The efficacy of the CABRI 3D program in increasing academic achievement in mathematics of middle students in Arar City

The present research aimed to investigate the efficacy of the CABRI 3D Program in increasing the academic achievement in mathematics of middle school students in Arar city, Northern Border Region. Through its general objective, the study sought to answer the following key question: Are there statistical differences in the academic achievement in mathematics of the members of the study sample as a result of the implementation of the CABRI 3D Program? Methodology and research methods. The study sample consisted of (70) junior high school students in public schools in Arar city. The sample was distributed randomly between a first control group of (36) students and a second test group of (34) students, who learned using the CABRI 3D Program. After conducting the study, all arithmetic means were extracted, along with the standard deviations of the overall scores of the individuals in the sample, Results, and scientific novelty. The results of the study indicated that the students in the test group on whom the CABRI 3D Program was implemented had better direct and deferred academic achievement than the students in the control group who learned in the traditional way

Females and sport in Saudi Arabia: An analysis of the relationship between sport, region, education, gender, and religion

Abstract Background: on a number of widely used international measures, Saudi Arabia ranks very low compared to other countries with regards to gender equality. For example, according to the World Economic Forum’s 2017 Global Gender Gap Report, the Kingdom is only six places above the worst performing country in the world for gender equality (out of a total of 144 that were ranked). A key feature of this gender inequality is manifested in the domain of sport. Saudi Arabia has only very recently begun to allow sports centres for women and physical education for, initially, girls in private and, more recently (in 2017), in public education. Moreover, even when women and girls have access to opportunities to take part in sport in principle, in practice significant barriers often remain. For example, the agreement of male families or restrictive dress codes, as embodied in laws and social expectations. There is a clear need, therefore, to develop a better understanding of the possible causes of this state of affairs alongside potential policy responses. This need is exacerbated by a relative lack of literature which specifically addresses these issues. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of the inclusivity-relevant relationships between sport, gender, education, region, and religion. Moreover, based on that understanding, this thesis aims to make recommendations on how best to improve gender-inclusivity in sport in Saudi Arabia, in particular to advocate for any improvements to be led by an indigenous Islamic feminist movement. In order to gain the required understanding, the following four research questions will be asked. First, what are the dominant attitudes towards women’s participation in sport in Saudi Arabia? Second, what are the key social, cultural, and civic issues that affect women’s participation in sport in Saudi Arabia? Third, how do different interpretations of Islam influence attitudes towards women’s sport in Saudi Arabia? Fourth, how are the ideas about women’s participation in sport in Saudi Arabia changing? Methods: a mixed methods approach was employed. An exploratory survey was undertaken via a questionnaire which was distributed to 890 individuals (444 responded, 196 women and 248 men) in two locales: the relatively more urban locale of Dammam and the relatively more rural locale of Al Jouf. The questionnaire consisted of structured questions that required the participants to simply select either one or more of the options provided (depending on the question). There were five sections in the questionnaire and each one was designed to provide data relevant to aspects of the research questions. The questionnaire data was designed to produce descriptive statistics to help frame the study. I also conducted some basic relationship analysis of those descriptive statistics. Further, 24 interviews were conducted, 13 in Dammam, and 11 in Al Jouf. In addition, thousands of ‘tweets’ from the micro-blogging site Twitter were examined with a representative sample of 96 selected for discussion. A thematic analysis of both the interview and Twitter data was performed. Alongside this, I developed a theoretical framework that I call ‘pragmatic Islamic feminism’ which is partly inspired by the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault, particularly the latter’s analysis of power and the former’s anti-realist arguments about gender. The underlying philosophical approach I endorse is a pragmatist one in the sense that I decline to resolve the constructivist-positivist debate, or the realist versus anti-realist debate about gender, on pragmatic grounds in both cases. The theoretical framework is also inspired by the Islamic feminist movement which has recently begun to gain momentum in the Arab world. The movement combines feminist ideals with Islamic doctrine and a post-colonial geo-political outlook. Results: Generally, in the sample there is support for women to participate in sport and physical activity, most frequently on health grounds. This support was not explicitly constrained by male authority or Islamic teachings, although religiously-motivated reasoning was apparent in a proportion of the sample. In particular, sex segregation in sport and physical activity was strongly preferred, for a mixture of explicitly religious and social reasons. More specifically, across the data support for women to participate in sport and physical activity was relatively high across education levels, city of origin and gender. However, one restriction on this participation that a majority of respondents across all data-gathering methods agreed upon was that women’s participation in sport should be in accordance with the teachings of Islam, sex segregated, and occur in private settings. The segregation and privacy restrictions often appeared partly motivated, in both the responses to the questionnaire and in interviews, by concerns about women’s sexual virtue. Further, although I do identify some relationship between gender and participants’ attitudes towards women’s participation in sport, which one might expect, the relationship is perhaps less strong than might be predicted, and other relationships between education level or region appeared to be more significant. A key unexpected result from the questionnaire data was the relatively lower degree to which male authority was rated by respondents relative to the other options such as sex segregation and modesty and chastity, which were rated most and second most important respectively. Relatedly, Islamic teaching was rated lower than male authority by respondents in the questionnaire when they were asked to choose between possible barriers to women’s participation in sport, and Islamic teaching was not taken by most respondents to prohibit women’s participation in sport. Nevertheless, in the interview data, religiously-motivated reasoning about women’s participation in sport was frequently apparent. Recommendations: My key recommendation is that there should be a pragmatic approach towards improving gender-inclusivity in Saudi sport. In particular, I recommend that the project of women’s emancipation as a whole, which includes women’s participation in sport, has perhaps the greatest chance of success in Saudi Arabia and socio-politically similar places if it is pursued via an indigenous Islamic feminist movement relatively free from colonial relationships. I also propose approaches that both indigenous and non-indigenous allies of the feminist movement might take to best achieve its goals. Chief among those is what I call the ‘health argument’–which appeals to the Kingdom’s pre-existing significant commitments on improving the health of its female citizens, such as the Vision 2030 development goals, and the overwhelming evidence for the many significant positive mental and physical health outcomes that physical activity can bring. The role that sport can play in increasing physical activity is very significant, I highlight, opening the possibility of increasing gender-inclusivity in sport in the Kingdom by appealing to the health implications of doing so. Finally, I propose that further research should be undertaken to assess how effective the health argument might be across the Saudi population as a whole, and for a qualitative analysis of how Islamic feminism may best navigate the socio-cultural tensions between the desire for progress versus the desire to defend Arabic and Islamic norms in the Saudi populace

