Future STI priorities: stakeholders’ views on how science, technology and innovation can help achieve the SDGs

• This chapter presents the results of a global survey of stakeholders. • Survey respondents proposed the STI areas and activities that they believe could help to achieve the SDGs by 2030. • Their responses highlighted a range of STI areas, including policy-oriented, social and grassroots innovations, which are often overlooked in the existing STI system. • Several STI areas were identified as potentially having a positive influence on the achievement of multiple SDGs. • The survey results also highlighted that some STI activities may support one particular SDG target at the same time as impeding progress towards another

A community-sourced glossary of open scholarship terms

Open scholarship has transformed research, and introduced a host of new terms in the lexicon of researchers. The ‘Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Teaching’ (FORRT) community presents a crowdsourced glossary of open scholarship terms to facilitate education and effective communication between experts and newcomers

Embedding open and reproducible science into teaching: A bank of lesson plans and resources

Recently, there has been a growing emphasis on embedding open and reproducible approaches into research. One essential step in accomplishing this larger goal is to embed such practices into undergraduate and postgraduate research training. However, this often requires substantial time and resources to implement. Also, while many pedagogical resources are regularly developed for this purpose, they are not often openly and actively shared with the wider community. The creation and public sharing of open educational resources is useful for educators who wish to embed open scholarship and reproducibility into their teaching and learning. In this article, we describe and openly share a bank of teaching resources and lesson plans on the broad topics of open scholarship, open science, replication, and reproducibility that can be integrated into taught courses, to support educators and instructors. These resources were created as part of the Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS) hackathon at the 2021 Annual Conference, and we detail this collaborative process in the article. By sharing these open pedagogical resources, we aim to reduce the labour required to develop and implement open scholarship content to further the open scholarship and open educational materials movement

Dynamic Norms and Food Choice: Reflections on a Failure of Minority Norm Information to Influence Motivation to Reduce Meat Consumption

Materials to accompany "Dynamic Norms and Food Choice: Reflections on a Failure of Minority Norm Information to Influence Motivation to Reduce Meat Consumption

Dynamic norms and sustainable eating: communicating changing norms to change behaviour

The climate crisis is undeniably a global emergency: both systemic and individual change are needed to mitigate against high levels of carbon in the atmosphere. Meat consumption is a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions, and one of the most impactful actions an individual may take is reducing their meat consumption. The social context plays an important role in people’s eating choices, and social psychological research has found powerful effects of social norms on eating behaviour. Influencing people to eat more sustainably by reducing their meat consumption is challenging, as only the minority do so in most parts of the world. Recent research shows that presenting information about a change in the norm can encourage people to adopt attitudes and behaviours even when these do not yet represent the prevailing norm. These changing norms are referred to as “dynamic norms” in the literature. This area of research is still young, and there is a large degree of heterogeneity in effects found previously. Dynamic norms research varies considerably in its implementation and there are many questions about the predictors of successful dynamic norm messaging.This thesis is a deep-dive into the use of dynamic norm information to influence meat consumption outcomes. Following the introduction, this thesis begins with a direct replication of a well-known study testing the effect of dynamic norms on interest in reducing meat consumption (Study 1 and Study 2). This chapter also explores the effect of dynamic norms on other cognitive predictors of meat consumption such as attitudes, intentions, and expectations, using Bayesian estimation. Chapters 3–4 further investigate the effect of dynamic norms using different messaging techniques to test and refine the communication of dynamic norms (Studies 3–5). Chapter 4 also expands on other studies by investigating short-term changes in meat consumption over a period of one week. Taken together, dynamic norms may have a strong influence on people’s behaviour under certain conditions, and careful consideration of messaging content and format is necessary for effective use. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the findings, and provides an overview of lessons learnt and recommendations for future research and practice.</p

Shifting Norms, Static Behaviour: Effects of Dynamic Norms on Meat Consumption

While decreasing their meat consumption is one of the most impactful behaviours an individual may carry out to reduce their carbon emissions, it is still a minority behaviour in many parts of the world. Research suggests that communicating information about changing ‘dynamic’ norms may be a useful tool for changing attitudes and behaviours in the direction of those currently held by the minority. This study utilizes a 2 x 2 mixed design (Norm Type [dynamic/static] x Visual Cue [present/absent], and a no-task control), and a follow-up assessment after one week to investigate the effect of making dynamic norms salient on various meat consumption outcomes: attitudes towards meat consumption, interest in reducing one’s own meat consumption, intentions to reduce one’s own meat consumption, and self-reported meat consumption. We used an online sample of British participants (N = 1294), ranging in ages 18–77 (Mage = 39.97, SDage = 13.71; 55.8% female). We hypothesized that: (a) dynamic norms will positively influence meat consumption outcomes, (b) visual cues will accentuate the difference between norm conditions, (c) using a visual cue will enhance the effect of dynamic norms, and (d) any effects of dynamic norms will endure over a period of one week. We found no positive effect of dynamic norms (vs. static norms) on any outcome at time 1, and no positive effect on changes in outcomes from time 1 to time 2. However, we found a positive interaction of norm type and visual cue at time 1 (although not from time 1 to time 2): the addition of a visual cue to dynamic norm messages enhanced the positive effect of the message at time 1 (but did not enhance the changes occurring from time 1 to time 2). Analyses for changes in self-reported meat consumption did not reach our evidential threshold. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of these findings

Dynamic norms and food choice: reflections on a failure of minority norm information to influence motivation to reduce meat consumption

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