The Influence of the Nanometer Technology on Performance of CPL Full Adders

Abstract — In this paper the performance of 8-transistor based Full adder is analyzed, evaluated, and compared with that of three different types of Full Adders based on Complementary Pass Transistor XOR Logic gate. Simulation results using nano-scale SPICE parameters are obtained for the above mentioned FAs. It is shown that the performance of the 8-transistor based Full adder in term of power dissipation is superior to that of the other FAs. Multi-Supply Voltage Technique is used to optimize the outputs of 8-Transistor Full Adder. A new technique based on minimum leakage vector is proposed to reduce the leakage current when the circuit is in its off state

Coastal Development and Climate Risk Reduction in the Persian/Arabian Gulf: The case of Qatar

limate change consideration in coastal developments in the GCC regions are neither adequately studied nor incorporated into specific policies. The rapid pace of coastal development seeks to accommodate short-term to mid-term growth needs, while climate vulnerability issues are rarely addressed on project-based terms. Climate policies are seen as an overarching environmental issue that can be addressed in a future phase of “post-growth.” The scattered national-level policy initiatives toward climate risk reduction need to evolve into a regional approach encompassing all Persian/Arabian Gulf countries. The waters of the Gulf can be considered a common resource vulnerable to degradation, increased salinity, and the loss of marine ecosystems. The example of the State of Qatar shows that economic transformation toward a knowledge-based economic model can help mobilize technological options to increase climate resilience and develop effective institutional arrangements. In light of recent international climate agreements and increasing evidence of climate impacts, the need and urgency for actions are increasing. These may lead to more targeted development policies for reducing climate-related risks