SPARC 2017 retrospect & prospects : Salford postgraduate annual research conference book of abstracts

Welcome to the Book of Abstracts for the 2017 SPARC conference. This year we not only celebrate the work of our PGRs but also the 50th anniversary of Salford as a University, which makes this year’s conference extra special. Once again we have received a tremendous contribution from our postgraduate research community; with over 130 presenters, the conference truly showcases a vibrant PGR community at Salford. These abstracts provide a taster of the research strengths of their works, and provide delegates with a reference point for networking and initiating critical debate. With such wide-ranging topics being showcased, we encourage you to exploit this great opportunity to engage with researchers working in different subject areas to your own. To meet global challenges, high impact research inevitably requires interdisciplinary collaboration. This is recognised by all major research funders. Therefore engaging with the work of others and forging collaborations across subject areas is an essential skill for the next generation of researchers

Efficacy of tranexamic acid administration in traumatic brain injury patients: A review

BackgroundAnti-fibrinolytic medications decrease traumatic intracranial haemorrhage (ICH). Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic, which recently has shown effectiveness in management of traumatic haemorrhage‎.AimsTo summarize the randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid administration in traumatic brain ‎injury (TBI) patients‎.‎Methods An electronic literature review, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining RCTs, observational, and experimental studies which study the efficacy of TXA administration in (TBI) patients.ResultsThe current review included 7 randomized studies reported the efficacy of TXA in management of TBI. TXA limit secondary brain injury by preventing the expansion of ICH. Administration of TXA exhibited a tendency to decrease head trauma-related mortality.ConclusionTXA significantly lower the risk of ICU expansion m and prevent brain injury related deaths

The coa, mec, and spa Genes Diversity among Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Health‑care Workers and Patients

Background: Methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterial pathogen that is frequently isolated in both hospital and community environments. MRSA is considered a major nosocomial pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and twenty‑five nasal swabs were collected (100 from health‑care workers and 125 from patients). S. aureus was identified by colony morphology in both blood and mannitol salt agars, catalase and coagulase productions, and also by standard biochemical tests. Susceptibility test to several antimicrobial agents was performed by disc diffusion agar according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of the coa, mecA, and spa gene was carried out in the clinical isolates showed resistant to oxacillin. Results: Among 225 isolates of bacteria, 76 were confirmed to be S. aureus by phenotypic characteristics. Thirty isolates were considered MRSA by susceptibility antimicrobial test. Twenty‑four were confirmed to be S. aureus by the presence of coa gene bands. Twenty‑one S. aureus isolates were confirmed to be MRSA by the presence of mecA gene. The spa gene in health‑care workers was present in 88.88% and for patients was 41.66%. Conclusions: This study is suggestive that the PCR for the detection of coa, mecA, and spa gene is a fast, accurate, and valuable diagnostic tool.Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, coa gene, mecA gene, methicillin‑resistant Staphylococcus aureus, spa gen

