Accidental Death of Construction Worker due to Unintended Nail Gun Discharge: a Case Report

Background: In spite of being rare, intracranial nail gun injury represents one of the fatal penetrating head injuries.Case Report: Here we report a case of intracranial nail gun injury in a 28 years old well-trained construction worker who left the electric nail gun on the edge of the window to pick up one of his tools from the ground. Unfortunately, his leg got entangled in the nail gun cable and thus the nail gun dropped on the ground firing a nail that killed the worker.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this first time death from nail gun injury is reported in the Arab world; although, there are previous reports of survivable nail gun cardiac injuries and cranial injuries from Saudi Arabia. Thus, it is important to raise public awareness about such cases in order to reduce the occurrence of nail gun injuries. Moreover, health and safety inspections mandated and supported by law, might be much more effective in reducing such injuries

Comorbidity of Learning Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Sample of Omani Schoolchildren

Objectives: The estimated worldwide prevalence of learning disorders (LDs) is approximately 2‒10% among school-aged children. LDs have variable clinical features and are often associated with other disorders. This study aimed to examine the comorbidity of LDs and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among a sample of schoolchildren in Oman. Methods: This study was conducted between January 2014 and January 2015 at the Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. The Learning Disabilities Diagnostic Inventory (LDDI) and the 28-item version of the Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale was completed by classroom teachers to determine the existence of LD and ADHD symptoms in 321 children in grades 1‒4 who had been referred to a learning support unit for LDs from elementary schools in Muscat. Results: The mean age of the students was 8.5 years. Among the cohort, 30% were reported to have symptoms of ADHD, including conduct problems (24%), hyperactivity (24%) and inattentivepassive behaviours (41%). Male students reportedly exhibited greater conduct problems and hyperactivity than females. However, there were no gender differences noted between LDDI scores. Conclusion: This study suggests that Omani schoolchildren with LDs are likely to exhibit signs of ADHD. The early identification of this disorder is essential considering the chronic nature of ADHD. For interventional purposes, multidisciplinary teams are recommended, including general and special educators, clinical psychologists, school counsellors, developmental or experienced general paediatricians and child psychiatrists

3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-ethyl-1-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

In the title compound, C26H37N5OS, the piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. The triazole ring forms dihedral angles of 67.85 (9) and 59.41 (9)� with the piperazine and benzene rings, respectively, resulting in an approximate Vshaped conformation for the molecule. An intramolecular C— H...O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring motif. The crystal structure features C—H...n interactions, producing a two-dimensional supramolecular architecture

N′-(Adamantan-2-yl­idene)thio­phene-2-carbohydrazide

In the title mol­ecule, C15H18N2OS, a small twist is noted, with the dihedral angle between the central carbohydrazone residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.029 Å) and the thio­phene ring being 12.47 (10)°. The syn arrangement of the amide H and carbonyl O atoms allows for the formation of centrosymmetric dimers via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These are linked in the three-dimensional structure by C—H⋯π inter­actions. The thio­phene ring is disordered over two co-planar orientations, the major component having a site-occupancy factor of 0.833 (2)

Crystal structures of 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide and 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide

The title molecular salts, C10H15N2+·C6H6ClN2O2−, (I), and C10H15N2+·C7H8ClN2O2−, (II), consist of 4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium cations with a 6-chloro-5-ethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (I) and a 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion in (II). Salt (I) crystallizes with two independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. In the crystal structures of both salts, the ions are linked via N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming sheets which are parallel to (100) in (I) and to (001) in (II). In (I), the sheets are linked via C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework

A NEW IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY ALGORITHM BASED ON MLSB METHOD WITH RANDOM PIXELS SELECTION

ABSTRAC

Geomechanical modelling of sinkhole development using distinct elements: model verification for a single void space and application to the Dead Sea area

Mechanical and/or chemical removal of material from the subsurface may generate large subsurface cavities, the destabilisation of which can lead to ground collapse and the formation of sinkholes. Numerical simulation of the interaction of cavity growth, host material deformation and overburden collapse is desirable to better understand the sinkhole hazard but is a challenging task due to the involved high strains and material discontinuities. Here, we present 2-D distinct element method numerical simulations of cavity growth and sinkhole development. Firstly, we simulate cavity formation by quasi-static, stepwise removal of material in a single growing zone of an arbitrary geometry and depth. We benchmark this approach against analytical and boundary element method models of a deep void space in a linear elastic material. Secondly, we explore the effects of properties of different uniform materials on cavity stability and sinkhole development. We perform simulated biaxial tests to calibrate macroscopic geotechnical parameters of three model materials representative of those in which sinkholes develop at the Dead Sea shoreline: mud, alluvium and salt. We show that weak materials do not support large cavities, leading to gradual sagging or suffusion-style subsidence. Strong materials support quasi-stable to stable cavities, the overburdens of which may fail suddenly in a caprock or bedrock collapse style. Thirdly, we examine the consequences of layered arrangements of weak and strong materials. We find that these are more susceptible to sinkhole collapse than uniform materials not only due to a lower integrated strength of the overburden but also due to an inhibition of stabilising stress arching. Finally, we compare our model sinkhole geometries to observations at the Ghor Al-Haditha sinkhole site in Jordan. Sinkhole depth ∕ diameter ratios of 0.15 in mud, 0.37 in alluvium and 0.33 in salt are reproduced successfully in the calibrated model materials. The model results suggest that the observed distribution of sinkhole depth ∕ diameter values in each material type may partly reflect sinkhole growth trends

3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

The title mol­ecule, C15H21N3S, exists as the thione tautomer in the solid state. The 1,2,4-triazole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.004 Å) and the prop-2-en-1-yl chain is close to being perpendicular to this plane [C—N—C—C torsion angle = 77.1 (5)°]. In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimeric aggregates are formed by pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds as parts of eight-membered (⋯HNCS)2 synthons. These are connected into layers parallel to (101) via C—H⋯π inter­actions, where the π-system is the triazole ring. The investigated sample was a nonmerohedral twin; the refined domain ratio was 0.655 (4):0.345 (4)

3-(Adamantan-1-yl)-4-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione

The title compound, C19H23N3S, is a functionalized triazoline-3-thione derivative. The benzyl ring is almost normal to the planar 1,2,4-triazole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 A°) with a dihedral angle of 86.90 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers that enclose R2/2(8) loops. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak C—H...n interactions that link adjacent dimeric units into supramolecular chains extending along the a-axis direction

4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-ium 6-chloro-5-isopropyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide

In the cation of the title salt, C11H17N2O+.C7H8ClN2O2 -, the piperazine ring adopts a distorted chair conformation and contains a positively charged N atom with quaternary character. Its mean plane makes a dihedral angle of 42.36 (8)� with the phenyl ring of its 2-methoxyphenyl substituent. The 2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-ide anion is generated by deprotonation of the N atom at the 1-position of the pyrimidinedione ring. Intramolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate S(6) ring motifs in both the cation and the anion. In the crystal, N—H...O, N—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds are also observed, resulting in a twodimensional network parallel to the ab plane. The crystal stability is further consolidated by weak C—H...n interactions