Design of microstrip patch antenna for IEEE 802.16-2004 applications

This thesis presents microstrip patch antenna IEEE 802.16-2004 standards for microwave applications and WiMax. Narrow bandwidth (BW) is the main defect of microstrip patch antenna in wireless communication. The bandwidth can be improved by increasing the substrate thickness, and using air as substrate with low dielectric constant. The antennas were fabricated using FR4 board. Two types of microstrip antenna were used, the first was a single microstrip patch antenna and the second was using an air-gap technique as the dielectric between two antenna boards. The spacer of the air-gap has thickness of 2mm. It was made of wood to separate between the two boards. The transmission line model was used to get the approximate dimension for the design. Different parameters were obtained depending on the simulation and measurement. The Computer Simulations Technology (CST) software was used to simulate the design and the measurement was executed by Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The two designs were compared to each other and found that some improvements were obtained on the air-gap technique. The bandwidth was improved by 4.51 % with air-gap technique and only 1.02 % with the single patch antenna

Exploring Students’ Learning Style at a Gulf University: A Contributing Factor to Effective Instruction

AbstractAnalyzing learners’ characteristics is an important preliminary step in learning and teaching design. Specifically it aids in the selection and adoption of suitable teaching method/s and developing appropriate learning materials. Learner background, learning preferences and learning styles are examples of these characteristics.Because each learner has individual characteristics, adjusting instruction (learning and teaching) to meet these characteristics would help each learner excel in his/her study. In other words, recognizing a learner's learning style would enhance the quality of education, making it more appropriate for that individual learner. Learning style can be defined as the way in which a learner perceives and processes information.Academic literature identifies several learning styles. Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic (VAK) styles are commonly used to classified learners as Visual learners, Auditory learners or Kinesthetic learners.At Sohar University (SU), one of leading private universities in Sultanate of Oman, little consideration has been paid as regards to the importance of learning style as a factor to improve the educational experience of learners. Most lecturers use traditional passive approaches to course delivery. Nowadays, however, the university is in the process of encouraging a shift to active learning. This requires more individualization of instruction.The purpose of this study is to explore SU students’ learning styles, and determine what types of learners they are, Visual learners, Auditory learners or/and Kinesthetic learners. This study will also determine related factors (hand use, gender, and study streams) and their impact, as well as make recommendations to improve teaching and learning at the University

Usage of Dental General Anesthesia and Assessment of Fear among Special Needs and Non-Special Needs Children in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Anestesia Umum Pergigian (AUP) diguna dengan meluas untuk memudahkan rawatan pergigian agar selamat dan berkesan untuk pesakit yang mempunyai masalah fizikal, mental dan berkompromi perubatan lagi takut dan tidak responsif kepada teknik ubahsuai tingkah laku. Dental general anesthesia (DGA) is widely used to facilitate the provision of safe and effective treatment for patients with physical, mental and medically 'Compromising conditions and anxious patients who fail to respond to behavior modification techniques

Evaluating Performance Competencies in the Royal Saudi Air Force Engineering Directorate and Squadrons

The effectiveness of tasks performed by the directorate of aeronautical engineering and squadrons in RSAF directly impacts flight safety, which in turn influences the organization either positively or negatively. Therefore, improving engineers\u27 competencies will improve the overall performance of the organization. The study refined and reconstructed a model, namely a T-shape competency model, to assess the engineers\u27 competencies which revealed some management and competency-related deficiencies and concluded with managerial recommendations

Against Marrying a Stranger Marital Matchmaking Technologies in Saudi Arabia

Websites and applications that match and connect individuals for romantic purposes are commonly used in the Western world. However, there have not been many previous investigations focusing on cultural factors that affect the adoption of similar technologies in religiously conservative non-Western cultures. In this study, we examine the socio-technical and cultural factors that influence the perceptions and use of matchmaking technologies in Saudi Arabia. We report the methods and findings of interviews with 18 Saudi nationals (nine males and nine females) with diverse demographics and backgrounds. We provide qualitatively generated insights into the major themes reported by our participants related to the common approaches to matchmaking, the current role of technology, and concerns regarding matchmaking technologies in this cultural con-text. We relate these themes to specific implications for designing marital matchmaking technologies in Saudi Arabia and we outline opportunities for future investigations.Comment: 11 pages, 1 table, DIS 201

Irrigation and drainage systems in Basrah province, Iraq

This study of the irrigation and drainage systems in Basrah province analyses the factors affecting these systems, such as the water resources, soil conditions, management and crops and then shows the effects of these systems on crop yields and soil salinity. In such a study it is necessary to discuss the physical characteristics of the province and the hydraulic aspects of Iraq which have direct and indirect influences on the irrigation and drainage systems in the province. In accordance with the variations in the irrigation and drainage systems, the province has been divided into four regions, namely : the Western, Southern Tigris, marshes and the Shat Al-Arab. One of the findings of this study has been the spatial differences between the levels of salinity in the irrigation water which ranges from moderate in the southern Tigris, marshes and the upper section of the Shat Al-Arab to excessive in the western region and the lower section of the Shat Al-Arab. The salinity of the irrigated soils has also been shown to vary from region to region, from a very low level in the marshes to a strongly high level in the southern Tigris. Throughout the province it was found that the farmers continued to rely on their traditional skills and inherited experiences in carrying out cultivation and irrigation operations which have resulted in over-irrigation and low efficiency of use of irrigation water. This, together with the inadequate drainage and high evaporation rates has led to exacerbation of the soil salinity problem and the consequent abandonment of large areas of cultivable lands in the western, southern Tigris and the Shat Al-Arab regions. Additionally, in the marshes and the Shat Al-Arab regions the presence of aquatic vegetation forms an important obstacle to irrigation and drainage operations. Moreover, it is likely that in the future the province will face a serious shortfall in irrigation water availability. The province, however, still remains an important agricultural area, providing the Iraqi markets with tomatoes during winters and contributing 11.8% of the country's total date production. Improvements in irrigation and drainage and in soil-water management are therefore vital

A longitudinal study of the concerns of students becoming science teachers in the Yemen Arab Republic

The process of becoming a teacher is an area of a great deal of research. Different researchers have focused on different parts of the process. This study examines the concerns and their development for a group of Yemeni student-teachers as they become science teachers. After discussing the context of teacher training in the Yemen Arab Republic, the different arguments put forward by researchers who investigated the process of becoming a teacher, were examined. The field work was conducted in the Yemen between March 1983 and January 1985. Two different interview schedules with open-ended questions were used: one was general and the focus of the another was teaching-a-lesson. The former was conducted at three different occasions: during the second term of the third year i.e. before teaching practice, during the second term of the fourth year i.e. after teaching practice, and during the first few months of the first year of teaching. The latter was conducted during teaching practice and during the first few months of the first year of teaching. Both interviews were conducted for thirty-one Yemeni student-teachers at Sana'a University as they become science teachers. A further interview was conducted for the Faculty of Education staff to know their reactions to their students' views of their training. The concerns' development of the group and some individuals was followed, and the relationship of the findings of this research to the different theoretical arguments was considered. The research shows the stability and change of student teachers' concerns as they become science teachers in the Yemen. In examining this phenomenon the research points out the importance of: the kind of concern investigated, when they are investigated, and the situational and the personal factors which all have bearing on the process of concerns' development during the process of becoming a teacher

Does high gonial angle increases the risk of mandibular angle fracture? A digital orthopantomographic study

Fracture of mandibular angle comprises up to one third of mandibular fractures. Many local anatomical factors may increase the risk of such fractures. This study was conducted to investigate the risk of angle fractures with gonial angle measurements. A