Reconstruction of recent and palaeo sea ice conditions in the Barents Sea

IP25 is a highly branched isoprenoid alkene derived from certain Arctic sea ice diatoms that, when detected in marine sediments, has been used as a proxy for past Arctic sea ice over the last decade. In the current study, the structure of this biomarker was determined following large-scale extraction from sediment material collected from the Canadian Arctic. After purification, the structure of IP25 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy as being the same as that of a laboratory standard. The purified IP25 was subsequently used to obtain a quantitative (GC-MS) instrumental response factor that could be used to improve the future quantification of IP25 and would help to produce a robust database. IP25, other highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) lipids and some other phytoplanktonic lipids (sterols) were analysed to provide modern and past sediment-based sea ice reconstructions for the Barents Sea. First, a surface sediment study was conducted and biomarker distributions were compared to satellite sea ice records. The occurrence of IP25 was consistent with the presence/absence of seasonal sea ice but there was also evidence of lateral transport of IP25 and other biomarkers in sediments from the southern Barents Sea. In contrast to some previous studies, abundances of IP25, and of those combined with other biomarkers, including sterols, did not show strong quantitative relationships to sea ice concentration. The surface study was used to relate biomarker distributions to recent sea ice and oceanographic conditions and apply this information to long-term sediment records in the eastern and western Barents Sea covering ca. 2 kyr and 11 kyr (Holocene) respectively. IP25 concentrations for the former were found to be very variable and were used to identify the period with maximum sea ice cover occurring from ca. 900 - 400 cal. yr BP where the highest abundances of IP25 and IRD were observed. Similarly, biomarker results from the eastern Barents Sea provided evidence for a dynamic advance of the marginal sea ice zone potentially situated at ca. 78° N (maximum extent) during ca 9.4 – 5.9 cal. kyr BP, to late Holocene and modern day maximum MIZ advance ca. 75° N. Replicate analysis of various biomarkers in individual push-cores collected from a box core obtained from Rijpfjorden (north Svalbard) demonstrated some variability between cores. Variability in individual biomarker concentrations was lowest for HBI lipids and greatest for sterols. These data are consistent with a selective and relatively minor source of the former. In contrast, the somewhat more generic origins of sedimentary sterols likely explain the greater variability in their distributions between cores Finally, the strong abundance relationship between IP25 and a structurally related di-unsaturated HBI (C25:2) was confirmed in all sediments, similar to that found between two tri-unsaturated HBIs, consistent with co-production by certain marine phytoplankton. The progressive use of novel HBIs with two or three degrees of unsaturation (e.g. C25:2 and C25:3) could provide further valuable insights into environmental conditions.European Commission within the 7th Framework Program. Marie Curie Action

Technical Note TN 2.2 Fuel load sampling of a Cupressus sempervirens hedge

In this document, data from a destructive sampling of a Cupressus sempervirens hedgerow are shown, as well as the followed methodology. Measures of sizes and weights have been taken. With these data, moisture content, fuel load and bulk density have been calculated. Different fuel classes (state and diameter) have been taken into account.Postprint (updated version

París, musa cinematográfica en la década de 1920

La mítica ciudad de París, centro cultural europeo, atrapó desde los orígenes del séptimo arte el interés de los cineastas, que la convirtieron en una de sus grandes musas. A partir de los años 20 se consolidó su papel como escenario de multitud de producciones fílmicas. El entorno parisino sería filmado y, a la vez, recreado en estudios de cine, dando lugar al desarrollo de narraciones de diferente naturaleza. Sus calles, sus barrios, sus iconos, sus hogares e, incluso, sus alcantarillas fueron la morada de la imaginación de aquellos cineastas que un día soñaron con llevar a la pantalla adaptaciones de la literatura, experimentos vanguardistas, la crítica social, los clichés y las particularidades de la ciudad moderna. Nuestro propósito es remontarnos a esta década de 1920 para analizar una pluralidad de visiones sobre la urbe, desarrolladas desde dos países con poderosas industrias cinematográficas: Francia y Estados Unidos. Fijaremos nuestra atención en los espacios y los iconos parisinos elegidos por los diferentes directores para enmarcar sus historias e intentaremos descubrir las ideas que subyacen tras ellos.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Gamificacion con estrategia de marketing interno

Purpose: Theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of gamification and its possible application as a tool for internal marketing, in order to increase job satisfaction and commitment through engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, review of the literature on gamification and its background within game social reality. Secondly, presentation of several business cases where gamification has been applied. Findings: Focusing the subject of gamification within the field of internal marketing. In addition, a theoretical model of gamification as a tool to improve some consequences on employees’ behavior, such as job satisfaction and commitment through engagement, is proposed,. Various specific hypotheses for future research are proposed based on this model.. Practical implications: Because of the situation of research on internal marketing and gamification, practical implications cannot be deduced in the short term, although they may arise as long as there is empirical evidence of its usefulness. Social implications: Currently there is no empirical evidence to infer social implications. Originality/value: Gamification is a very recent phenomenon that has been scarcely studied

