Cost Analysis of the IMS Presence Service

IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) is the technology that will merge the Internet (packet switching) with the cellular world (circuit switching). Presence is one of the basic services which is likely to become omnipresent in IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). It is the service that allows a user to be informed about the reachability, availability, and willingness of communication of another user. The flow of messages will be massive for large amount of publishers and watchers joining an IMS system, because of the security architecture of the IMS. Although the IETF engineers have proposed several solutions to reduce the signalling overhead to facilitate the presence service, the heavy traffic flows have been compromised with several factors like real time view and information segregation etc. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to analyse the system-performance of the IMS presence service during heavy traffic. The model derives the cost functions that are based on the real parameters of the Presence server. Simulation results have been shown that provide useful insight into the system behaviour

PENGARUH INDEKS PLASTISITAS TERHADAP KUAT GESER TANAH LEMPUNG

Tanah lempung merupakan jenis tanah yang memilik karakteristik yakni daya dukung yang rendah, ini menjadikan tanah lempung sebagai material yang kurang baik untuk suatu pekerjaan kontruksi Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh indeks plastisitas terhadap kuat geser tanah lempung di beberapa daerah dipulau Lombok. Beberapa pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram. Pengambilan sampel tanah diambil dari beberapa daerah yang berasal dari pulau Lombok. Pengujian ini dimaksudkan untuk menentukan nilai indeks plastisitas tanah dan parameter kekuatan geser tanah sehingga diperoleh pengaruh indeks plastisitas tanah terhadap kuat geser. Dari hasil pengujian laboratorium yang dilakukan di dapat nilai indeks plastisitas Desa Kebon Ayu 10,12%, kohesif tanah 3,58 Kpa, sudut geser 33,17o dan kuar geser 46,73 Kpa. Desa Taman Ayu nilai indeks plastisitas 7,38, kohesif tanah 30,04 Kpa, sudut geser 35,99o dan kuat geser 51,49 Kpa. Desa Lembah Sari nilai indeks plastisitas 12,13%, kohesif tanah 18,594 Kpa, sudut geser 23,545o dan kuat geser 31,47 Kpa. Desa Kuripan nilai indeks plastisitas 14,85%, kohesif tanah 12,16 Kpa, sudut geser 12,291o dan kuat geser 19,95 Kpa. Desa Kuripan Selatan nilai indeks plastisitas 12,89 %, kohesif tanah 17,165 Kpa, sudut geser 16,198o dan kuat geser 26,94 Kpa. Desa Tana Awu nilai indeks plastisitas 50,33 %, kohesif tanah 11,444 Kpa, sudut geser 8,264o. Kuat geser 15,74 Kpa. Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar nilai indeks plastisitas tanah maka semakin rendah kuat gesernya

Dasar-Dasar Program Perencanaan Dan Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) Penataan Banaran Sebagai Desa Kerajinan Kayu Penekanan Pada Wisata Kreatif Dan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Penataan desa adalah sebuah proses, cara, perbuatan menata, pengaturan, penyusunan sebuah desa untuk tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari sebuah penataan yang akan dilakukan. Desa Banaran atau tepatnya dukuh Rambat adalah sebuah kawasan pedesaan yang berada di kecamatan kalijambe yang kawasan ini adalah bagian dari Kabupaten Sragen. Desa banaran atau tepatnya berada di dukuh rambat berada di kecamatan kalijambe yang berjarak 0,5 KM dari pusat kecamatan Kalijambe. Dukuh rambat merupakan dukuh yang termasuk dari desa banaran yang berdekatan dengan Desa sebelah. Di dukuh rambat ini 80% masyarakat mengantung hidupnya pada kerajinan kayu. Pada awal penyebarannya dukuh rambat sebenarnya sudah baik dalam menata kawasan tersebut hal ini dapat dilihat dari beberapa bangunan penting yang ada di kawasan dukuh rambat saling berdekatan. Tetapi dalam perkembangannya setelah dimasuki oleh masyarakat dengan membawa pekerjaannya masing-masing dukuh ini tidak terlihat penataan yang jelas dalam kawasan ini. Selain itu dampak dari tidak teraturnya kawasan ini menyebabkan beberapa efek lain yaitu kawasan terlihat gersang. Sehingga mendorong paneliti untuk menata kawasan ini menjadi lebih baik. 18 Oleh sebab itu, perlu adanya penataan kemali yang menekankan pada wisata kreatif dan pembangunan berkelanjutan yang harus dilakukan pada area dukuh rambat untuk mendapatkan kawasan yang baik dan asri yang mampu mendukung kegiatan masyarakat dan mengembangkan ekonomi masyarakat di kawasan tersebut

