Pathogenicity Of Pasteurella Multocida Serotypes A:3, D:1 And D:3 In Rabbits

Eighty-two isolates of P. multocida were recovered from healthy and diseased rabbits in a rabbitry at Universiti Putra Malaysia. S ixty three isolates were obtained from adult rabbits and 1 9 isolates were from juvenile rabbits. Bacterial identification by biochemical tests, capsular and somatic serotyping and sensitivity to the antimicrobials were conducted. Capsular typing revealed that the major capsular type was type A (89%), while type D was less frequent ( 1 1 %). Somatic serotyping of 46 isolates showed that serotypes 1 and 3 were more frequent among the capsular types. Most isolates were sensitive to several common antimicrobials but some were resistant to neomycin, penicillin, cloxacillin and tetracycline. Six of 40 isolates of P. multocida from healthy ( 1 8 isolates) and diseased (22 isolates) rabbits were found to harbour plasmids. There was no correlation between presence of plasmids and serotype, resistance to antimicrobial agents and from the site which the bacteria were cultured. Random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was applied to subtype 40 P. multocida isolates using two single primers to test their abilities to generate individual fingerprints. A wide heterogeneity within the isolates was observed. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the 40 isolates revealed over 40 protein bands with high molecular weight bands indicating striking homogeneity among the isolates. Twenty-two different patterns were observed

Self- Categorization of University Students

Identification of the following is the goal of the current study: 1- The Self – Categorization of the university students. Students at Babylon University make up the study's population. (Morning Study) including both genders (males and females) that majoring (Scientific and Humanities) studies for the school year 2022-2023. The research sample consisted of (380) male and female students were selected by stratified random method with appropriate distribution, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher adopted the self-classification scale (Al-Saadi 2010) in this research, based on the theory (Turner 1979) It was presented to a group of specialized arbitrators to judge the validity of its paragraphs, and then the psychometric properties were extracted for it through the application to the research sample of (380) male and female students, and the value of the stability coefficient by Alpha Cronbach method (0.8 5) and by re-testing method (0.81) After the scale became in its final form (42) items, the researcher applied it to the research sample of (380) male and female students, and the researcher built a scale of emotional dissonance based on the theory (1983, Hochschild ) of emotional dissonance As well as it was presented to a group of experts arbitrators were also extracted psychometric properties of it, as the coefficient of stability of the scale in the manner of Alpha Cronbach (0.8 8) and the method of re-testing (0.83) and after confirming the validity of the scale was applied in its final form (30) paragraph on the research sample. After finishing the application, the researcher utilized the proper statistical techniques to analyze the data with the help of the statistical bag for social sciences, and the results of the research showed the following: 1- The university students have the ability for Self – Categorizatio

Study of He-Ne Laser Beam Propagation Through Air and Pure, Salt (Still and Turbulence) Water

تم في هذه البحث دراسة خواص حزمة الليزر لمنظومه ليزرية  وبظروف مختلفة عمليا وتم ذلك باستخدام منظومة بصرية احتوت على  ليزر الهليوم نيون ذو الطول الموجي (λ =632.8nm) والقدرة (p=1.04mw) حيث تم دراسة معلمات حزمة الليزر(البقعة, الشكل, الشده) ومن ثم دراسة التوهين والاضطراب  لليزر  وبظروف بيئية مختلفة هي: اولا: دراسة خواص الحزمة الليزرية  في الهواء وعلى مسافات متغيرة .ثانيا: دراسة خواص الحزمة الليزرية للمنظومة في الماء النقي والماء المالح وبتركيز10-5 (ماء البحر) الساكن والمضطرب وعلى مسافات متغيرة. وتم الحصول على القياسات باستخدام (CCDC AMERA) وكاشف سيليكون نوع (PIN) وباستجابة سريعة  0.4-0.7)A/W ). وقد قيست معاملات الامتصاص لكل الحالات. This papers ,study  properties of the laser beam in the  different condition,  By using optical system consist of the (He- Ne) laser ((λ =632.8nm , p=1.04mw)), the parameter beam laser(spot, shape, intensity) were study and also study the attenuation and turbulence for the laser mentioned above and with following environmental condition.(1) in the air (2) in the pure ,slate (seawater)water with concentration 10-5Ml (still, turbulence)  at different distance. Measurement were obtained by using a CCD camera and silicon detector type(Silicon PIN) in fast response (.0.4-0.7)A/W, absorption coefficient value of all cases  was calculated

Ultrastructural pathology of the upper respiratory tract of rabbits experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida A:3

Twenty-four 8 to 9 week-old Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits were divided into three equal groups, the first group was pretreated with hydrocortisone and inoculated intranasally with pasteurella multocida serotype A:3. The second group was inoculated intranasally with P. multocida without hydrocortisone treatment. The third group was inoculated with phosphate buffered saline only and used as a control group. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the nasal cavity of all infected rabbits in group 1 and 2 and from the trachea of seven rabbits in group 1 and five rabbits in group 2. This study was conducted to observe the ultrastructural changes of the upper respiratory tract of hydrocortisone treated and non-treated rabbits infected with P. multocida serotype A:3. The ultrastructural changes detected in infected rabbits were ciliary destruction and deciliation of the ciliated epithelial cells, cellular swelling, goblet cell hyperplasia and endothelial cell damage. Pasteurella multocida was observed attached to the degenerated cilia,microvilli and mucus. Pasteurella multocida infection was associated with inflammatory responses, which may have caused tissue damage. It is possible that hydrocortisone modulates the severity of infection as an immune suppressor and an inhibitor of goblet cell secretion

Ultrastructural Observation of Nasal and Pulmonary Intracellular Pasteurella multocida A:3 in Rabbits

Sixteen 8- to 9-week-old Pasteurella multocida-free rabbits were divided into two equal groups. Eight rabbits in one group were inoculated intranasally with P. multocida type A:3. The other eight were inoculated intranasally with phosphate-bu¡ered saline and used as controls. Nasal swabs taken before and after inoculation were cultured for bacterial isolation. Post-mortem nasal swabs and lung samples were cultured for bacteriological isolation. Nasal mucosa and lung samples were collected and processed for transmission electron microscopy. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the nasal cavity of all infected rabbits and from the lungs of four infected rabbits. Degenerative ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells and endothelial cells were seen in the infected rabbits. Deciliation of the cilated epithelium and hyperplasia of the goblet cells in the nasal mucosa were noted. Thickening of the alveolar septa due to hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, swelling of the endothelial lining of capillaries and in¢ltration of in£ammatory cells were also observed. Intracellular invasion of the nasal epithelial cells and of type II pneumocytes by the organism was observed. Coccobacilli were observed in membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of these cells. The vacuoles were adjacent to the host-cell mitochondria and some of these vacuoles appeared to be fused to the mitochondrial membrane. Some type I pneumocytes with intracellular membrane-bound vacuoles containing bacterial cells showed protrusions, which appeared to detach into the alveolar lumina. These results indicated that P. multocida serotype A:3 in rabbits can invade the epithelial cell and cause structural changes in the interstitium, epithelium and endothelium. Heterophils and macrophages appear to play important roles in tissue injury

Molecular characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolates from rabbits

Forty isolates of Pasteurella multocida from healthy (17 isolates) and diseased (23 isolates) rabbits were assayed for the presence of plasmids in seeking to determine whether any correlation exists between the presence of plasmids and health status, sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, capsular and somatic type, and the anatomic site of isolation. Six isolates were found harboring plasmids. A similar ladder pattern ranging from 18 to 3 megadalton (Mda) were found in three isolates recovered from diseased rabbits. One band of molecular weight 6.6 Mda was shared by four of five (4/5) isolates from the diseased rabbits. No correlation was found between the presence of the common plasmids and serotype, resistance to antimicrobial agents, and anatomic sites from which the bacteria were cultured. Random amplification polymorphic DNA was applied to subtype all the isolates of P. multocida. Two single primers were tested for their abilities to generate individual fingerprints by using PCR. Primer 1 grouped the isolates into 7 profiles, and primer 2 grouped them into 15. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) results show the presence of a wide heterogeneity within P. multocida isolates. Therefore RAPD-PCR is an efficient technique to detect the DNA polymorphism and could be used to discriminate P. multocida of rabbit isolates together with serologic typing

Ultrastructural pathology of nasal and tracheal mucosa of rabbits experimentally infected with Pasteurella multocida serotype D:1

Sixteen 8- to 9-week-old Pasteurella multocida-free New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two equal groups. The first group was inoculated intranasally with P multocida serotype D:1 strain and the second group that was inoculated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only was used as a control group. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the nasal cavity of all infected rabbits in group 1 and from tracheal swabs of seven rabbits in this group. Four rabbits in group 1 died with clinical signs of septicaemia, two rabbits had mucopurulent nasal discharge and pneumonic lesions and the other two did not show any clinical signs or gross lesions. The ultrastructural changes detected were deciliation or clumping of cilia of ciliated epithelium, cellular swelling, vacuolation and sloughing. The subepithelial capillaries showed congestion, intravascular fibrin deposition, platelets aggregation and endothelial injury. Pasteurella multocida was observed attached to the injured endothelial cells. Heterophils, mast cells, vacuolated monocytes and macrophages infiltrated the lamina propria and between the degenerated epithelial cells. ©2001 Harcourt Publishers Lt