An error-based variational approach to computational electromagnetics

Imperial Users onl

The development of the content of books of physics at the secondary level in Iraq in the light of the future entrance requirements

    تحدد هدف البحث بمعرفة الموضوعات التي تتضمنها فصول كتب الفيزياء للمرحلة الثانوية في مدارس العراق وكذلك  معرفة ما الموضوعات المقترحة الواجب تضمينها في كتب الفيزياء للمرحلة الثانوية في العراق  في ضوء متطلبات المدخل المستقبلي .     ولقد اقتصر البحث الحالي على كتب الفيزياء للمرحلة الثانوية في العراق والتي يدرسها الطلبة للعام الدراسي( 2016- 2017) م .    ثم اطلع الباحث على جميع كتب الفيزياء في المرحلة الثانوية والتعرف على الموضوعات في فصولها الرئيسة والفرعية , وشرع ببناء أداة تتضمن (29) موضوعاً من الموضوعات الفيزيائية المقترحة وفقا لمتطلبات علوم المستقبل أو ما يدعى بالمدخل المستقبلي ثم وجهت على عينة البحث المتمثلة ب(109) مشرفاً تربوياً ومدرساً ومدرسةً من خلال استبانة وجهة لهم تتضمن الموضوعات المقترحة وبعد تحليل النتائج البحث ،أظهرت أن (19) موضوعاَ من الموضوعات الفيزيائية المقترحة حصلت على نسب اتفاق عالية (85%)  كما حصلت (10) موضوعات على نسبة اقل من (85%) واستناداً إلى نتائج البحث أوصى الباحث ضرورة تضمين الموضوعات الفيزيائية المقترحة والتي حصلت على نسبة اتفاق عالية في كتب الفيزياء للمرحلة الثانوية في العراق وضرورية دراسة هذه الموضوعات المقترحة من قبل اللجان المكلفين بتأليف كتب الفيزياء في المديرية العامة للمناهج في العراق للافادة منها والبحث بالمفاهيم الفيزيائية التي تغطي هذه الموضوعات لتضمينها في هذه الكتب ، و اقترح إجراء دراسات مماثلة لهذا الموضوع في موضوعات العلوم الأخرى كعلوم الحياة والكيمياء والرياضيات وبقية العلوم التي تتطلب التجديد باستمرارSet a goal search to see the topics contained in a book of physics classes at the secondary level in Iraq's schools, as well as find out what topics proposed to be included in the books of physics at the secondary level in Iraq in the light of the future entrance requirements.    The current research was limited to books of physics at the secondary level in Iraq and studied by students for the academic year (2015- 2016) m.      Then the researcher access to all the books of physics at the secondary level and to identify the subjects in classrooms major and minor, as he built the tool include (29) the subject of the proposed physical topics according to the requirements of future science or the so-called future entrance and then presented to the research sample of b (109) supervisors and teachers through a questionnaire and hand them containing proposed themes, and after analyzing the results research, have shown that (19) the subject of the proposed physical topics got attributed to accord a high (85%) also got 10 topics on the proportion of less than (85% ) based on the research results, the researcher recommended the need to include the proposed physical topics which got a high percentage of agreement in the books of physics at the secondary level in Iraq and necessary study proposed by the assigned committees authored books of physics at the Directorate General of curricula in Iraq to take advantage of them and the search of physical concepts that cover topics these topics to be included in these books, as suggested by conducting similar studies of this topic in subjects other Kaalom life sciences, chemistry, mathematics and other sciences that require renewal constantly

A Molecular Approach to Palaeontology: Biochemical Method Applications of Brachiopod Proteins

This work represents a contribution to the larger project of applying immunological or biochemical techniques to gain access to the molecular structure of geological samples. Intra-crystalline molecules were extracted from various brachiopod shells and analysed using SDS-PAGE, which enables the estimation of their molecular weight. The separated molecules were further characterised by employing electroblotting on PVDF membrane and immunostaining techniques (Alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibody). Polyclonal sera were used in this work for their wide range of specificity. The body tissue homogenate of representatives of the two main brachiopod classes were also analysed and characterised using the above mentioned techniques. The amino acid content of the intra-crystalline shell extract and the body tissue homogenate samples were analysed using an ABI 420H analyser. The SDS-PAGE of each of Terebratulina retusa and Neocrania anomala present different separating pattern indicating dissimilarities in their molecular weight. Examined by SDS-PAGE Terebratulina retusa intra-crystalline shell extract displays one band at 29-36 k Da in molecular weight, while Neocrania anomala intra-crystalline shell extract did not show any band under such examination. However, the amino acid analysis of Neocrania anomala sample revealed a significant amount of each amino acid present. Great differences were found in the amino acid contents of the intra-crystalline shell extract of each of T. retusa and N. anomala. The above techniques were applied to hundreds of brachiopod samples and a standard or blank sample were always run according to each method

