Effects of a 10 km race on physiological and immunological responses

Introduction: The number of 10 km running races has been increasing in Brazil and the number of finishers almost triplicated in the last decade. However, there is limited amount of data showing the relationship between this event and the immune system response. Aim: Investigate the effects of a 10 km running race on physiological and immunological response in healthy well trained male volunteers. Methods: Fourteen male participants (32,21 ± 10,24 years old, 78,80 ± 9,30 kg) took part in this study. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), visual analog scale (VAS), heart rate (HR) and blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after the race. Lactate, glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as leukocyte number and subpopulation of T cell (CD4+ and CD8+) were analyzed. Results: Participants completed this race in 49,85 ± 7,04 min. There was a significant increase post-race compared to pre-race for HR (67 ± 9 to 159 ± 21 bpm), RPE (6 ± 0 to 15 ± 2) and lactate (3.6 to 6.6 mmol/dL). Glucose levels did not present any significant changes. CK level did not change immediately after the race, but was higher (131,21 ± 62,50 to 286,85 ± 234,35 U/L ) at the 24 h post-race time point. CRP was lower at 24 h (8,37 ± 2,23 to 4,50 ± 2,28 mg/dL). VAS values changed from 0 (before) to 5,64 ± 2,20 (immediately after) to 2,21 ± 2,86 (24 hours). The number of circulating leukocyte (5,83 ± 0,89 to 9,15 ± 1,77 103/µL), neutrophil (2,96 ± 0,49 to 4,34 ± 0,73 103/µL), lymphocyte (2,21 ± 0,57 to 3,92 ± 1,27 103/µL), monocyte (0,46 ± 0,10 to 0,64 ± 0,23 103/µL) and basophil (0,05 ± 0,02 to 0,09 ± 0,03 103/µL) increased significantly immediately after the race, returning to the basal level in 24 h. There was no difference in circulating eosinophils number. The absolute number of CD4+ (828,5 ± 215,8 to 1063,2 ± 235,3 cell/µL) and CD8+ (766,92 ± 347,79 to 1470,30 ± 782,90 cell/µL) also increased immediately after the race returning to basal in 24 h. Significant reduction of the CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulation ratio (1,21 ± 0,45 to 0,85 ± 0,33 cell/µL) was observed post-race returning to basal level at 24 h post-race. Results are presented as mean ± SD. (p\u3c0,0001). Conclusion: These results suggest that a 10 km running race is an intense physical activity and induces physiological changes. In addition, intense running provokes a significantly, although transient, modulation of the immune system, specifically of leukocyte sub-population

Enfrentando desafios da formação docente na pós-graduação: descrição de uma experiência

This manuscript presents description and analysis of the pedagogical practice, illustrating the challenges of preparing teacher for higher education. The text dialogues with elements concerning teacher training and the guidelines of legislation related to these themes, as a way to contextualize the discussion. Specifically, this description shares with the reader the entire process of design, development, implementation and evaluation of the discipline Supervised Teaching Practice, at a graduate program of the biological area at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The findings show that the pedagogical training is both necessary and possible in all graduate level courses, combining the practical activities inherent to the teaching stage in undergraduate classes, with theoretical-practical discussions and reflections on teaching. That way brings benefits for the graduate students and future teachers as well as the undergraduate students.Este artigo apresenta descrição e análise da prática pedagógica, buscando trazer contribuições ao enfren-tamento do desafio da formação docente para o ensino superior. O texto dialoga com elementos acerca da formação docente e com diretrizes da legislação em torno dessa temática, como forma de contextualizar a discussão. No relato da experiência, compartilha-se com o leitor todo o processo de concepção, desen-volvimento, aplicação e avaliação de uma disciplina de Estágio Didático de um programa de pós-graduação da área biológica na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. As conclusões demonstram que é necessário e possível a formação pedagógica em cursos de mestrado e doutorado, aliando as atividades práticas ine-rentes ao estágio docente em turmas de graduação, com discussões e reflexões teórico-práticas sobre a docência. Esse formato traz benefícios tanto para os alunos da pós-graduação, futuros docentes, quanto para os alunos da graduação.   &nbsp

MONITORAMENTO DO PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DA ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO

This study monitored and analyzed the achievement goals agreed under the Strategic Planning for Physical Education School at Federal University of Ouro Preto during 18 months of implementation. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mentors and 3 student representatives. Content analysis was used, resulting in four categories: a) preliminary results obtained; b) instrument capabilities; c) barriers and confrontations; d) improvement proposals. Actions to achieve most goals had been initiated, but none was completed. The global pandemic context (COVID-19) had a significant impact on the results. The study monitored the management tool, considering the importance of implementing mechanisms for systematic evaluation of institutional performance indicators. It is expected that the perceived potential will be strengthened, barriers will be overcome, and proposals for improvement will be collectively discussed to develop the institution. Monitorear y analizar la ejecución de las metas pactadas en la Planificación Estratégica de la Escuela de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Ouro Preto, en los 18 primeros meses de implementación. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas con 12 mentores y tres estudiantes representantes estudiantiles. Se utilizo el análisis de contenido, lo que posibilitó delinear cuatro categorías: a) resultados preliminares obtenidos; b) potencial del instrumento; c) barreras y enfrentamientos; d) propuestas de mejora. Se observó que la mayoría de las metas tenían acciones iniciadas, pero ninguna concluida. Es de destacar que el contexto de pandemia mundial (COVID-19) tuvo un impacto significativo sobre los resultados. El estudio presenta un carácter de monitoreo en relación a la herramienta de gestión, considerando la relevancia de implementar mecanismos para la evaluación sistematizada de los indicadores de desempeño institucionales. Se espera que se fortalezca el potencial percibido, se superen barreras y se discutan colectivamente propuestas de mejora con el objetivo de desarrollar la institución. Monitorar e analisar a execução das metas pactuadas no Planejamento Estratégico da Escola de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, nos 18 primeiros meses de implementação. Realizaram-se 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 mentores e três discentes que ocupam representações estudantis. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo, possibilitando delineamento de quatro categorias: a) resultados preliminares obtidos; b) potencialidades do instrumento; c) barreiras e enfrentamentos; d) propostas de aperfeiçoamento. Observou-se que a maioria das metas teve ações norteadoras iniciadas, mas nenhuma concluída. Ressalta-se que o contexto da pandemia mundial (covid-19) exerceu significativo impacto, interferindo diretamente nos resultados. O estudo apresenta caráter de monitoramento em relação à ferramenta de gestão, tendo em vista a relevância de implementar mecanismos para avaliação sistematizada dos indicadores de desempenho institucionais. Espera-se que as potencialidades percebidas sejam fortalecidas, as barreiras sejam superadas e as propostas de aperfeiçoamento sejam discutidas coletivamente com a finalidade do desenvolvimento da instituição

double-blind crossover study

Background: to evaluate the effects of one week of supplementation with curcumin combined with piperine on physical performance, immune system cell counts, muscle damage, and plasma levels of inflammatory markers after a treadmill running training session. Methods: This study is a double-blind, crossover-balanced clinical trial with a three-week intervention. Sixteen male runners with a mean age of 36 ± 9 years and VO2 max of 60.6 ± 9.03 mL.kg −1 min −1 were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups: the first group (CPG) was supplemented daily for 7 days with 500 mg of curcumin + 20 mg piperine, and the second group (PG) was supplemented with 540 mg of cellulose. After the 7th day of supplementation, the volunteers participated in the experimental running protocol, where blood samples were collected before, after, and one hour after exercise for analysis of the number of leukocytes, creatine kinase, and cytokine concentration (IL-2, TNF-α, IFN, IL-6, and IL-10) using flow cytometry. This process was repeated, reversing the supplementation offered to the groups. Results: curcumin and piperine supplementation could not change the physical performance, immune cell counts, and muscle damage; however, the aerobic fatiguing exercise protocol inhibited the elevation of the plasmatic levels of some cytokines. The running exercise protocol could elevate the circulating levels of IL-2 (from 49.7 to 59.3 pg/mL), TNF-α (from 48.5 to 51.5 pg/mL), INF (from 128.8 to 165.0 pg/mL), IL-6 (from 63.1 to 77.3 pg/mL), and IL-10 (from 48.9 to 59.6 pg/mL) 1 h after the end of the running protocol. However, the curcumin and piperine supplementation could inhibit this elevation. Conclusions: curcumin and piperine supplementation had no effect on physical performance, immune cell counts, or muscle damage; however, the supplementation could modulate the kinetics of IL-2, TNF-α, INF, IL-6, and IL-10 1 h after the end of exercise.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

