Simulation of labor evacuation: The case of housing construction projects

AbstractConstruction sites occupy of the labors who are engaged in many different activities that can expose them to dangerous conditions. During emergencies and extreme events of natural or manmade origin in construction sites, saving labors lives is the primary objective. Therefore, the contractors are required to establish effective emergency plans which have to be improved to aid for rapid egress from construction sites. To support emergency evacuation planning, it is critical to estimate labor evacuation times during project execution. This paper presents a framework that utilizes building information modeling (BIM) and computer simulation to plan the evacuation of labors in construction sites during project execution and to visualize evacuation times of labors at emergency conditions at any time from project duration. The proposed framework utilizes MassMotion software as the simulation platform that enables predicting the labor evacuation times under various conditions. In addition, the evacuation time calculated from computer simulation is used to develop and evaluate the plan. A case study is worked out to demonstrate a simulation of emergency evacuation from a housing building during its construction to demonstrate the use of the proposed framework. Finally, the paper presents the simulation results of labors evacuation in the housing building construction sites

The Effect of the Surface Roughness of Porcelain on the Adhesion of Oral Streptococcus mutans

Aim: Dental plaque has a harmful influence on periodontal tissue. When a porcelain restoration is fabricated and refinishing of the glazed surface is inevitable, the increase in surface roughness facilitates the adhesion of plaque and its components. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface roughness of glazed or polished porcelain on the adhesion of oral Streptococcus mutans

Usage of Carbon Isotopes in Characterizing Groundwater Age, Flow Direction, Flow Velocity and Recharge Area

AbstractCarbon-13 and Carbon-14 isotopes were utilized in this study to determine the age, flow direction, flow velocity and recharge area of groundwater in the two main aquifers of Kuwait. For this purpose 20 groundwater samples were collected from the Kuwait group aquifer and lower Dammam formation aquifer. The collected groundwater samples were analyzed for 14C activity and 13C activity. 14C activity was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and expressed as percentage modern carbon (pmc) while 13C was measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) and expressed as permil (‰) in the form of CO2 gas. The interpretation of the analysis results of carbon isotopes data indicated that the general groundwater flow direction is towards north east and the estimated groundwater velocities are 11 to 30 m/a for Kuwait group aquifer and 12 to 21 m/a for Dammam formation aquifer. Based on the estimated groundwater velocities, the approximate location of the recharge areas of these aquifers was identified. The groundwater ages calculated for Kuwait group aquifer varied from 800 a B.P for modern ground water in the northern part to 22500 a B.P for very old groundwater in the northeastern part, while the age of Dammam formation groundwater is 26000 to 36000 a B.P

3-Benzyl-8-meth­oxy-2-sulfanyl­idene-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­quinazolin-4-one

The tetra­hydro­quinazole fused-ring system of the title compound, C16H14N2O2S, is roughly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.039 Å); the phenyl ring of the benzyl substituent is aligned at 78.1 (1)° with respect to the mean plane of the fused-ring system. In the crystal, two mol­ecules are linked by a pair of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds about a center of inversion, generating a dimer

3-(Prop-2-en-1-yl)-2-sulfanyl­idene-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­quinazolin-4-one

The tetra­hydro­quinazoline fused-ring system of the title compound, C11H10N2OS, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.019 Å). In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain running along the b axis

N-[2,4-Dioxo-3-aza­tricyclo­[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(13),5,7,9,11-pentaen-3-yl]thio­urea

In the two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H9N3O2S, the aza­tricyclo­trideca­penta­ene ring system is approximately planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.022 and 0.033 Å. The urea unit connected to the fused rings is approximately perpendicular [dihedral angles = 82.4 (1) and 82.7 (1)°]. In the crystal, the mol­ecules associate by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain running along the a axis. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with a fractional contribution of 49.6 (1)% for the minor domain

5-Chloro-2-methyl­sulfonyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline

The triazoloquinazole fused-ring system of the title compound, C10H7ClN4O2S, is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.009 Å). In the methyl­sulfonyl substituent, the two S—O bonds are of equal length [1.402 (2) Å]. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules inter­act weakly through Cl⋯N contacts [ca 3.197 (2) Å]

The impact of bank credit on investment and public spending in Iraq for the period (2005-2021)

Purpose: The current study aims at examining the reality of bank credit, analyzing, and estimating investment and public spending in Iraq. The research also aims at showing the impact of bank credit on investment and public spending in Iraq. Theoretical framework: Bank credit has an instrumental and effective part in financing most economic activities, which contributes to revitalizing the national economy by organizing and developing short, medium and long-term financing mechanisms. As for investment and public spending, they reflect the development of the economy and the extent of financial and monetary stability that the country has. Methodology: For reaching the research methodology, the inductive approach was adopted to study the total facts through formulating economic analysis descriptively by using modern standard tools in economic analysis to show the impact of bank credit on investment and public spending. Finding: It was concluded that bank credit has a key role, especially in financing investment projects that require great funds in order to create a favorable climate for investment. The relationship between bank credit and investment is a direct relationship. Research, scientific and social implications: The study identifies investment financing and public spending and how bank credit can meet this financing through the bank strategies. The study also determines which of the two variables, investment and public spending, is most affected by bank credit

Displacement in The Arabic Theatrical Text

يعنى هذا البحث البحث بدراسة(الانزياح في النص المسرحي العربي)، إذ يضم أربعة فصول، تضمن الفصل الأول –الإطار المنهجي  للبحث– مشكلة البحث المتركزة في التساؤل التالي: ما هو الانزياح في النص المسرحي العربي؟ ثم تجلت أهمية البحث بوصفه يدرس الانزياح في النص المسرحي العربي، وثم اشتقاق هدف أساس هو تعرف الانزياح في النص المسرحي العربي، أما الفصل الثاني :الإطار النظري والدراسات السابقة، فتضمن مبحثين، وتناول الفصل الثالث: إجراءات البحث، أما الفصل الرابع فقد احتوى على نتائج البحث التي توصل إليها الباحثان والاستنتاجات.This research is concerned with the study of (displacement in the Arabic theatrical text)، as it includes four chapters. Then the importance of the research was manifested as it studies displacement in the Arabic theatrical text، and then the derivation of a basic goal is to identify displacement in the Arabic theatrical text. The research results reached by the two researchers، conclusions، and a set of recommendations and proposals، and it is proven by sources، references، and appendices.&nbsp