ratio speciale

Il presente elaborato analizza il contratto denominato "patto di famiglia" sotto quattro profili fondamentali: il rapporto con l'ordinamento giuridico nel suo complesso, l'analisi funzionale e strutturale dell'istituto, il momento patologico e delle sopravvenienze attinenti al contratto. L'opera si propone di ricercare un'interpretazione improntata alla ragionevolezza, in modo da consentire un'applicazione sistematicamente coerente e agevolare l'operato dei notai in sede di stipula. Tutto ciò impone la considerazione del conflitto tra istanze equitative a favore dei legittimari e libertà dispositiva di imprenditori e titolari di partecipazioni societarie, risolubile soltanto mediante un'attenta ricostruzione dei fondamenti della disciplina vigente, in aggiunta, eventualmente, a proposte de jure condendo. Tuttavia, prima di auspicare un intervento legislativo, dovere dell'interprete è quello di collegare i tasselli dell'istituto, in ossequio alla coerenza logica dell'ordinamento giuridico: l'istituto in esame, peraltro, rappresenta una miniera di ricerca sperimentale per il giurista, attesi i notevoli collegamenti multidisciplinari insiti nello stesso, cosicché risulta ancora più importante stabilire un'ermeneusi che tenga conto della ricchezza del sistema civilistico italiano e ne custodisca l’armonia assiologica

Grape by-products: extraction of polyphenolic compounds using supercritical CO2 and liquid organic solvent - a preliminary investigation.

This research focussed on the exploitation of grape by-products as a source of polyphenolic compounds, which are of interest to the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In particular, two substrates were tested: Pinot Noir grape skins and grape seeds. Pinot Noir grape skins were extracted by supercritical CO2 added with ethanol as modifier at constant temperature (45 °C) and at variable pressure (200, 300, 400 or 500 bar). The supercritical extraction kinetics of polyphenolic compounds was obtained. Grape seeds were extracted by combining supercritical (at 40 °C and 500 bar and using CO2 or CO2 added with ethanol as modifier) with liquid ethanol extraction. The supercritical technique seemed not to be really effective in extracting polyphenolic compounds; it can be anyway utilized to selectively extract grape seed oil by avoiding any solvent contamination of the matrix which can be further extracted for the recovery of polyphenolic compounds by means of liquid organic solvent

Microalgae growth using winery wastewater for energetic and environmental purposes

Winery wastewater (WWW), produced by winemaking activities (cleaning, transferring and storage operations), is an aqueous solution containing ethanol, organic acids, sugars, aldehydes, other microbial metabolites, soaps and detergents. Nowadays, innovative wastewater treatment processes are based on bacterial and yeast species while the role of microalgae is still unclear. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis and Chlorella vulgaris are unicellular prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms, respectively, which can be easily grown even in non-optimal conditions. Several studies reported that the amount and quality of lipids contained in microalgal cells can differ as an outcome of changes in growth conditions or growth medium characteristics (concentration of carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, iron, etc.). In this study, we investigated the influence of different concentrations of WWW (20, 40 and 60 % v/v of the medium) on the growth and chemical composition of those photosynthetic microorganisms. Microalgae were grown into vertical glass bubblers (250 mL). The biomass concentration was quantified daily by measuring the optical density at 560 and 625 nm for A. platensis and C. vulgaris, respectively. Total Carbon and total Nitrogen concentrations, both in the media (mg/L) and in microalga biomass (g/100g), were monitored by a CHNS-O analyser. In order to quantify the influence of WWW-enrich media on the lipid concentration and composition, biomass was collected at the beginning of the stationary phase and the lipid fraction was extracted. Results suggested that the two tested microalgae can growth in media enriched with WWW and the total Nitrogen concentrations decreased up to 90 and 100 % for A. platensis and C. vulgaris, respectively. In conclusion, WWW could be successfully used for the growth of the tested microalgae, leading to a reduction of the environmental impact of this wastewater

Deoxygenation of non-edible vegetable oil to produce hydrocarbons over Mg-Al mixed oxides

none7noopenRomero, Max; Pizzi, Andrea; Toscano, Giuseppe; Casazza, Alessandro Alberto; Busca, Guido; Bosio, Barbara; Arato, ElisabettaRomero, Max; Pizzi, Andrea; Toscano, Giuseppe; Casazza, Alessandro Alberto; Busca, Guido; Bosio, Barbara; Arato, Elisabett

Synthesis and characterization of a polyester/styrene resin obtained by frontal polymerization

AbstractThe frontal polymerization technique has been successfully applied, for the first time, to obtain an unsaturated polyester/styrene resin. The effect of the ratio of the two aforementioned components, as well as of the type and amount of free-radical initiator on both front velocity and maximum temperature reached by the front, has been thoroughly studied. The resulting products have been characterized in terms of their thermal and dynamic-mechanical behaviour. A comparison of such products with the corresponding materials obtained by the classical batch polymerization technique has evidenced that frontal polymerization allows to reach a higher degree of crosslinking with respect to batch copolymerization and hence a better thermal and mechanical behaviour