Oxidants, Antioxidants, and the Beneficial Roles of Exercise-Induced Production of Reactive Species

This review offers an overview of the influence of reactive species produced during exercise and their effect on exercise adaptation. Reactive species and free radicals are unstable molecules that oxidize other molecules in order to become stable. Although they play important roles in our body, they can also lead to oxidative stress impairing diverse cellular functions. During exercise, reactive species can be produced mainly, but not exclusively, by the following mechanisms: electron leak at the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ischemia/reperfusion and activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase, inflammatory response, and autooxidation of catecholamines. Chronic exercise also leads to the upregulation of the body's antioxidant defence mechanism, which helps minimize the oxidative stress that may occur after an acute bout of exercise. Recent studies show a beneficial role of the reactive species, produced during a bout of exercise, that lead to important training adaptations: angiogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis, and muscle hypertrophy. The adaptations occur depending on the mechanic, and consequently biochemical, stimulus within the muscle. This is a new area of study that promises important findings in the sphere of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the relationship between oxidative stress and exercise

MONITORAMENTO DO PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DA ESCOLA DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE OURO PRETO

This study monitored and analyzed the achievement goals agreed under the Strategic Planning for Physical Education School at Federal University of Ouro Preto during 18 months of implementation. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mentors and 3 student representatives. Content analysis was used, resulting in four categories: a) preliminary results obtained; b) instrument capabilities; c) barriers and confrontations; d) improvement proposals. Actions to achieve most goals had been initiated, but none was completed. The global pandemic context (COVID-19) had a significant impact on the results. The study monitored the management tool, considering the importance of implementing mechanisms for systematic evaluation of institutional performance indicators. It is expected that the perceived potential will be strengthened, barriers will be overcome, and proposals for improvement will be collectively discussed to develop the institution. Monitorear y analizar la ejecución de las metas pactadas en la Planificación Estratégica de la Escuela de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Ouro Preto, en los 18 primeros meses de implementación. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas con 12 mentores y tres estudiantes representantes estudiantiles. Se utilizo el análisis de contenido, lo que posibilitó delinear cuatro categorías: a) resultados preliminares obtenidos; b) potencial del instrumento; c) barreras y enfrentamientos; d) propuestas de mejora. Se observó que la mayoría de las metas tenían acciones iniciadas, pero ninguna concluida. Es de destacar que el contexto de pandemia mundial (COVID-19) tuvo un impacto significativo sobre los resultados. El estudio presenta un carácter de monitoreo en relación a la herramienta de gestión, considerando la relevancia de implementar mecanismos para la evaluación sistematizada de los indicadores de desempeño institucionales. Se espera que se fortalezca el potencial percibido, se superen barreras y se discutan colectivamente propuestas de mejora con el objetivo de desarrollar la institución. Monitorar e analisar a execução das metas pactuadas no Planejamento Estratégico da Escola de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, nos 18 primeiros meses de implementação. Realizaram-se 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 mentores e três discentes que ocupam representações estudantis. Utilizou-se análise de conteúdo, possibilitando delineamento de quatro categorias: a) resultados preliminares obtidos; b) potencialidades do instrumento; c) barreiras e enfrentamentos; d) propostas de aperfeiçoamento. Observou-se que a maioria das metas teve ações norteadoras iniciadas, mas nenhuma concluída. Ressalta-se que o contexto da pandemia mundial (covid-19) exerceu significativo impacto, interferindo diretamente nos resultados. O estudo apresenta caráter de monitoramento em relação à ferramenta de gestão, tendo em vista a relevância de implementar mecanismos para avaliação sistematizada dos indicadores de desempenho institucionais. Espera-se que as potencialidades percebidas sejam fortalecidas, as barreiras sejam superadas e as propostas de aperfeiçoamento sejam discutidas coletivamente com a finalidade do desenvolvimento da instituição

The Pollutant Organotins Leads to Respiratory Disease by Inflammation: A Mini-Review