Low vitamin B12 in pregnancy is associated with adipose derived circulating miRs targeting PPARγ and insulin resistance

Context: Low vitamin B12 (B12) during pregnancy is associated with higher maternal obesity, insulin resistance(IR) and gestational diabetes(GDM). B12 is a key co-factor in 1-carbon metabolism. Objective: We hypothesize that B12 plays a role in epigenetic regulation by altering circulating miRNAs(miRs) during adipocyte differentiation and results in an adverse metabolic phenotype. Design, settings and main-outcome measure: Human pre-adipocyte cell-line(Chub-S7) were differentiated in various B12 concentrations: Control(500nM), LowB12(0.15nM) and NoB12(0nM). Maternal blood samples(n=91) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)(n=42) were collected at delivery. Serum B12, folate, lipids, plasma 1-carbon metabolites, miR profiling, miR expression and gene expression were measured. Results: Our in vitro model demonstrated that adipocytes in B12 deficient conditions accumulated more lipids, had higher triglyceride levels and increased gene expression of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. MiR array screening revealed differential expression of 133miRs involving several metabolic pathways (adjusted p<0.05). Altered miR expression were observed in 12miRs related to adipocyte differentiation and function in adipocytes. Validation of this data in pregnant women with low B12, confirmed increased expression of adipo/lipogenic genes and altered miRs in SAT, and altered levels of 11 of the 12miRs in circulation. After adjusting for other possible confounders, multiple regression analysis revealed an independent association of B12 with BMI (β: -0.264; 95% CI: -0.469, -0.058; p=0.013) and was mediated by four circulating miRs targeting PPARγ and IR. Conclusions: Low B12 levels in pregnancy alters adipose derived circulating miRs, which may mediate an adipogenic and IR phenotype leading to obesity

Dhaka city water logging hazards: area identification and vulnerability assessment through GIS-remote sensing techniques

Water logging is one of the most detrimental phenomena continuing to burden Dhaka dwellers. This study aims to spatio-temporarily identify the water logging hazard zones within Dhaka Metropolitan area and assess the extent of their water logging susceptibility based on informal settlements, built-up areas, and demographical characteristics. The study utilizes integrated geographic information system (GIS)-remote sensing (RS) methods, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Water and Moisture Index, distance buffer zone from drainage streams, and built-up distributions to identify waterlogged zones with a temporal extent, incorporating social and infrastructural attributes to evaluate water logging effects. These indicators were integrated into an overlay GIS method to measure the vulnerability level across Dhaka city areas. The findings reveal that south and south-western parts of Dhaka were more susceptible to water logging hazards. Almost 35% of Dhaka belongs to the high/very highly vulnerable zone. Greater number of slum households were found within high to very high water logging vulnerable zones and approximately 70% of them are poorly structured. The built-up areas were observed to be increased toward the northern part of Dhaka and were exposed to severe water logging issues. The overall findings reveal the spatio-temporal distribution of the water logging vulnerabilities across the city as well as its impact on the social indicators. An integrated approach is necessary for future development plans to mitigate the risk of water logging

Prioritizing orphan proteins for further study using phylogenomics and gene expression profiles in Streptomyces coelicolor