Verification of [4(1,2-Di Hydro -4,6-Dihydroxy Pyrimidine -2- Yh Thio)-3-Hydroxy-5-(2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-Dioxolan-4-Yl) Furan-2(5H)One] Properties as Antioxidants in Experimental Animals Induced with Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with Oxidative stress which indicates the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defensive antioxidants system. In this work it has been proved that compound [4(1,2-di hydro -4,6-dihydroxy pyrimidine -2- yH thio)-3-hydroxy-5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl) furan-2(5H)one](3A) works as antioxidant compared with other used in this study. Rabbits used  were divided into the induced diabetic rabbits (n=5) , rabbits control (n=5), treatment groups  with following antioxidants  aspirin (n=5) ,GSH(n=5) ,Vitamin C (n=5) and with preparation compound  (3A) (n=5)  which  believed to be as antioxidants, The results show that levels of serum glucose and MDA in diabetic rabbits  were  significantly increased (p<0.000) for both as compared with control group and significantly decreased in treatment groups with aspirin, GSH, Vit C, and   (3 A) while the level of membrane protein has been significantly decreased (p<0.000) as compared with control group and significantly decreased in treatment groups with aspirin, GSH, Vit C, and  (3 A), these results verified that compound ( 3A) considered  as antioxidant, but another study needs to detect the ability to used as drug. Keyword: Diabetes Mellitus, Malondialdehyde(MDA), Aspirin, Reduced glutathione ( GSH), 3A

A proposed energy efficient medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) nodes are broadly used in various sectors nowadays. WSN nodes experience a lot of problems that impact on battery life for sensor node such as, overhearing, collision, hidden node, idle listening, schedule drifts, and high latency. Moreover, WSN nodes are strongly dependent on its limited battery power, and replenishing it again is difficult as nodes are organized in an ad-hoc manner. Energy consumption is the most vital factor to determine the life of a sensor network because sensor nodes are driven by low battery resources. An approach to conserve energy in WSN nodes is to carefully design its Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. Several previous work has been carried out to mitigate many problems that impact on battery life for sensor node such as overhearing, collision, and hidden node. This dissertation attempts to design, a hybrid Energy-Efficient MAC (EEMAC) protocol to address the energy issues that are related to WSN nodes. This protocol aims to reduce idle listening times as well as lowering the latency time thus reducing the energy consumption. The proposed protocol has been developed and analysed using the ns-2 simulator. A mathematical model was used to verify and prove the efficiency of the proposed protocol. We have compared our proposed EE-MAC protocol with the existing contention-based IEEE 802.11 PSM protocol. The simulation results illustrate EE-MAC has achieved better energy conservation than the IEEE 802.11 PSM protocol

Impaired Wound Healing and Inflammation: The Role of the Dermal Fibroblast. Phenotypic Changes in the Human Dermal Fibroblast with Inflammation; Potential Impact on Wound Healing

