Sistem Penakar Bahan Baku Premix Roti Manis Menggunakan Metode PID

Proses penakaran pada premix roti manis menjadi tahapan penting yang merupakan proses awal pada pembuatan roti manis. Ketika proses penakaran bahan baku premix roti manis, posisi putaran motor stepper perlu di tentukan agar tidak merusak tekstur roti manis. Kontrol terhadap posisi motor dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan hasil takaran premix roti manis yang sesuai. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut penggunaan kontrol posisi motor stepper menggunakan metode Propotional Integral Derivative (PID) diaplikasikan, untuk mendapatkan hasil takaran premix roti manis yang sesuai. A4988 sebagai driver motor digunakan agar mampu mengontrol nilai posisi motor stepper berdasarkan set point yang diinginkan. Posisi motor stepper di atur pada posisi 100 step, sehingga diharapkan mampu menghasilkan takaran premix roti manis yang sesuai. Berdasarkan pemodelan Ziegler Nichols ke-1 dan trial pada arduino mega 2560, kontroler PI dengan nilai Kp = 1,55 dan Ki = 15,8 menghasilkan respons sistem yang baik dengan nilai error = 0,2%

ANALISA DAYA DAN KONTROL KECEPATAN MOTOR PADA ALAT BANTU LAS ROTARY POSITIONER TABLE

Rotary Positioner Table is one of the welding aids that are widely used industrial world especially welding with the intention of facilitating welder to work on certain products. As the name implies Positioner which means positioning where the tool in this design can position the welding object freely according to the correct position and comfortable for people who are doing welding. This tool can be applied to drill the hole circle the same distance on the flange, to cut the round pieces , for welding pipes, welding shafts, discs, truck rims, etc.The selection of motor types and speed control becomes very important to support the performance of this tool which is expected to be used for welding with a maximum work load of 100 kg with vertical welding position. For that matter proper analysis is needed to determine the motor power and rotation speed of the turntable in order to get the best welding results. The way this Positioner tool works mechanically by rotating the rotary axis (lever) that has been made, to adjust the angle manually. This positioner can move on the X, Y, and Z axes

Neurocognitive function in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy

OBJECTIVE To describe factors associated with neurocognitive (NC) function in HIV-positive patients on stable combination antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN We undertook a cross-sectional analysis assessing NC data obtained at baseline in patients entering the Protease-Inhibitor-Monotherapy-Versus-Ongoing-Triple therapy (PIVOT) trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE NC testing comprised of 5 domains. Raw results were z-transformed using standard and demographically adjusted normative datasets (ND). Global z-scores (NPZ-5) were derived from averaging the 5 domains and percentage of subjects with test scores >1 standard deviation (SD) below population means in at least two domains (abnormal Frascati score) calculated. Patient characteristics associated with NC results were assessed using multivariable linear regression. RESULTS Of the 587 patients in PIVOT, 557 had full NC results and were included. 77% were male, 68% Caucasian and 28% of Black ethnicity. Mean (SD) baseline and nadir CD4+ lymphocyte counts were 553(217) and 177(117) cells/µL, respectively, and HIV RNA was <50 copies/mL in all. Median (IQR) NPZ-5 score was -0.5 (-1.2/-0) overall, and -0.3 (-0.7/0.1) and -1.4 (-2/-0.8) in subjects of Caucasian and Black ethnicity, respectively. Abnormal Frascati scores using the standard-ND were observed in 51%, 38%, and 81%, respectively, of subjects overall, Caucasian and Black ethnicity (p<0.001), but in 62% and 69% of Caucasian and Black subjects using demographically adjusted-ND (p = 0.20). In the multivariate analysis, only Black ethnicity was associated with poorer NPZ-5 scores (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this large group of HIV-infected subjects with viral load suppression, ethnicity but not HIV-disease factors is closely associated with NC results. The prevalence of abnormal results is highly dependent on control datasets utilised. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01230580

Mental versus physical fatigue after subarachnoid hemorrhage:differential associations with outcome

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a major consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the specific characteristics are unclear. Our objective was to investigate the nature of post-SAH fatigue (mental or physical) and to determine the relationship with functional outcome in the chronic stage. Also, the possible influence of mood disorders and acute SAH-related factors (SAH type and external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage) on the presence of fatigue was investigated. METHODS: Patients with an aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) or angiographically negative SAH (anSAH) were assessed 3 to 10 years post-SAH (N = 221). Questionnaires were used to investigate mental and physical fatigue and mood. Functional outcome was examined with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE). Between-group comparisons and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS: Frequencies of mental and physical fatigue were 48.4% and 38.5% respectively, with prevalence of mental fatigue being significantly higher. A two-way ANOVA with SAH type and external CSF drainage as independent variables and mental fatigue as dependent variable, showed a significant main effect of CSF drainage only (p < 0.001). Only mental fatigue explained a significant part of the variance in long-term functional outcome (Model χ2 = 52.99, p < 0.001; Nagelkerke R² = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Mental fatigue after SAH is a serious burden to the patient and is associated with impaired long-term functional outcome. Distinguishing different aspects of fatigue is relevant as mental post-SAH fatigue might be a target for treatment aimed to improve long-term outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved