An Overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in 6G: Types, Advantages, Challenges and Recent Applications

The world is on the cusp of a new communications revolution. The next generation of communication networks, known as 6G, will enable a wide range of new applications and services that are not possible with current 4G or 5G networks. In overview, we will review Artificial Intelligence (AI) Types, Advantages, challenges and some of the most promising applications of 6G technology. Some of the key applications that are being developed for 6G communication networks include Digital Twin (DT), Holograms, Robot Avatar, High Density (IoT), and AR & VR. The use of these applications in 6G communication networks is not a new concept, but integration to 6G will need more improvements. These applications have been around for some time now and have seen various improvements over the years. However, with the advent of 6G communication networks, the use of AR and VR is expected to see a drastic change. This paper contributes to the existing literature about the nature of 6G and applications to give more understanding and further discussion in potential and new trends

Blockchain technology integration in service migration to 6G communication networks: a comprehensive review

The next generation of wireless networks, 6G is being designed with data-intensive applications. One of the key technologies that will enable 6G is blockchain technology. The emergence of blockchain technology and 6G networks has revolutionized service migration. Service migration in 6G networks is a complex process that requires the integration of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), edge computing, and network slicing. Motivated by these facts, this comprehensive review includes an overview of blockchain and service migration integration in 6G. First, state of art, development frame work and related works were introduced. Then, we used content analysis by WordStat software and bibliographic analysis by VOSviewer to analysis the current status of service migration and blockchain integration in 6G networks. Next, patterns and characteristics, benefits and challenges and potential cases were reviewed. Then, we proposed an architectural blockchain-based model including decentralized architecture, edge computing, network slicing, software-defined networking, and 5G-6G interworking in 6G. Finally, we described potential application service migration-based in 6G networks including digital twin (DT), holograms, robot avatar, high density internet of things (IoT), AR and VR in 6G and collected open research and future directions of service migration and blockchain

Applying Information Technology-Based Knowledge Management (KM) Simulation in the Airline Industry

In previous studies, some of the KM enablers documented include leadership operations in the form of a KM officer, financial aspects, and the organizational culture. On the other hand, the major barrier involves resistance to change due to the traditional culture emphasizing socialization and the establishment of trust before fostering business operations. From the gap analysis, some of the strategies that the Emirates Group could embrace include investing more in training sessions and workshops, designing the KM program in a manner that enables it to protect tacit knowledge from loss, and engaging in virtual team formation to foster an awareness of the value lying in KM program support. In so doing, it is projected that the company’s employee operations will be closely linked or aligned to the leading goals and objectives, upon which desirable degrees of productivity and competitiveness might be achieved. This paper has examined the aspect of knowledge management by gaining specific insights from the context of the Emirates Group. Whereas KM at the firm level comes in the form of articles presentations, reports and memos, group levels have seen KM emerge via an operational information system responsible for guiding the airline company’s daily operations. On the other hand, individual-level KM at this company exists in terms of the exRez software through which travelers can add destination activities, car rentals and hotel rooms to their flights, a process that occurs during online booking. In the future, there is a need for the company to remove the aforementioned barriers or obstacles perceived to stall progress, including organizational silos that are documented to set teams and individuals apart; besides hindering problem identification and solving on a collaborative basis

IT fit on auditors’ performance in Yemen

The alignment between the importance and utilisation of IT (IT fit), and the impact of IT fit on organisational performance has been an issue of concern for many researchers. Therefore, this study examined the effect of organisational, social, individual, and environmental factors on IT fit and on auditors’ performance as well as the influence of IT fit on auditors’ performance. It also examined the mediating effect of IT fit on the relationship between these independent variables and auditors’ performance. Data from 274 auditors were analyzed using the PLS-SEM. The results indicate that auditors perceived their utilisation of IT utilisation to be less than the importance of IT, hence providing important insights into the importance and the utilisation of technologies in the context of audit work in Yemen. The findings suggest that information systems audit in Yemen is still at the minimum level. Further analyses on the effect of the independent variables, namely IT knowledge, facilitating resources, IT trust, competitive pressure, management support, client’s complexity of the IT system, internalisation and cognitive style, on IT fit show them to be positive and significant. Interestingly, IT fit is found to be a mediator between these eight variables and auditors’ performance. This study also finds that management support, IT knowledge, IT trust, internalisation, IT training, client’s complexity of the IT System, cognitive style and IT fit have positive and significant effects on auditors’ performance. The three most important variables are IT knowledge, facilitating resources, and management support. The findings suggest the important role of IT fit in increasing the effect of these variables on auditors’ performance. Therefore, audit firms and professional bodies need to focus on the issue of IT fit to increase the performance of their auditors

The Importance and Utilization of Information Technology among External Auditors in Yemen

Utilization of information technology (IT) has a direct impact on the judgment of external auditors and ultimately impact the audit effectiveness and efficiency. This study investigates the level of IT importance, IT utilization, and the fit between them in the context of audit job in Yemen. The proposed model investigate the impact of IT knowledge, IT training and firm size on the fit between IT importance and IT utilization. The level of IT utilization among auditors is lower than their perception towards the IT importance. Seven technologies are considered as important in the specific context of audit work in Yemen, however only two technologies are rated as utilizable by the auditors. On average, System Development and Installation receives the lowest mean value for both IT utilization and importance. On the other hand, General Office Automation receives the highest mean value. Generally, responding auditors perceived their overall importance of IT as important, while their current utilization of IT is less than adequate. A questionnaire was used to gather data from 197 auditors representing Big-Four and non Big-Four firms. The results show that IT knowledge and IT training significantly contributed to the fit of IT utilization and IT importance. Additionally, results imply that information systems audit in Yemen is still at the minimum level

Enhancing the heritage conservation by Sustaining Historical Buildings: Hail Palace, as a case study

Saudi Arabia has a wealth of heritage buildings that still exist today. Therefore, the need to preserve the architectural heritage of historical and cultural significance is becoming increasingly relevant. In line with the Saudi vision 2030.Thispaper aims to discuss the current situation of the king Abdul-Aziz palace in Hail, to enhance heritage conservation by sustaining historical buildings. Thus, efforts are continuing to evaluate the conservation to arrive at appropriate strategies. Therefore, the case study was chosen to explain the importance of the existing conservation policies to ensure that the heritage buildings are handled to retain their ingenuity. Keywords: Heritage Conservation, Historic Buildings, Architectural Heritage, Preservation. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.271

The effect of development and land use change on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relationships under humid tropical condition: case study of Bernam watershed Malaysia

Study of the land use changes and their effects on runoff and sediment patterns for the watershed level are essential in water resource planning and management. This study provides an approach to identify the effects of land-use changes on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relations in humid tropical region. For this purpose Bernam watershed located in Selangor state of Malaysia which is subjected to rapid land-use changes to residential and agriculture has been selected. The study was based on the comparison of the effect of land-use changes during two periods, 1980s and 1990s. The study objectives were to identify the change of land-use in the years of 1989 and 1998 and analyze its effects on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relationships. In this study, double mass curve with trend curve have been used to examine the effect of land use changes on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relationships. The results showed that the land-use change can be considered as main reason for increased runoff and sediment in tropical regions where the change in rainfall amount can be neglected. Land use changes altered the rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relationships and lead to higher slope for the trend (STC) of annual rainfall-runoff mass curve and runoff-sediment mass curve in 1990s than those in 1980s. It is implied that more runoff and sedimentation occurred in 1990s. Hence in order to reduce flood occurrence and sediment increases due to land-use changes, planners should consider tighter and straight control measures to be part of any watershed development plan in the future

Numerical Analysis for Reinforced Concrete Beams with Circular Openings in Flexural and Shear Zones Strengthened by Steel Plates