The Health Mentor and her Role in Promoting the Healthy behavior of the School Community from the point of view of School Principals in the Tabuk Region

The research aimed to identify the role of the health director in promoting the healthy behavior of the school community from the point of view of school principals in the Tabuk region. The results are the high level of positive health practices carried out by the health director in the school community, as well as the high level of nutritional behavior practices carried out by the health director in the school community, as well as the high level of preventive health measures carried out by the health director in the school community, which shows the high level of the role that The role of the health director in promoting the healthy behavior of the school community from the point of view of the study sample members of the school principals in the Tabuk region The study recommended the necessity of working to maintain the level carried out by the health providing all the capabilities that it needs and helping it to perform its role as efficiently and effectively as possible, which contributes to achieving the goals and vision of the Kingdom 2030 related to the health and school fields, as well as working to pay attention to strengthening the role that It is carried out by the health director in the school community by providing possible to increase their capabilities and skills, and to pay attention to the appointment and selection of distinguished functional competencies in the field of work of the health director and to meet all their needs and requirements

Metadiscourse Analysis of Geography Textbooks for Basic Education in Saudi Arabia

This study identifies the extent of metadiscourse usage in all geography textbook for the elementary and middle schools in Saudi Arabia. For the purpose of analysing the metadiscourse usage,selected texts have been identified. Metadiscourse (informational, attitudinal, and voice) is a way of analyzing directions the author uses to help the readers understand and comprehend the text. The study maintains that geography textbooks suffer a disabling limitation as regards the utilization of the various types of metadiscourse which would, had they been used, enhance the value of the textbooks. As texts are loaded with ideas and information. metadiscourse could have ensured the maximum benefit their authors aimed at. This study.therefore, recommends that any future textbook improvement should make use of the types of metadiscourse

Degendering Knowledge/Bridging the Sexual Difference? / ﺗﺤﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ/ﺭﺃﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ؟

