Al Sheikh Abdul Hakim Zuein, Imam and the third preacher of the Great Mosque of Fallujah: A Study of his Life

This paper deals with an under-researched figure who preached across Iraq, particularly in Fallujah. He lived during the Ottoman and royal eras and worked as an imam and preacher in their army. Sheikh Abdul Hakim Zuein was a veteran, serving as an imam and preacher at the Great Mosque of Fallujah from 1928 to 1930. He passed away in 1947 and was buried in Baghdad

Evaluating the mechanical properties of Epoxy resin with Fly ash and Silica fume as fillers

Composite material consists of merging two composite materials or more are different in mechanical and physical properties, in this study a composite polymeric material has been prepared, it's mainly used in treatment of cracks that happened in concrete slabs, by using Epoxy resin as a major substance in work while the filler were the Fly ash and Silica fume. Samples were prepared by hand-made molds has special dimensions according to the American Standards for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and  adding each filler separately with different ratios as ( 10%, 20%, 30 %, 40% and 50%), then  studying the mechanical properties of these material like tensile, hardness, compression, impact and bending properties. Key Words : Epoxy resin, Fly ash, Silica fume, fillers

Kalman Filter of Dynamic Hierarchical Model

In a specific way, the dynamic hierarchical model has been presented alongside with the derivation of the final formula of the Kalman filter. The filtering coefficient used along with the equations necessary for the filtering process has also been determined. Most of the related works were studied which gave rise to the problem statement of filtering problems placed under the case of st = . Most of the basic concepts of the dynamic hierarchical linear model were also displayed based on some previous works. A mathematical formula was also formulated and derived to calculate the dynamic hierarchical Kalman filter model, which results in a repetitive measure to estimate the model parameters. The proposed derived formula reduces the error associated with the model and achieves a successful optimal estimation of the parameters. This proves that the Kalman coefficient is the best filtering for any normal probability distribution and provides the least variance among the estimates. This study also provides an illustrative example of the model with the filtering process concerned. It was further illustrated that the findings can be used in practical applications, which reveals the fields that can be investigated in this area

Attitudes of Saudi nursing Students on AIDs and Predictors of willingness to provide care for patients in Central Saudi Arabia

Objectives. This study aimed to assess HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among Saudi nursing students, and to identify predictors of their willingness to provide care for patients with AIDS. Methods A cross sectional study of 260 baccalaureate nursing students at King Saud bin-Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was done using  a previously validated instrument.  Results. Students’ knowledge percentage mean score (PMS) on HIV/AIDS was 72.93±10.67 reflecting an average level of knowledge. There were many misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted, e.g. use of same toilets and bathrooms and washing clothes together (24.9%), swimming (53.7%) and coughing and sneezing (49.6%). Nursing students reported an overall negative attitude towards AIDS, with a PMS of 43.48±9.21. The majority of students agreed that AIDs patients should be isolated from other patients (83%), and should not share the room with other non-infected patients (81.8%), and some reported that PLWA deserve what has happened to them (24.7%). After controlling for confounders, students’ poor knowledge and negative attitude were associated only with having never been given nursing education as their primary high education (p=0.012 & p=0.01 respectively).  Conclusion. These findings have implications for development of teaching strategies and curricular approaches for nursing to address this health care issue.Â

Microbial Contamination of Date Rutab Collected from the Markets of Al-Hofuf City in Saudi Arabia

The microbial contamination of 60 samples from six date cultivars in the rutab stage purchased from different retail outlets in AL-Hofuf City, Saudi Arabia was studied. All samples were found contaminated with aerobic mesophilic bacteria at loads in the order 102 to 105 cfu/cm2 with some significant differences among varieties that can be attributed to differences in the weather conditions during rutab season. Also all samples, except only one, were contaminated with molds and yeasts at loads in the order 102 to 103 cfu/cm2. Potentially pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 57 samples and A. flavus/parasiticus in 13 samples, while coliforms were detected in 39 samples

Changes in chlorophyll, phenols, sugars and mineral contents of cucumber plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus

Biochemical studies were made to monitor the relationship of chemical components and development of resistance in cucumber plants against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Total soluble phenols, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and mineral nutrients; Potassium, Magnesium, Sodium and Lead were compared among resistant and susceptible varieties. Different metabolites showed different trends among diseased and healthy plants from resistant and susceptible groups of varieties. The phenolic and Magnesium contents increased in the inoculated plants of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. In resistant variety, rise in magnesium concentration in inoculated plants was less as compared to that of inoculated plants of the susceptible varieties. However, the chlorophyll, sugars, potassium were reduced in the inoculated plants of both reaction resistant and susceptible reaction groups. Plants from susceptible group presented a lower of level of nutrients as compared to un-inoculated ones whereas; the changes in sodium contents were not showing any relation to resistance mechanism