في المباني الحديثة، من الضروري تزويدها بالفتحات في الجسور الخراسانية لاستيعاب العديد من أنابيب الخدمات والقنوات. ونظرًا لهذه الفتحات، فإنها تودى الى  التركيز الشديد في الإجهاد يحدث عند حواف الفتحات . كما تظهر الشقوق المحلية حول الفتحات مما يودى الى انخفاض  في جساءه الجسور، وقدرها  لتحمل الحمل وقدرتها لمقاومة القص. وهناك العديد من الدراسات التي أجريت لتطوير واختبار طرق مقاومة وتدعيم مختلفة للجسور التي تعترض لزيادة قدرة الحمولة القصوى. ومع ذلك، من الناحية العملية، من الأفضل استخدام طريقة تقوية واحدة لها نفس المواصفات ليتم استخدامها في كليهما؛  في مناطقتي القص والعزم للجسور التي تحتوى على الفتحات  الدائرية في المباني. على الرغم من الدراسات السابقة، لم تتناول أي دراسة هذه المسألة؛ لذلك، هناك حاجة لدراسة مثل هذه الحالة. في هذه الورقة، أجريت دراسة تحليلية لفحص سلوك الجسور الخرسانية المسلحة (RC) التي تحتوي على فتحات دائرية في منطقتي العزم والقص مقواه بصفائح صلبة. تم استخدام برنامج ABAQU (FEmodeling 3D) لمحاكاة خمس عينات مختلفة من الجسور الخراسانية المسلحة. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنه عندما تم تدعيم الفتحات بواسطة ألواح الصلب، زادت القدرة على حمل الحمولة القصوى، ولكن تم تقليل التشوه مقارنة بالفتحات دون تدعيم، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم التحقق من صلاحية النموذج عبر توافق جيد بين النتائج التجريبية والتحليلية.In the modern building construction, openings in beams are necessary to accommodate several service pipes and ducts. Due to these openings, high stress concentration occurs at its edges. Local cracks also appear around the openings as a result of the reduction in the beam stiffness, the load carrying capacity and the shear capacity. There are many studies which were conducted to develop and test different strengthening methods for the beams opining to increase the ultimate load capacity of the beams. However, from a practical point of view, it is better to have one strengthening method having the same specifications to be used in both; shear and flexural zones for circular opining beams in buildings. In spite of the prior studies, no study has addressed this issue; therefore, there is a need to study such a case. In this paper, an analytical study was conducted to investigate the behavior of the reinforced concrete (RC) beams with circular openings in flexural and shear zones strengthened by steel plates. A 3D FE modeling (ABAQUS 6.12) software was used to simulate five different specimens of RC beams. The study results showed that when the openings were strengthened by steel plates, the ultimate load carrying capacity increased, but the deflection was decreased when compared to the openings without strengthening. In addition, the model reliability was verified via good agreements between the experimental and numerical results

ICT-Based Learning During Covid-19 Outbreak: Advantages, Opportunities and Challenges

ICT-based learning is kind of learning that use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to foster, optimize, enhance and support gaining knowledge. Covid-19 has caused the full transformation to ICT-based learning. This study aimed to investigate the advantages, opportunities and challenges of ICT-BL during the pandemic. Systematic analysis of the qualitative results indicated that possibility of Online learning, saving time and money, communication and motivation tool, usage of social media, sharing and processing the knowledge and improving the quality of education were the highest ranked advantages of the ICT-based learning and remote learning, extra time, adoption of new skills and more technologies and MOOCs in addition to family gathering were the most opportunities while internet accessibility, electricity problems, maintenance of infrastructure, high cost of ICT device and lack of expertise, ability to manage classrooms and plagiarism were the high ranked challenges for both students and lecturers to continue online learning. Developing countries need to develop new strategies and techniques to promote ICT-based learning based on innovation, socio-cultural and socio-economic aspects not only financial support.</p