Technical Note TN 2.4. Fuel sampling, tree ignition and burning tests in ADAI facilities

In this document, the followed methodology to characterize several natural fuels (trees of Cupressus arizonica, Cupressocyparis leylandii, Prunus laurocerasus and Thuja occidentalis) is presented. Also, the ignition method and the equipment used to monitor the burning of these fuels in two different configurations are described. These activities were performed in ADAI facilities (Lousa, Portugal).Preprin

Beyond the Conversation: The Pervasive Danger of Slurs

This paper has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the research project "Disagreement in Attitudes: Normativity, Affective Polarization and Disagreement" (PID2019-109764RB-I00), by the Regional Government of Andalusia under the research projects "Public Disagreements, Affective Polarization and Immigration in Andalusia" (B-HUM-459-UGR18) and "The Inferential Identification of Propositions: A Reconsideration of Classical Dichotomies in Metaphysics, Semantics and Pragmatics" (P18-FR2907), and by the University of Granada under a "Contrato Puente" fellowship and the excellence unit FiloLab-UGR (UCE. PPP2017.04). The authors would also like to thank Alex Davies, Maria Jose Frapolli, Andres Soria, Neftali Villanueva, Dan Zeman, and two anonymous reviewers for Organon F, as well as audiences at EvalLang-2019, FiloLab International Summer School 2019, Epistemological and Cognitive Analyses of Cognition, Beliefs and Knowledge, and the IX Meeting of the Spanish Society for Analytic Philosophy, for their helpful comments and suggestions. DocumentAlthough slurs are conventionally defined as derogatory words, it has been widely noted that not all of their occurrences are derogatory. This may lead us to think that there are “innocent” occur-rences of slurs, i.e., occurrences of slurs that are not harmful in any sense. The aim of this paper is to challenge this assumption. Our thesis is that slurs are always potentially harmful, even if some of their oc-currences are nonderogatory. Our argument is the following. Deroga-tory occurrences of slurs are not characterized by their sharing any specific linguistic form; instead, they are those that take place in what we call uncontrolled contexts, that is, contexts in which we do not have enough knowledge of our audience to predict what the uptake of the utterance will be. Slurs uttered in controlled contexts, by contrast, may lack derogatory character. However, although the kind of context at which the utterance of a slur takes place can make it nonderogatory, it cannot completely deprive it of its harmful potential. Utterances of slurs in controlled contexts still contribute to normalizing their utter-ances in uncontrolled contexts, which makes nonderogatory occur-rences of slurs potentially harmful too.Spanish Government PID2019-109764RB-I00Junta de Andalucia B-HUM-459-UGR18 P18-FR2907University of Granada under a "Contrato Puente" fellowship excellence unit FiloLab-UGR UCE. PPP2017.0

Do We Educate Citizens in the Course of History?

In the current educational context, the history of Spain is a compulsory subject which all the students of Bachillerato have to study. This fact can be explained by the qualities that this subject shares with citizenship education whenever we pressume the students will be able to use the learned contents to face the social problems in a complex way. In this paper, we expose the results of a research in which the students' conceptions related to this topic are analised, the students’ difficulties are made evident, an idea about the possible causes of the difficulties are given and some improvement strategies are presented

Monte Carlo modelling projects the loss of most land-terminating glaciers on Svalbard in the 21st century under RCP 8.5 forcing

The high Arctic archipelagos around the globe are among the most strongly glacierized landscapes on Earth apart from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Over the past decades, the mass losses from land ice in the high Arctic regions have contributed substantially to global sea level rise. Among these regions, the archipelago of Svalbard showed the smallest mass losses. However, this could change in the coming decades, as Svalbard is expected to be exposed to strong climate warming over the 21st century. Here we present extensive Monte Carlo simulations of the future ice-mass evolution of 29 individual land-terminating glaciers on the Svalbard archipelago under an RCP 8.5 climate forcing. An extrapolation of the 29 sample glaciers to all land-terminating glaciers of the archipelago suggests an almost complete deglaciation of the region by 2100. Under RCP 8.5, 98% of the land-terminating glaciers will have declined to less than one tenth of their initial size, resulting in a loss of 7392 ± 2481 km ^2 of ice coverage

A single scaling parameter as a first approximation to describe the rainfall pattern of a place: application on Catalonia

As well as in other natural processes, it has been frequently observed that the phenomenon arising from the rainfall generation process presents fractal self-similarity of statistical type, and thus, rainfall series generally show scaling properties. Based on this fact, there is a methodology, simple scaling, which is used quite broadly to find or reproduce the intensity–duration–frequency curves of a place. In the present work, the relationship of the simple scaling parameter with the characteristic rainfall pattern of the area of study has been investigated. The calculation of this scaling parameter has been performed from 147 daily rainfall selected series covering the temporal period between 1883 and 2016 over the Catalonian territory (Spain) and its nearby surroundings, and a discussion about the relationship between the scaling parameter spatial distribution and rainfall pattern, as well as about trends of this scaling parameter over the past decades possibly due to climate change, has been presented.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft