Synthetic, Spectroscopic And Antibacterial Studies Of Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II)Mixed Ligand Complexes Of Nicotinamide And Cephalexin antibiotics

Mixed  ligand complexes of bivalent metal  ions, viz; M= Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) of  the composition [M(Ceph)(NA)3]Cl  in 1:1:3  molar  ratio,  (where  Ceph = Cephalexin  and NA = Nicotinamide have  been  synthesized and  characterized  by  repeated  melting  point  determination, Solubility, Molar conductivity, determination  the percentage of  the metal  in  the  complexes  by  flame(AAS),  FT-IR, magnetic  susceptibility  measurements  and  electronic  spectral  data.  The   ligands and  their metal complexes were  screened  for  their antimicrobial activity against  six bacteria(gram +ve) and (gram -ve). Key words:(Cephalexin antibiotics,Nicotinamide ,mixed ligand) Complexes,Antibacterial activities, and spectral studie

Synthesis and Characterization of Complexes of Schiff Base [1, 2-Diphenyl -2- 2-{[1-(3-Amino-Phenyl)-Ethylidene]-Hydrazono Methyl}-Phenol] with Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) Ions

The new tridentate Schiff base ligand (HL)namely 2-{[1-(3-amino-phenyl)-ethylidene]-hydrazono methyl}-phenol containing (N N O)as donors atoms  was prepared in two steps:Step (1): By the reaction of 3-aminoacetophenone with hydrazine monohydrate under reflux in methanol and drops of glacial acetic acid gave the intermediate compound 3-(1- hydrazono ethyl)-phenol amine.Step (2): By the reaction of 3-(1-hydrazono ethyl)-phenol amine with salicyaldehyde under reflux in methanol, gave the ligand (HL).The prepared ligand was characterized by I.R, U.V-Vis,1H- 13C NMR spectra and melting point and reacted with some metal ions under reflux in methanol with (1:1) ratio gave complexes of the general formula: [MClL]. Where: M= Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II).Products were found to be solid crystalline complexes, which have been characterized through the following techniques:Molar conductivity .Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis], additional measurement magnetic suspeliblity and  Chloride  content, The magnetic moment coupled with the electronic spectra suggested an  tetrahedral geometry for all the complexes except[ NiClL] is Square-planar.The nature of the complexes formed were studied by Mole Ratio and  the stability constant of the complexes have also been studied. Key words: spectral studies , tridentate Schiff base, 3-aminoacetophenone, hydrazine monohydrate complexe

Preparation , Characterization and Antimicrobial activities of {Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II)}Mixed Ligand Complexes Schiff base derived from Cephalexin drug and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde with Nicotinamide

New Schiff base ligand (Z)-7-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-2-phenylacetamido)-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid = (HL)was prepared via condensation of Cephalexin and 4(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde in methanol . Polydentate  mixed ligand  complexes were obtained from 1:1:2  molar ratio reactions with metal ions and HL, 2NA  on reaction with MCl2 .nH2O salt yields complexes corresponding to the formulas [M(L)(NA)2Cl] ,where M = Fe(II),Co(II),Ni(II),Cu(II),and Zn(II) and   NA=nicotinamide . The 1H-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis were   used for the characterization of the ligand. The complexes were structurally studied through AAS, FT-IR, UV-Vis, chloride contents, conductance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All complexes are non-electrolytes in DMSO solution. Octahedral geometries have been suggested for each of the complexes. the Schiff base ligands function as tridentates and the deprotonated enolic form is preferred for coordination. In order to evaluate the effect ofthe bactericidal activity, these synthesized complexes, in comparison to the uncomplexed Schiff base has been screened against bacterial species., Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coil and the results are reported. Key words:(Cephalexin drug, Nicotinamide ,mixed ligand) Complexes, Antibacterial activities, and spectral studie

Tribological and Tribochemical Behaviour of Machine Elements Having DLC/Cast Iron Interfaces and Lubricated with MoDTC-Type Friction Modifier

Due to the importance of reducing CO2 emissions and improving fuel economy, many researchers have focused on studying the cam/follower contact and the ways to reduce friction (improve engine efficiency) and avoid wear (enhance engine durability). This thesis addresses aspects of tribology and tribochemistry of a cam/follower interface with consideration of how the surface/lubricant interaction affect the system performance. A Mini Traction Machine (MTM) was used to evaluate different lubricant formulations as well as to examine the tribofilm formation under pure sliding and sliding/rolling contacts. A Single Cam Rig (SCR), taken from 1.25L FORD Zetec (SE) engine, was also used in this work in order to investigate the friction, wear and Tribochemical performance of the camlobes/tappets as a function of tappet clearance and type of coating. In addition, a new technique of measuring tappet rotation using a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor coupled with a split pole ferrite disk magnet has also been developed in this study. Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Focused Ion Beam (FIB) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were performed on the surfaces to understand the tribochemical interactions between oil additives and the cam/follower interface. Results obtained from MTM tribometer showed that the sliding/rolling ratio affects friction, wear and tribochemistry in CI/DLC systems; pure sliding enhances MoDTC activation. MoDTC decomposes to form MoS2, FeMoO4 and not MoO3. In addition, it was observed that the MoS2/FeMoO4 ratio depends on test conditions and affects the friction performance. The results obtained from SCR tribometer closely support those in the MTM tribometer and that link between tribometer and component testing is discussed. In addition, the chemistry of the tribofilm derived on camlobes and tappets varies as a function of tappet clearance and cam profile. In terms of tappet rotation, results showed that Molybdenum Dialkyl Dithiocarbamate (MoDTC) and Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) coating promoted the rotation of the tappet. Furthermore, the tappet rotation is strongly dependent on oil formulation, clearance, speed/temperature, and surface roughness of the coating

Metal Complexes of Multidentate N2S2 Heterocyclic Schiff-base Ligands;Formation, Structural Characterisation and Biological Activity

The synthesis of ligands with N2S2 donor sets that include imine, an amide, thioether, thiolate moieties and their metal complexes were achieved. The new Schiff-base ligands; N-(2-((2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-acetamide (H2L1) and N-(2-((2,4-di-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio) acetamide (H2L2) were obtained from the reaction of amine precursors with 1,4-dithian-2-one in the presence of triethylamine as a base in the CHCl3 medium. Complexes of the general formula K2[M(Ln)Cl2], (where: M = Mn (II), Co(II) and Ni(II)) and [M(Ln)], (where: M = Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II); n =1-2, expect [Cu(HL2)Cl]) were isolated. The entity of ligands and complexes including their purity were confirmed using elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.S), atomic absorption (A.A), chloride content, conductivity measurement's, melting point and thermal analysis technique. The molecular structures were elucidated with FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, 1H-and 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The synthesised compounds were evaluated for their activity against bacterial strains (G+ and G-) and fungi species. The tested compounds indicated that; the ligands have not shown any antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The Cd(II) complexes, for ligands H2L1 and H2L2, display the higher antimicrobial activity, compared with the other complexes. The H2L1 and H2L2 have not shown any activity against Candida albicans. All complexes for ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) exhibited less activity against Candida albicans, compared with other types of fungi

Six-coordinate oxime-imine cobalt(III) complexes with amino acid co-ligands; synthesis and characterisation

In this publication, several six coordinate Co(III)-complexes are reported. The reaction of 2,3-butanedione monoxime with ethylenediamine or o-phenylenediamine in mole ratios of 2:1 gave the tetradentate imine-oxime ligands diaminoethane-N,N`-bis(2-butylidine-3-onedioxime) H2L1 and o-phenylenediamine-N,N`-bis(2-butylidine-3-onedioxime), respectively. The reaction of H2L1 and H2L2 with Co(NO3)2, and the amino acid co-ligands (glycine or serine) resulted in the formation of the required complexes. Upon complex formation, the ligands behave as a neutral tetradantate species, while the amino acid co-ligand acts as a monobasic species. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes were determined through physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed octahedral geometry about Co(III) complexes in which the co-ligands bound through the amine and the carboxylate groups. Molecular structure for the complexes have been optimised by CS Chem 3D Ultra Molecular Modelling and Analysis Program and supported six coordinate geometry

Detection of mouse spermatocyte's DNA damage in vitro and in vivo using FISH assay

The present study was designed in order to detect DNA damage of spermatocytes in vitro and in vivo in white mice, with explaining fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH assay. The study conducting on seventy (70) male mouse were kept in animals' house in a college of Veterinary Medicine in Baghdad University and fed on special pellet and drank on tap water in special bottles, divided into three groups. 1st group; Thirty mice were treated (in vivo) by intraperitoneal injection with 0.1mg/10gm B.W. of vincristine sulfate weekly for three weeks. 2nd group; Sperms were collected from thirty mice and treated (in vitro) weekly for three weeks with 0.01mg /ml of vincristine sulfate. 3rd group; ten mice treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.1ml of distilled water and consider as a control group. Results were showed evident of DNA damage in TK (11qE2)/Y gene of spermatocytes, which diagnosed by using fluorescence microscopy after application of FISH procedure in the laboratory. The percentage of green signals and red signals indicated the defect in DNA of spermatocytes, increase percent of each refers to increase damage in chromosomes of sperms. In conclusion, using of vincristine chemotherapy has genotoxic effects on mouse's' sperms in vivo and in vitro

Metal Complexes of Macrocyclic Schiff-Base Ligand: Preparation, Characterisation, and Biological Activity

A new macrocyclic multidentate Schiff-base ligand Na4L consisting of two submacrocyclic units (10,21-bis-iminomethyl-3,6,14,17-tricyclo[17.3.1.18,12]tetracosa-1(23),2,6,8,10,12(24),13,17,19,21,-decaene-23,24-disodium) and its tetranuclear metal complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) are reported. Na4L was prepared via a template approach, which is based on the condensation reaction of sodium 2,4,6-triformyl phenolate with ethylenediamine in mole ratios of 2 : 3. The tetranuclear macrocyclic-based complexes were prepared from the reaction of the corresponding metal chloride with the ligand. The mode of bonding and overall geometry of the compounds were determined through physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. These studies revealed tetrahedral geometries about Mn, Co, and Zn atoms. However, square planar geometries have been suggested for NiII and CuII complexes. Biological activity of the ligand and its metal complexes against Gram positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli revealed that the metal complexes become more potentially resistive to the microbial activities as compared to the free ligand. However, these metal complexes do not exhibit any effects on the activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. There is therefore no inhibition zone

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Selected Cigarettes and Syrupy Tobacco (Mu'assel) Brands Smoking in Baghdad Market Iraq

Smoking related diseases can be attributed to the inhalation of many different toxins including heavy metals which have a host of detrimental health effects. The current study reports the levels of cadmium (Cd) , Nickel (Ni), cupper(Cu), Iron(Fe), Zinc(Zn) and lead(Pb) in cigarettes and syrupy tobacco(Mu՝ assel)obtained from Baghdad – Iraq Markets.The mean concentrations of Cd,Ni,Cu,Fe,Zn and Pb were (26),(0.29),(0.42),(1000),(45.3)and (0.26) ppm  repectively .There were some differences in metal concentrations of cigarette brands producted by different manufacturers suggesting differences in the source of tobaccos used by different companies . For (Ni) , there were significant pairwis differences between Aspin and Al AMASE (Bountry) Mu՝ assel brands. For (Fe)AlAmase (Bountry)Brands had higher levels than Pine brands. Levels of (Cd) and (Pb) did not differ significantly across manufacturer group. Beacouse of the varity of toxic heavy metals in different brands of cigarette tobacco and their numerous negative health effects metal content in cigarette tobacco should be reduced. Keywords: Metal, Toxicity, Tobacco, smoking, Mu՝asse

Synthesis And Characterization of Novel Functionalized Tetradentate Ligand Type H3NS3 And Its Metal Complexes With Re(V), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) & Hg(II)

This work represents the preparation of the tetradentate ligand H3NS3 (H3L) andits metal complexes with rhenium(V), nickle(II), copper(II), cadmium(II) andmercurry(II) metal ions. The ligand and its complexes were characterized when neededby Infrared, Ultraviolet–visible, HPLC, Mass, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, andatomic absorption spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and electricalconductivity. The proposed structure for (H3NS3) with Re(V) is square pyramidal, withNi(II) is distorted square planar, and with the rest of metal ions is distorted tetrahedra