Recognizing Emotions in a Foreign Language

Expressions of basic emotions (joy, sadness, anger, fear, disgust) can be recognized pan-culturally from the face and it is assumed that these emotions can be recognized from a speaker's voice, regardless of an individual's culture or linguistic ability. Here, we compared how monolingual speakers of Argentine Spanish recognize basic emotions from pseudo-utterances ("nonsense speech") produced in their native language and in three foreign languages (English, German, Arabic). Results indicated that vocal expressions of basic emotions could be decoded in each language condition at accuracy levels exceeding chance, although Spanish listeners performed significantly better overall in their native language ("in-group advantage"). Our findings argue that the ability to understand vocally-expressed emotions in speech is partly independent of linguistic ability and involves universal principles, although this ability is also shaped by linguistic and cultural variables

Rabies virus in a pregnant naturally infected southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega)

Current knowledge on bat lyssavirus infections in their native hosts is limited and little is known about the virulence, virus dissemination and transmission among free-living insectivorous bats. The present study is a brief description of rabies virus (RABV) dissemination in tissues of a naturally infected pregnant southern yellow bat (Lasiurus ega) and its fetuses, obtained by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The RT-PCR was positive in samples from the brain, salivary gland, tongue, lungs, heart, kidneys and liver. On the other hand, the placenta, three fetuses, spleen, intestine and brown fat tissue tested negative. This research demonstrated the absence of rabies virus in the fetuses, thus, in this specific case, the transplacentary transmission was not observed

Interval between first dose and booster affected antibody production in cattle vaccinated against rabies

In this study, we compared the levels of neutralizing antibodies induced by inactivated rabies vaccine in cattle by using three alternative immunization procedures. Forty-five bovines (breed nelore) were then organized in three groups (A, B and C, with 15 animals/group). Group A received only one vaccine dose at day zero and Group B received the first dose at day zero and then another dose at day 30 (early booster). Group C was also immunized with two doses; however, the booster was postponed until day 180 after the first dose (delayed booster). Blood samples were withdrawn at days zero (before the first dose) and 30, 210, 390, and 540 after the beginning of immunization and the antibody titers were evaluated by mouse neutralization test. The protocol used to immunize Group C (booster at day 180) was clearly more efficient. In this group, antibody levels were higher and also remained higher for longer periods in comparison with the other two groups. These results show that booster timing significantly affected antibody levels. Therefore, programs addressed to control this disease in cattle should consider not only the use of a booster but also its administration time

Teelt van spruitkool

De teelthandleiding geeft een algemene beschrijving van alle aspecten van de teelt van spruitkool: groei en ontwikkeling, grond, rassen, zaaien planten oogstplanning, bemesting, onkruidbestrijding, ziekten, plagen, wildschade, opbrengst, oogst, afleveren, afleveren en economie. De volgende aspecten in relatie tot de best practices worden belicht: - Perceelskeuze en aaltjes/schimmels - Vruchtwisseling minimaal 1 op 4 - Onkruidbestrijding, mechanisch Sleutelwoorden: PPO-agv, akkerbouw, tuinbouw, gewasbescherming, geïntegreerde bestrijding, groenteteelt, spruitjes, vollegrondsgroente, spruitkool, teelthandleidin

Survival of a newborn from a pregnant woman with rabies infection

BACKGROUND: Rabies is very common in People’s Republic of China. Each year thousands of people die because of this disease, but rabies diagnosed in pregnancy is very rare. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we report the case of a pregnant woman who was infected with the rabies virus after a dog bite. The symptoms of rabies appeared in labor and she died after pregnancy. Her baby and husband did not develop the disease. CONCLUSION: The phenomenon that the newborn infant was healthy may be related to the protective role of placenta in resisting the invasion of the rabies virus or the absence of systemic viremia. The prompt administration of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulin to the infant may have also contributed to his survival

Evaluación de la calidad de los reactivos que se utilizan en la tecnica de contrainmunoelectroforesis para la determinación de anticuerpos antirrábicos

En este estudio se comprobó que el Instituto Butantan produce antígenos y sueros indicadores que se pueden utilizar con éxito en la prueba de contrainmunoelectroforesis para titular anticuerpos antirrábicos en personas inmunizadas. No se pudieron demostrar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los resultados de las pruebas de estandarización realizadas en el Instituto Butantan y las pruebas de control de referencia llevadas a cabo en el Centro Panamericano de Zoonosis. Se propone que el Instituto Butantan produzca y distribuya a nivel nacional los reactivos para que los laboratorios de diagnóstico apliquen la técnica de contrainmunoelectroforesis para la determinación de anticuerpos antirrábicos.This study demonstrated that the antigens and indicator sera produced by the Butantan Institute may be employed with success in the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique for the titration of rabies antibodies in sera from immunized individuals. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated between the results obtained in the standardization tests carried out at the Butantan Institute and the reference control tests performed at the Pan American Zoonoses Center. It is proposed that the Butantan Institute be in charge of the production and distribution of these reagents at the national level