Dermal fibroblasts positively contribute throughout the wounding response by secreting a profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the wound milieu. However, a chronically inflamed environment will, cause detrimental effects on the functional, secretory, and molecular properties of these cells. This study aims to understand how the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α modulates both healthy and diabetic dermal fibroblast phenotype. To mimic a chronic inflammatory environment and assess whether fibroblasts respond similarly in different anatomical sites, donor-matched fibroblasts from face and scalp were pre-incubated for 3 days with different concentrations (2.5, 25 or 250 ng/ml) of TNF-α. All concentrations significantly impaired proliferation by day 14 in cells from both sites and stimulated (papillary) metabolic activity at day 14. However, this did not correlate with an increase in papillary cell senescence since this did not appear until passage 17, and then only at a supra pathophysiological concentration. Migration of dermal fibroblasts, assessed by the scratch assay. TNF-α significantly inhibited the cells migration, particularly in diabetic fibroblasts, suggesting they are more sensitive to TNF-α. Since TNF-α may stimulate the secretion of soluble paracrine factors by dermal fibroblasts, conditioned medium was collected to assess its effect on other dermal fibroblasts, however, this had no significant effect on migration. However, using gelatin zymography, it was found that TNF-α did stimulate the secretion of soluble paracrine factors that induce MMP activity in non-diabetic fibroblasts, mirroring previous observations that a pro-inflammatory environment can increase proteolytic activity, and indicating that diabetic fibroblasts were again more sensitive than healthy. No difference was observed with MMP-9 activity and nor did the results with dermal fibroblasts reach statistical significance, perhaps because of a relatively low n-number. The ability of TNF-α to modulate the expression of genes associated with the ECM (MMP-1, -2, -9, TIMP-1, and -2) and senescence (Sirt1 and 6) was investigated. There was no change in Sirt1 and Sirt6 expression and no evidence of paracrine effects (conditioned medium) on any of the genes. TNF-α significantly induced mRNA expression of MMP-1 in healthy non-scratched and scratched diabetic fibroblasts, and TIMP-1 in healthy non-scratched cells. There was also considerable donor variability that prevented statistical significance being achieved under the other conditions. The secretion of various cytokines associated with inflammation was compared in healthy and diabetic fibroblasts in the presence and absence of TNF-α. Seven cytokines were secreted, by healthy and diabetic male and female fibroblasts, although diabetic female fibroblasts did not secrete two of them. TNF-α stimulated secretion of cytokines in healthy and diabetic, male and female cells but the profiles of those released were different between the different groups. There was no TNF-α induced paracrine effect on cytokine secretion by healthy dermal fibroblasts. In conclusion, changes in the microenvironment and the influx of pro inflammatory cytokines may significantly alter the dermal fibroblast phenotype. Understanding these functional and molecular changes in response to inflammatory cytokines will give a better understanding of the differences between fibroblast activity in normal physiological wound healing and chronic or diabetic non-healing wounds

Letter in Reply: Appendiceal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor and HIV Infection, An Association Not To Be Missed

We read with interest the comments made by Al-Mendalawi on our publication, and we thank him for his useful comments and suggestions

Circumventing the fuzzy type reduction for autonomous vehicle controller

Fuzzy type-2 controllers can easily deal with systems nonlinearity and utilise humans’ expertise to solve many complex control problems; they are also very good at processing uncertainty, which exists in many robotic systems, such as autonomous vehicles. However, their computational cost is high, especially at the type reduction stage. In this research, it is aimed to reduce the computation cost of the type reduction stage, thus to facilitate faster performance speed and increase the number of actions able to be operated in one microprocessor. Proposed here are adaptive integration principles with a binary successive search technique to locate the straight or semi-straight segments of a fuzzy set, thus to use them in achieving faster weighted average computation. This computation is very important because it runs frequently in many type reductions. A variable adaptation rate is suggested during the type reduction iterations to reduce the computation cost further. The influence of the proposed approaches on the fuzzy type-2 controller’s error has been mathematically analysed and then experimentally measured using a wall-following behaviour, which is the most important action for many autonomous vehicles. The resultant execution time-gain of the proposed technique has reached to 200%. This evaluated with respect to the execution time of the original, unmodified, type reduction procedure. This study develops a new accelerated version of the enhanced Karnik-Mendel type reducer by using better initialisations and better indexing scheme. The resulting performance time-gain reached 170%, with respect to the original version. A further cut in the type reduction time is achieved by proposing a One-Go type reduction procedure. This technique can reduce multiple sets altogether in one pass, thus eliminating much of the redundant calculations needed to carry out the reduction individually. All the proposed type reduction enhancements were evaluated in terms of their execution time-gain and performance error using every possible fuzzy firing level combination. Tests were then performed using a real autonomous vehicle, navigates in a relatively complex arena field with acute, right, obtuse, and reflex angled corners, to assure evaluating wide variety of operation conditions. A simplified state hold technique using Schmitt-trigger principles and dynamic sense pattern control was suggested and implemented to assure small rule base size and to obtain more accurate evaluation of the type reduction stages