Innovative Treatment of Digestate and Biogas Upgrade Using Chlorella Vulgaris

In the era of energy transition, the research efforts are devoted to find sustainable solutions to enable the transition to a decarbonised energy and production system, by renewable energy sources promoting products circularity, green technologies and safer processes. Anaerobic digestion is a bioprocess involving organic substrate breakdown by various microbial species in the oxygen absence. It yields two valuable products: digestate and biogas. Digestate can be used as fertilizer after stabilization and reduction of its polluting load. Through an upgrading process, biogas can be converted into biomethane, a widely utilized resource in energy and transportation. In this study, a non-conventional method has been investigated to achieve simultaneous biomethane production and reduction of digestate polluting power using Chlorella vulgaris, resulting in two valuable products. A 6-liter anaerobic digester was fed with simulated municipal organic waste every 3 days. Biogas was fed into a photobioreactor, where C. vulgaris was cultivated under mixotrophic conditions, utilizing CO2 from biogas as a carbon source. Biogas was converted into biomethane with over 90% methane content, while digestate was treated in the same photobioreactor, reducing its chemical oxygen demand (COD) by up to 80%. Using CO2 from biogas, maximum cell concentration of 1.332 g/L, maximum specific growth rate of 0.091 day-1 and biomass productivity of 0.057 gBS/L d were obtained at 70 µmol/m2 s. Biogas was analyzed by gas chromatography, and digestate was assessed for suspended solids, total solids, and COD. After cultivation, biomass was harvested, dehydrated, and characterized for total lipids and calorific value. Combining both approaches transforms waste into valuable biomethane and microalgal biomass, supporting the zero-waste objective

Comparison of Two Core Biopsy Techniques Before and After Laparoscopic Cryoablation of Small Renal Cortical Neoplasms

A pre-ablation standard biopsy technique resulted in the most accurate pathologic diagnosis for patients undergoing cryoablation for renal cortical neoplasms

Fermentacija mlijeka obogaćenog mljevenom kominom grožđa s pomoću bakterije Lactobacillus acidophilus

Some by-products of wine industry still contain nutrients and functional compounds that make them potential ingredients to formulate new high value-added food products. The aim of this study is to develop milk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus fortified with marc flour of different cultivars of Vitis vinifera from wine production and to evaluate their influence on fermentation kinetics, probiotic counts, phenolic compounds, sugar content and antioxidant activity. The acidification time was significantly shortened by these enrichments (by up to 2.7 h), and the bacterial count during cold storage resulted in stronger fortification of samples (up to 4.13 %) when compared to control tests. Fermented milk containing grape marc showed considerable amounts of phenolic compounds with notable antioxidant activity, as well as significant amounts of total sugars. The most important aspect of this paper is the feasibility of using winery by-products, rich in phenolic compounds, as natural supplements to fortify probiotic-fermented milk.Neki nusproizvodi u proizvodnji vina sadržavaju hranjive i funkcionalne tvari, pa se mogu upotrijebiti za razvoj novih prehrambenih proizvoda s dodanom vrijednošću. Svrha je ovoga rada bila proizvesti mlijeko obogaćeno mljevenom kominom različitih sorata grožđa i fermentirano s pomoću bakterije Lactobacillus acidophilus, te odrediti utjecaj dodatka komine na kinetiku fermentacije, broj probiotičkih mikroorganizama, udjele fenolnih spojeva i šećera, te antioksidativnu aktivnost fermentiranog mlijeka. Vrijeme fermentacije obogaćenog mlijeka znatno se smanjilo (do 2,7 h), a broj bakterija tijekom skladištenja u hladnjaku povećao (do 4,13 %) u usporedbi s kontrolnim uzorkom. Fermentirano je mlijeko obogaćeno mljevenom kominom grožđa imalo veće udjele fenolnih spojeva i ukupnih šećera, te izraženiju antioksidativnu aktivnost. Najveći je značaj ovog istraživanja u tome što dokazuje da se nusproizvodi vinske industrije bogati fenolnim spojevima mogu upotrijebiti kao prirodni dodaci mlijeku fermentiranom s pomoću probiotika

Glacial vicariance drives phylogeographic diversification in the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima

Glacial vicariance is regarded as one of the most prevalent drivers of phylogeographic structure and speciation among high-latitude organisms, but direct links between ice advances and range fragmentation have been more difficult to establish in marine than in terrestrial systems. Here we investigate the evolution of largely disjunct (and potentially reproductively isolated) phylogeographic lineages within the amphi-boreal kelp Saccharina latissima s.l. Using molecular data (COI, microsatellites) we confirm that S. latissima comprises also the NE Pacific S. cichorioides complex and is composed of divergent lineages with limited range overlap and genetic admixture. Only a few genetic hybrids were detected throughout a Canadian Arctic/NW Greenland contact zone. The degree of genetic differentiation and sympatric isolation of phylogroups suggest that S. latissima s.l. represents a complex of incipient species. Phylogroup distributions compared with paleo-environmental reconstructions of the cryosphere further suggest that diversification within S. latissima results from chronic glacial isolation in disjunct persistence areas intercalated with ephemeral interglacial poleward expansions and admixture at high-latitude (Arctic) contact zones. This study thus supports a role for glaciations not just in redistributing pre-existing marine lineages but also as a speciation pump across multi-glacial cycles for marine organisms otherwise exhibiting cosmopolite amphi-boreal distributions.Pew Foundation (USA); Portuguese FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) through program GENEKELP [PTDC/MAR-EST/6053/2014]; Portuguese FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) through program MARFOR [Biodiversa/0004/2015]; Portuguese FCT (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) [UID/Multi/04326/2013, SFRH/BPD/88935/2012, SFRH/BPD/111003/2015]; NSERC; FRQNT; Canada Foundation for Innovation; New Brunswick Innovation Foundation; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme [226248]; Danish Environmental Protection Agency within the Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic (DANCEA)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio