Petrophysical Evaluation and Reservoir Characterization of the Zubair Formation in the Luhais and Rachi oil fields, Southern Iraq

The Barremian succession in the present study is represented by the Zubair Formation which the most significant sandstone reservoir in Iraq.The area of study is located in the Southern part of Iraq at the Luhaisand Rachi oil fields, within the Mesopotamian basin. The thickness of the Zubair Formation is about 450 m in the studied area. It is divided into three lithofacies:- The upper unit is composed mostly of shale layers, the middle unit is consists of thick layers of sandstone rocks and the lower ones is consists mainly of Shale with less sandstone layers. These units are characterized by three types of petrophysical features according to total porosity/effective porosity: - High-moderate effective porosity rocks (type I), moderate effective porosity rocks (type II) and low-non pores rocks (type III). The upper unit of theZubair Formation at the Luhais oil field is characterized by two horizons. The first is showing high resistivity-high gamma ray which represents the upper part; while the lower ones is shown low resistivity-low gamma ray. There are two good reservoir horizones with high oil saturation (low water saturation) in this unit at the Rachi oil field and Lu-3 borehole, while at the Lu-12 is appeared as one uncontaneoushorizon. The middle is characterized by two subzones in the southwestern part of Luhais oil field (Lu-12). The upper one characterized by high- moderate effective porosity while the lower one characterized by moderate effective porosity because of presence a low volume of shale. This unit is dominated by low resistivity-low gamma ray with three susbended bands of high resistivity-low gamma ray, these appeared in both studied oil fields. The high percentage of water saturation in this unit caused the lack of clarity of the oil saturation, which appears in narrow bands The lower unit is represented the shale – dominated member of Zubair Formation, with low to non-pores rocks. This appeared in all studied wells. There are limit presences for the high- moderate effective porosity of rock within the sand bands lithofacies appears in these wells. This unit is characterized by alternative the high resistivity-high gamma ray horizon with the low resistivity-low gamma ray horizon as four cycles. There are two good reservoir horizons with high oil saturation (low water saturation) in this unit with a distribution similar to that found in the upper part. From the reservoir geology which represent by property modelling, preparing data, construction of three-dimension clump and scale up for the studied oil fields. The Rachi oil field is appeared the better hydrocarbon saturation compared to Luhais oil field, although the Luhais oil field (Lu-3 and Lu-12) is the best of pertophysicalproperties. This indicates that the Rachi oil field was affected by the structural position as indicated by the model, while the model did not show any structural properties in the field of Lahis. Therefore, the structural and/or stratigraphic positions have the greatest influence on the hydrocarbon accumulation, regardless of petrophysical properties

Some Immunological Evaluations of Propolis in Albino Male Mice

Propolis is a complex resinous bee product that has a wide range of biological activities. In the present investigation, two oral doses (10 and 20 mg/kg/day) of propolis (ethanol extract) were evaluated immunologically in albino male mice (80 animals) through three types of experiments. In the first, the propolis was tested alone, while in the second and third experiments, propolis was given before and after the immune suppressive drug MMC (pre- and post treatments, respectively). The three experiments were paralleled with three negative controls, in which the propolis was replaced with distilled water. In the first experiment, the dose 10 mg/kg of propolis enhanced the parameters investigated, and a significant increase was observed in the total count of leucocytes (10.7 vs. 7.8 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood), lymphocytes (7.0 vs. 5.3 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood), neutrophils (2.9 vs. 2.1 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood), monocytes (0.5 vs. 0.3 x 103 cells/cu.mm.blood) and eosinophils (0.3 vs. 0.1 x 103 cells/cu.mm. blood), PI (15.2 vs. 10.8%), PFC (72 vs. 38%), AR (0.84 vs. 0.57 mm) and DTH (0.68 vs. 0.40) as compared to negative controls. Much more enhancements were observed in the dose 20 mg/kg. In the second and third experiments, a similar picture was drawn in the interaction of propolis (pre- and posttreatments) with MMC, in which the propolis extract was able to modulate the immune suppressive effect of MMC, and this was dependent on the type of treatment and dose, and again, the dose 20 mg/kg was more effective in this respect

Brain energy rescue:an emerging therapeutic concept for neurodegenerative disorders of ageing

The brain requires a continuous supply of energy in the form of ATP, most of which is produced from glucose by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, complemented by aerobic glycolysis in the cytoplasm. When glucose levels are limited, ketone bodies generated in the liver and lactate derived from exercising skeletal muscle can also become important energy substrates for the brain. In neurodegenerative disorders of ageing, brain glucose metabolism deteriorates in a progressive, region-specific and disease-specific manner — a problem that is best characterized in Alzheimer disease, where it begins presymptomatically. This Review discusses the status and prospects of therapeutic strategies for countering neurodegenerative disorders of ageing by improving, preserving or rescuing brain energetics. The approaches described include restoring oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, increasing insulin sensitivity, correcting mitochondrial dysfunction, ketone-based interventions, acting via hormones that modulate cerebral energetics, RNA therapeutics and complementary multimodal lifestyle changes

Serum total sialic acid levels as an indicator

Forty patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) were tested for the serum levels of total sialic acid(TSA) and the immunoglobulins before and after treatnemnt with six diffrent chemotherapy protocols while significantl

Sellar hematoma as a new potential radiological clue for superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm rupture

Background. In cases of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) detected on angiography, some radiological clues assist in determining the site of a ruptured aneurysm which is bleeding is quite beneficial for the selection of the best treatment strategy. Case description. We report a case of a 60 years old patient who presented with spontaneous SAH, sellar hematoma, and three different aneurysms detected in angiography. Although the right Posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms showed Murphy’s teat on angiography intraoperatively, we discovered that the right superior hypophyseal aneurysm (SHA) was the source of the index bleeding. Both aneurysms were clipped successfully. Conclusion. From the preoperative radiological and intraoperative surgical findings, we propose that sellar hematoma on a non-contrast CT scan is a new potential sign to be correlated with superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm rupture

Sellar hematoma as a new potential radiological clue for superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm rupture: A case report

Background. In cases of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) detected on angiography, some radiological clues assist in determining the site of a ruptured aneurysm which is bleeding is quite beneficial for the selection of the best treatment strategy. Case description. We report a case of a 60 years old patient who presented with spontaneous SAH, sellar hematoma, and three different aneurysms detected in angiography. Although the right Posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms showed Murphy’s teat on angiography intraoperatively, we discovered that the right superior hypophyseal aneurysm (SHA) was the source of the index bleeding. Both aneurysms were clipped successfully. Conclusion. From the preoperative radiological and intraoperative surgical findings, we propose that sellar hematoma on a non-contrast CT scan is a new potential sign to be correlated with superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm rupture

Detecting false messages in the smartphone fault reporting system

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart City allows mobile application developers to develop reporting services with an aim for local citizens to interact with municipalities regarding city issues in an efficient manner. However, the credibility of the messages sent rise as a great challenge when users intentionally send false reports through the application. In this research, an evidence detection framework is developed and divided into three parts that are a data source, IoT device’s false text classification engine and output. Text-oriented digital evidence from an IoT mobile reporting service is analyzed to identify suitable text classifier and to build this framework. The Agile model that consists of define, design, build and test is used for the development of the false text classification engine. Focus given on text-based data that does not include encrypted messages. Our proposed framework able to achieve 97% of accuracy and showed the highest detection rate using SVM compared to other classifiers. The result shows that the proposed framework is able to aid digital forensic evidence experts in their initial investigation on detecting false report of a mobile reporting service application in the IoT environment