[أصبح مبحث الجنوسة من أهم حقول الدراسات ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ المعاصرة، إذ ينتظم حالياﹰ الفكر الفلسفي والمعرفي ويحتل مركزاﹰ هاماﹰ في المؤسسات التعليمية٠ وتعالج هذه المقالة قضية الجنوسة في علاقتها بالمعرفة ورصد التحيزات الفكرية الذكورية التي انسجمت مع تاريخ الفكر الغربي٠ حيث أن الجنس البيولوجي الوجودي للمفكر أو العالم ظهر بوصفه عاملاﹰ حاسماﹰ في تحديد مصداقية المعرفة أو إجازتها٠ والمتتبع للفكر الغربي يدرك أنه فكر استبعد الأنثى، وبنى هذا الاستبعاد على أساس من ذكورة القائم بأمر المعرفة٠ فالذكر وحده هو المؤهل للقيام بأمور المعرفة غير المتحيزة الأكيدة البعيدة عن كل ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ أو تأثر عاطفي غير موضوعي، بينما أصبحت الأنثى (بسبب تكوينها الجنسي البيولوجي) غير قادرة على دخول معاقل العلم والمعرفة٠ وبهذا يكون الفكر الغربي قد خلط مفهوماﹰ اجتماعياﹰ (الجنوسة) بمفهوم وجودي بيولوجي (التكوين الجنسي للإنسان) حتى يتسنى له تبرير تحيزاته المعرفية٠ ولما كانت قضية الجنوسة متعددة العناصر والعوامل، فإنها اشتبكت بالقضايا السياسية وقضايا البناء الاجتماعي ومفاهيم الأسرة والمفاهيم الفلسفية المختلفة٠ ورغم هذه التشعبات، إلا أن الدراسات الجنوسية انحصرت في قضايا الأنثى والمرأة دفاعاﹰ عن حق المرأة في مجتمع يقوم على استبعادها بسبب تكوينها البيولوجي٠ واتخذ هذا الدفاع طابعاﹰ علمياﹰ أحيانا وسجاليا عدائيا أحياناﹰ أخرى: إذ أثبتت الدراسات الجنوسية النسوية أن الجنوسة مفهوم اجتماعي سياسي، تذرع بستار الجنس البيولوجي لتحقيق سيادة الرجل وتدني الأنثى على سلم المعرفة والطبقية الاجتماعية، وأن مثل هذا التعسف القمعي قد انتظم الفكر الغربي والعلمي منذ فجر التاريخ٠ وقد نجحت الدراسات الجنوسية في إزاحة الستار عن الدوافع الكامنة وراء هذا الخلط والتحيز٠ غير أن للنجاح ثمنه دائماﹰ٠ إذ لم يصاحب مثل هذا النجاح مشروعاﹰ مقبولاﹰ يتلاﻓﻰ هفوات المشروع الذكوري، بل إن البديل الأنثوي يكاد يقلب قضية الأنثى رأساﹰ على عقب٠ والمتتبع للخطاب الأنثوي في هذا المضمار يجده مقنعاﹰ في تأكيده أهمية الجنوسة للإدراك والمعرفة، وفي إصراره على أهمية موقع العارف العالم: أي موقع الأنثى وموقع الذكر في المجتمع وفي العملية التعليمية٠ بل إن كثيرات من المعنيّات بقضايا المعرفة والإبستيمولوجيا أثبتن بما لا يدع مجالاﹰ للشك أن الأنثى تتعلم بطريقة تختلف عن طريقة تعلم الذكر بسبب الفصل الجنوسي المقنن الذي يمارسه المجتمع، وبذلك يدعون إلى الاهتمام بهذا الموقع وهذه الحقيقة التي ترقى الى مستوى الحقيقة العلمية التجريبية٠ لكن ارتباط الجنوسة بالتحيزات الاجتماعية والفلسفية من جهة، وارتباط الدراسات الجنوسية بالحركات السياسية النسوية من جهة ثانية، أملت عليهن المطالبة بإلغاء الفاصل المبني على الجنس، وبذلك يكن قد تنازلن عن حقهن في التميز والاختلاف النوعي٠ فالمرأة إذ تدافع عن حقها في أن تكون أنثى وإذ أثبتت أن الكينونة البيولوجية لا علاقة لها بالمقدرة الإدراكية المعرفية، فإنها في المقابل تطمح (وبشيء من التناقض الحاد) إلى القضاء المبرم على الفاصل الجنوسي بين المذكر والمؤنث، ذلك الفاصل االذي أكدت الأنثى نفسها أهميته٠ هذا المطلب، رغم نزعة المرأة نحوه، لا يحقق العدالة التي تنشدها الأنثى، والخاسر الوحيد في هذه الدعوة هي المرأة التي ستخسر خصوصية الجنوسة التي دافعت عنها٠ وتذهب هذه الدراسة إلى أن مثل هذا التناقض الحاد في الطرح الأنثوي يعود إلى مجموعة أسباب منها: ارتباط دراسات الجنوسة بالحركات النسوية، وربط مفهوف الجنوسة بمفهوم الجنس (مهما حاولت الدراسات عزل المفهومين)، ثم مقدرة الفكر الذكوري على استيعاب ما يتهدده من مخاطر أو فكر مناهض٠ ثم إن الدعوة إلى هدم الفاصل الجنوسي بين المذكر والمؤنث (وهو فاصل أدرك الجميع أنه بنية اجتماعية وليس تكويناﹰ فطرياﹰ بيولوجياﹰ) لا يخدم غير الفكر المهيمن والفكر المهيمن في المحصلة النهائية هو الفكر الذكوري٠ ولذلك تتجسد مفارقة الدعوة إلى هدم الفاصل الجنوسي في رغبة الخطاب الأنثوي بناء تكوين أنثوي له خصائصه المائزة من جهة، ثم هدم الفاصل الجنوسي المتحيز بين المذكر والمؤنث، من جهة ثانية٠ ولئن كان المطلب الأول مباحاﹰ وحقاﹰ مشروعاﹰ، فإن المطلب الثاني يلغي مصداقية المطلب الأول وينفي أهميته٠ وتخلص المقالة الى التمسك بالفاصل الجنوسي وسيلة للتميز والتكامل الحواري، إذ إن الهوية (حتى لو كانت تكويناﹰ اجتماعياﹰ وليس بيولوجيا) تقوم على هذا الفاصل، وما هدم الفاصل الجنوسي سوى حيلة ذكورية تساهم في بقاء الرجل على قمة الهرم المعرفي٠

The Swear to Allah the Almighty (the Permissible) - AThematic Study in Light of the Prophetic Sunnah

The study examined all the Hadiths related to permissible \u27The swear to Allah\u27. The study aimed at identifying the permissible aspects \u27the swear to Allah and determining the difference between the permissible and forbidden \u27The swear to Allah, which many Hadiths warned against committing it. The researcher collected all the related Hadiths from Sunnah books, and categorized them as Marfuu (elevated). These Hadiths were seventeen. Four of them are agreed upon from which two are agreed by Al-Bukhari and Muslim and the other two by Saheeh Muslim; seven Hadiths are authenticated to be \u27Daeef\u27 (weak); and four to be Daeef Djidan (very weak); and only one is categorized to be Mauduu (fabricated). The most important results of the study are: clarifying the number of related Hadiths and their categorization; giving a precise definition of the concept of \u27The swear to Allah\u27; and identifying the aspects of the aspects of \u27the swear to Allah\u27