Ice Hockey Goaltender Physiology Profile and Physical Testing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 855-875, 2021. This review aims to 1) be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining the physiology and assessment of goaltenders, and 2) present a physiological profile of ice-hockey goaltenders. It will 1) highlight physiological differences between goaltenders and players at other positions, 2) determine strengths and weaknesses of ice hockey goaltenders, and 3) offer possible guidelines for strength and conditioning coaches. Six electronic databases were systematically searched in October 2019 using the PRISMA model. A total of twelve scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Professional male (PM) goaltenders had the following profile for age (A) 26.8 ± 2.5 years, body weight (BW) 85.64 ± 3.79 kg, height (H) 184.38 ± 2.79 cm, body fat % (BF%) 11.9 ± 2.22, VO2max 49.9 ± 4.45 ml/kg/min, anaerobic power (AP) 12.78 ± 1.63 W/kg, and combined hand grip strength (GS) 120.7 ± 15 kg. Amateur male (AM) goaltenders presented the following: A: 18.2 ± 0.75, BW: 83.85 ± 4.51, H: 184.96 ± 2.06, BF%: 10.51 ± 1.61, VO2max: 55.73 ± 4.57, AP: 10.9 ± 1.2 and GS: 109.08 ± 14.06. Amateur female (AF) goaltenders presented the following: A: 21.04 ± 1.84, BW: 63.4 ± 5.14, H: 164.86 ± 5.73, BF%: 22.12 ± 2.27 and VO2max: 42.84 ± 3.59. Overall, PM goaltenders are heavier, have a higher BF%, and exhibit greater GS and abdominal muscular endurance than AM, while AM goaltenders are heavier, taller, leaner, and can generate greater lower-body muscular power than AF goaltenders. In the current literature, there were a small number of studies on women players and a lack of distinction between player position in reported results. Specific physiological assessments during NHL Combines should be developed for goaltenders in accordance with their specific positional demands

Ihog and Boi are essential for Hedgehog signaling in Drosophila

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is important for the development of a variety of tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates. For example, in developing nervous systems Hh signaling is required for the normal differentiation of neural progenitors into mature neurons. The molecular signaling mechanism underlying the function of Hh is not fully understood. In <it>Drosophila</it>, Ihog (Interference hedgehog) and Boi (Brother of Ihog) are related transmembrane proteins of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) with orthologs in vertebrates. Members of this IgSF subfamily have been shown to bind Hh and promote pathway activation but their exact role in the Hh signaling pathway has remained elusive. To better understand this role <it>in vivo</it>, we generated loss-of-function mutations of the <it>ihog </it>and <it>boi </it>genes, and investigated their effects in developing eye and wing imaginal discs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>While mutation of either <it>ihog </it>or <it>boi </it>alone had no discernible effect on imaginal tissues, cells in the developing eye disc that were mutant for both <it>ihog </it>and <it>boi </it>failed to activate the Hh pathway, causing severe disruption of photoreceptor differentiation in the retina. In the anterior compartment of the developing wing disc, where different concentrations of the Hh morphogen elicit distinct cellular responses, cells mutant for both <it>ihog </it>and <it>boi </it>failed to activate responses at either high or low thresholds of Hh signaling. They also lost their affinity for neighboring cells and aberrantly sorted out from the anterior compartment of the wing disc into posterior territory. We found that <it>ihog </it>and <it>boi </it>are required for the accumulation of the essential Hh signaling mediator Smoothened (Smo) in Hh-responsive cells, providing evidence that Ihog and Boi act upstream of Smo in the Hh signaling pathway.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The consequences of <it>boi;ihog </it>mutations for eye development, neural differentiation and wing patterning phenocopy those of <it>smo </it>mutations and uncover an essential role for Ihog and Boi in the Hh signaling pathway.</p

Physiological Responses to Repeated Running Sprint Ability Tests: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1190-1205, 2020. The purpose of this study was to review acute physiological responses induced by repeated running sprint ability (RRSA) tests that could serve as references for practitioners utilising repeated sprints as a performance measure with athletes. This research was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The systematic search was conducted in November 2019 and yielded 26 different scientific articles. Only peer-reviewed full-text article were included as abstracts are too short to allow proper explanation of the RRSAT methodology that was employed. According to the present literature, practitioners should use the following assessments: the 6x40m RRSA protocol with one Change of Direction (COD) (20+20 m with a 180° COD) and 25s of passive recovery between sprints with soccer players; the Intensive Repeated Sprint Ability (IRSA) test with men basketball players; the Futsal Intermittent Endurance Test (FIET) with futsal players; the Repeated Shuttle Sprint Test (RSST) with men handball players; and the Multiple Repeated Sprint Ability test for Badminton players (MRSAB). The present review should serve as a reference standard for RRSA tests. Further research should be directed towards creating and validating more specific RRSA tests protocols to each sports physiological and physical demands

Le Musée Départemental Arles antique et son extension

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Body Composition (DXA) and Maximal Strength of Powerlifters: a Descriptive Quantitative and Longitudinal Study