BACKGROUND:Streptomyces coelicolor, a model organism of antibiotic producing bacteria, has one of the largest genomes of the bacterial kingdom, including 7825 predicted protein coding genes. A large number of these genes, nearly 34%, are functionally orphan (hypothetical proteins with unknown function). However, in gene expression time course data, many of these functionally orphan genes show interesting expression patterns.RESULTS:In this paper, we analyzed all functionally orphan genes of Streptomyces coelicolor and identified a list of "high priority" orphans by combining gene expression analysis and additional phylogenetic information (i.e. the level of evolutionary conservation of each protein).CONCLUSIONS:The prioritized orphan genes are promising candidates to be examined experimentally in the lab for further characterization of their functio

Evidence for Concurrent Effects of Exposure to Environmental Cadmium and Lead on Hepatic CYP2A6 Phenotype and Renal Function Biomarkers in Nonsmokers

We examined the interrelationships between phenotype of hepatic cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6), nephropathy, and exposure to cadmium and lead in a group of 118 healthy Thai men and women who had never smoked. Their urinary Cd excretion ranged from 0.05 to 2.36 μg/g creatinine, whereas their urinary Pb excretion ranged from 0.1 to 12 μg/g creatinine. Average age and Cd burden of women and men did not differ. Women, however, on average showed a 46% higher urinary Pb excretion (p < 0.001) and lower zinc status, suggested by lower average serum Zn and urinary Zn excretion compared with those in men. Cd-linked nephropathy was detected in both men and women. However, Pb-linked nephropathy was seen only in women, possibly because of higher Pb burden coupled with lower protective factors, notably of Zn (p < 0.001), in women compared with men. In men, Pb burden showed a negative association with CYP2A6 activity (adjusted β= −0.29, p = 0.003), whereas Cd burden showed a positive association with CYP2A6 activity (adjusted β= 0.38, p = 0.001), suggesting opposing effects of Cd and Pb on hepatic CYP2A6 phenotype. The weaker correlation between Cd burden CYP2A6 activity in women despite similarity in Cd burden between men and women is consistent with opposing effects of Pb and Cd on hepatic CYP2A6 phenotypic expression. A positive correlation between Cd-linked nephropathy (urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase excretion) and CYP2A6 activity in men (r = 0.39, p = 0.002) and women (r = 0.37, p = 0.001) suggests that Cd induction of hepatic CYP2A6 expression and Cd-linked nephropathy occurred simultaneously

MultiMetEval: comparative and multi-objective analysis of genome-scale metabolic models

Comparative metabolic modelling is emerging as a novel field, supported by the development of reliable and standardized approaches for constructing genome-scale metabolic models in high throughput. New software solutions are needed to allow efficient comparative analysis of multiple models in the context of multiple cellular objectives. Here, we present the user-friendly software framework Multi-Metabolic Evaluator (MultiMetEval), built upon SurreyFBA, which allows the user to compose collections of metabolic models that together can be subjected to flux balance analysis. Additionally, MultiMetEval implements functionalities for multi-objective analysis by calculating the Pareto front between two cellular objectives. Using a previously generated dataset of 38 actinobacterial genome-scale metabolic models, we show how these approaches can lead to exciting novel insights. Firstly, after incorporating several pathways for the biosynthesis of natural products into each of these models, comparative flux balance analysis predicted that species like Streptomyces that harbour the highest diversity of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters in their genomes do not necessarily have the metabolic network topology most suitable for compound overproduction. Secondly, multi-objective analysis of biomass production and natural product biosynthesis in these actinobacteria shows that the well-studied occurrence of discrete metabolic switches during the change of cellular objectives is inherent to their metabolic network architecture. Comparative and multi-objective modelling can lead to insights that could not be obtained by normal flux balance analyses. MultiMetEval provides a powerful platform that makes these analyses straightforward for biologists. Sources and binaries of MultiMetEval are freely available from https://github.com/PiotrZakrzewski/MetEv​al/downloads