Organotins (OTs) are organometallic pollutants. The OTs are organometallic pollutants that are used in many industrial, agricultural, and domestic products, and it works as powerful biocidal compound against large types of microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. In addition, OTs are well known to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals, leading abnormalities an ?imposex? phenomenon in the female mollusks. There are some studies showing that OTs? exposure is responsible for neural, endocrine, and reproductive dysfunctions in vitro and in vivo models. However, OTs? effects over the mammalian immune system are poorly understood, particularly in respiratory diseases. The immune system, as well as their cellular components, performs a pivotal role in the control of the several physiologic functions, and in the maintenance and recovery of homeostasis. Thus, it is becoming important to better understand the association between environmental contaminants, as OTs, and the physiological function of immune system. There are no many scientific works studying the relationship between OTs and respiratory disease, especially about immune system activation. Herein, we reported studies in animal, humans, and in vitro models. We searched studies in PUBMED, LILACS, and Scielo platforms. Studies have reported that OTs exposure was able to suppress T helper 1 (Th1) and exacerbate T helper 2 (Th2) response in the immune system. In addition, OTs? contact could elevate in the airway inflammatory response, throughout a mechanism associated with the apoptosis of T-regulatory cells and increased oxidative stress response. In addition, OTs induce macrophage recruitment to the tissue, leading to the increased necrosis, which stimulates an inflammatory cytokines secretion exacerbating the local inflammation and tissue function loss. Thus, the main intention of this mini-review is to up to date the main findings involving the inflammatory profile (especially Th1 and Th2 response) in the respiratory tract as a result of OTs? exposure

Aerobic Training Modulates the Increase in Plasma Concentrations of Cytokines in response to a Session of Exercise

Acute physical exercise can modulate immune function. For example, acute exercise is known to increase the circulating concentration of cytokines. Exercise is also known to modulate immune function chronically. It is not known whether exercise training can result in training of the immune system. Here, we investigated the effects of six weeks of aerobic training on cytokine responses induced by acute exercise until fatigue. Twelve healthy men performed a fatiguing exercise at the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity. After the training period, the participants performed another bout of acute exercise at the same duration and intensity of the pretraining situation. The analysis was made at the beginning, end, and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes during the recovery period. Training at AT induced a gain of 11.2% of exercise capacity. Before training, a single bout of acute exercise induced a significant increase in plasma levels of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IL-10, CXCL10, BDNF, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin. After six weeks of aerobic training, levels of IL-6, sTNFR1, BDNF, and leptin increased to a lesser extent after an acute bout exercise at the same absolute intensity as the pretraining period. Responses to the same relative exercise intensity were similar to those observed before exercise. These results show that aerobic training is associated with training of acute immune responses to acute exercise until fatigue

Comparison of Post-Exercise Hypotension Responses in Paralympic Powerlifting Athletes after Completing Two Bench Press Training Intensities

Background and objective: Post-exercise hypotension, the reduction of blood pressure after a bout of exercise, is of great clinical relevance. Resistance exercise training is considered an important contribution to exercise training programs for hypertensive individuals and athletes. In this context, post-exercise hypotension could be clinically relevant because it would maintain blood pressure of hypertensive individuals transiently at lower levels during day-time intervals, when blood pressure is typically at its highest levels. The aim of this study was to compare the post-exercise cardiovascular effects on Paralympic powerlifting athletes of two typical high-intensity resistance-training sessions, using either five sets of five bench press repetitions at 90% 1 repetition maximum (1RM) or five sets of three bench press repetitions at 95% 1RM. Materials and Methods: Ten national-level Paralympic weightlifting athletes (age: 26.1 ± 6.9 years; body mass: 76.8 ± 17.4 kg) completed the two resistance-training sessions, one week apart, in a random order. Results: Compared with baseline values, a reduction of 5–9% in systolic blood pressure was observed after 90% and 95% of 1RM at 20–50 min post-exercise. Furthermore, myocardial oxygen volume and double product were only significantly increased immediately after and 5 min post-exercise, while the heart rate was significantly elevated after the resistance training but decreased to baseline level by 50 min after training for both training conditions. Conclusions: A hypotensive response can be expected in elite Paralympic powerlifting athletes after typical high-intensity type resistance-training sessions