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 828-845, 2023. The purpose of this study was to present the relationships between maximal strength and body composition and to conduct yearly follow-ups presenting the chronic effects of maximal strength training on body composition. Thirty-four (age = 28.8 ± 8.7 yrs) classic powerlifters (M = 21; F = 13) completed at least one Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) 43.97 ± 23.93 days after a sanctioned international powerlifting federation affiliate competition (Squat + Bench Press + Deadlift = Total (kg)). In addition, thirteen subjects (n = 13) completed at least one yearly follow up. Paired sample T-Tests and simple linear regressions were performed to determine significant effects on body composition and maximal strength measures. Prediction formulas were obtained as follows: Bone Mineral Content (BMC) (g) = 3.39 * Total (kg) + 1494.78 (r = 0.84; p \u3c 0.000; SEE = 348.05); Bone Mineral Density (BMD) (g/cm3) = 0.000390 * Total (kg) + 1.115 (r = 0.71; p \u3c 0.000; SEE = 0.062); Total (kg) = 10.84 * Lean Body Weight (LBW) (kg) – 154.89 (r = 0.90; p \u3c 0.000; SEE = 70.27); Total (kg) = 22.74 * Relative LBW (kg/m) – 306.66 (r = 0.92; p \u3c 0.000; SEE = 64.07). Significant differences were observed in BMD (+1.57 ± 1.55%; p = 0.018; ES = 0.22), between measures one and two (333.7 ± 36.3 days apart) as well as LBW (-2.95 ± 3.82%; p = 0.049; ES = 0.16), and Body Fat Percentage (+2.59%; p = 0.029; ES = 0.20) between measures two and three (336 ± 13.3 days apart). Thus, maximal strength can be used to predict BMC and BMD, while LBW can be used to predict maximal strength. As well, consistent powerlifting practice can increase BMD in adults

Variable-number tandem-repeat markers for typing Mycobacterium intracellulare strains isolated in humans

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycobacterium intracellulare</it>, a species of the <it>Mycobacterium avium complex</it>, may be the cause of severe lung, lymphatic node, skin and bone/joint infections, as well as bacteriemia. The goal of this work was to identify Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) markers and to study their variability in a collection of isolates of <it>M. intracellulare </it>collected in humans. We studied 61 isolates collected in humans between 2001 and 2008, as well as the reference strain, <it>M. intracellulare </it>ATCC 13950.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 45 MIRU-VNTR candidates, of which 17 corresponded to the MIRU-VNTR identified in the genome of <it>M. intracellulare </it>ATCC 13950. Among the 45 potential MIRU-VNTR, seven were selected for use in a MIRU-VNTR assay applied to our collection of isolates. Forty-four patterns were found by MIRU-VNTR typing and the discriminatory power of the assay was high with a Hunter-Gaston diversity index of 0.98. We do not have evidence of a particular distribution of MIRU-VNTR polymorphism according to clinical situation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that MIRU-VNTR typing could be used for molecular epidemiological studies applied to <it>M. intracellulare</it>.</p

Identification of pannexin 1-regulated genes, interactome, and pathways in rhabdomyosarcoma and its tumor inhibitory interaction with AHNAK

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Despite current management, the 5-year survival rate for patients with metastatic RMS is ∼30%; underscoring the need to develop better treatment strategies. We have recently reported that pannexin 1 (PANX1) levels are downregulated in RMS and that restoring its expression inhibits RMS progression. Here, we have surveyed and characterized the molecular changes induced by PANX1 re-expression in RMS. We cataloged transcriptomic changes in this context by RNA sequencing. At the protein level, we unveiled PANX1 interactors using BioID, complemented by co-immunoprecipitation coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry performed in PANX1-enriched fractions. Using these data, we generated searchable public databases for the PANX1 interactome and changes to the RMS transcriptome occurring when PANX1 expression is restored. STRING network analyses revealed a PANX1 interactome involving plasma membrane and cytoskeleton-associated proteins including the previously undescribed interactor AHNAK. Indeed, AHNAK knockdown abrogated the PANX1-mediated reduction in RMS cell viability and migration. Using these unbiased approaches, we bring insight to the mechanisms by which PANX1 inhibits RMS progression, identifying the cell migration protein AHNAK as a key modifier of PANX1-mediated changes in RMS malignant properties

Saqqara-Sud

Problématique générale de la fouille : évolution du plan d’urbanisme d’une nécropole royale d'Ancien Empire et Textes des Pyramides. 1. Travaux réalisés 1.1. Le complexe funéraire de la reine Ankhnespépy II L'essentiel du travail archéologique s'est concentré sur le dernier secteur non fouillé du complexe de la reine Ankhnespépy II. Un secteur de 20 m de longueur (est-ouest) pour 15 m de largeur (nord-sud) a été ouvert afin de mettre au jour l’angle sud-ouest du complexe. Ici également, les c..

IL-1 and IL-23 Mediate Early IL-17A Production in Pulmonary Inflammation Leading to Late Fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating as yet untreatable disease. We demonstrated recently the predominant role of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β expression in the establishment of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice. METHODS: The contribution of IL-23 or IL-17 in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis was assessed using the bleomycin model in deficient mice. RESULTS: We show that bleomycin or IL-1β-induced lung injury leads to increased expression of early IL-23p19, and IL-17A or IL-17F expression. Early IL-23p19 and IL-17A, but not IL-17F, and IL-17RA signaling are required for inflammatory response to BLM as shown with gene deficient mice or mice treated with neutralizing antibodies. Using FACS analysis, we show a very early IL-17A and IL-17F expression by RORγt(+) γδ T cells and to a lesser extent by CD4αβ(+) T cells, but not by iNKT cells, 24 hrs after BLM administration. Moreover, IL-23p19 and IL-17A expressions or IL-17RA signaling are necessary to pulmonary TGF-β1 production, collagen deposition and evolution to fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the existence of an early IL-1β-IL-23-IL-17A axis leading to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis and identify innate IL-23 and IL-17A as interesting drug targets for IL-1β driven lung pathology