Effect of Carbamate Insecticide, Lannate, on the Gonads of Mice

The effect of the carbamate insecticide, lannate, on the gonads of mice was studied. Treating mice with lannate at a dose level of 10mg/kg body weight daily for 3-6 weeks had induced degenerative effects in the gonads, as follows, first in testis, a significant reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules and germinal epithelial height. Histological examination of the testis showed that the seminiferous tubules were elongated and contained reduced spermatogenic cells. The number, of mature sperms was markedly reduced and after 3 weeks the sperm bundles were completely absent. On the other hand, the effect on the ovarian structure showed that, decrease in the number of secondary ovarian follicles and corpora lutea was recorded, while, the number of atretic follicles showed a significant increase. It is speculated that it may be resulted from the inhibition of RNA synthesis due to the effect of lannate

Efecto del injerto poli-quitosano (N-L-lactide) sintetizado sobre el material genético humano

Introduction: Chitosan is one of the natural polymers can generally consider as a biocompatible and biodegradable polycationicpolymer, which has minimum immunogenicity and low cytotoxicity. Therefore, chitosan and its derivatives may represent potentially safe cationic carriers for use in gene delivery. Materials andMethods: Chitosan with 90.1 DD% obtained by deacetylation ofchitin extracted from local shrimp shells. Graft copolymerizationof L-lactide onto chitosan was carried out at room temperature byring opening polymerization under a nitrogen atmosphere to prepare chitosan-g-poly (N-lactide) graft copolymer. It was obtainedin good yield and characterized by FTIR. The samples purity andconcentration were detected using both Nanodrop UV-spectroscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques. The humanheat shock proteins gene, hsp-70, was used as a model of humangenes to study the effect of chitosan-g-poly (N-lactide) graft copolymer. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that chitosan-g-poly (N-lactide) graft copolymers had safety effect on theDNA, and binding with it. the human heat shock proteins gene,hsp-70, was used as a model of human genes to study the effectof chitosan-g-poly (N-lactide) graft copolymer, it shows a goodbinding ability the human gene, implies that it might be used inbiomedical applications in the future. Conclusions: Grafting ofL-lactide onto chitosn by ring opening polymerization was confirmed by FTIR. The repared polymer hase safety effectson human DNA and genes. The chitosan-g-poly (N-lactide) graftcopolymer has shown highly efficiency to electrostatic interactionwith human DNA and gene, implying that it is suitable to be usedas DNA and gene delivery

Identifying leaf rust resistance gene Lr19 in durum wheat using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is an important disease affecting durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) worldwide, particularly in the Mediterranean region. The disease can be controlled through the use of plant host resistance. Based on seedling resistance tests of 103 durum genotypes against a bulk of P. triticina, urediniospores were previously collected from Syria and Lebanon during 2007/08 and 2008/09 growing seasons. Percentage of resistance in the durum set tested was up to 52%. The resistant genotypes might have one of the following resistance gene(s): Lr15, Lr 19, Lr 24, Lr 25, Lr 27 +31, Lr 28 and Lr 29. Results revealed that the Gb/130-bp polymorphic band was linked to Lr19 and Sr25. In this study, twelve genotypes carrying resistance to Lr19 and Sr25 have been identified (Azeghar2, Rutucha1, Ammar9/Azeghar2, Ammar9/Terbol97-4, T.polonicum9/Ch1//Icamor-TA04-68/3/Icamor-TA04-69//(Lahn/ Ch1)2519, Arislahn5//Icamor-TA04- 63/Icasyr1, T.dicoccum1/Ch1//Ammar8/3/Bonadur/Icamor-TA04-63, Mrb3/ T. urartu500651/4/Icamor- TA04-63/3/Bcr/Gro1// Mgnl1, SwAlg/Gd1-81 //Ch1-48, Icamor-TA04-1//Mgnl3/Ainzen1, 319-ADDO/5/D68-1- 93A-1A//Ruff/Fg/3/Mtl5/4/Lahn, and Mrf1/Stj2/3/1718/BT24//Karim). Promising results on Gb/130-bp and genotypes carrying Lr19 and Sr25 will be used in a marker assisted selection of the durum breeding programs in the Mediterranean region.Key words: Puccinia triticina, durum genotypes, Syria, Lebanon, Lr19, Sr25, Gb primer