Grammar Translation Method's Effect on Yemeni Advanced Students' English Production in Communicative Situations

In the past and present, the Yemeni government provided free education at all levels of public education. Until the early days, and more precisely until now, the Yemeni government used to send honorary high school students to pursue their university studies abroad, honour university students to pursue a master's degree abroad, and honour holders of a master's degree abroad to pursue a doctorate study. They all obtain special certificates from Egypt, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, and other countries worldwide. EFL was learned at the seventh-grade level. While the Yemeni government has made all these attempts, English for the success of Yemeni advanced students' English production in communication contexts has been unsatisfactory. Several studies in the Arab world, particularly in Yemeni contexts, have shown that the main explanation for this discontent is the method used in Yemeni schools to teach English. Therefore, this research aims to find out the effect of this method on Yemeni students' performance in the English language when they speak English. This study follows a qualitative research method that focuses on secondary sources represented in literature reviews and primary resources expressed in interviews with ten Yemeni English teachers. The study reached many results, the most important of which is that GTM does not necessarily allow Yemeni students to use the English language communicatively. Instead, it allows them to learn about English as a subject. The study makes several suggestions on the basis of the study's findings. In particular, English language teachers should use other effective teaching approaches to help Yemeni students use the English language in communicative contexts, and grammar must be taught in context. &nbsp

Cross-sectional assessment of the periapical status as related to quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in a Yemeni population.

Aim: The present study aimed to examine the influence of the quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations on the prevalence of periapical lesions. Materials and Methods: Two hundred digital panoramic radiographs were obtained from the archive of Al‑HamziDental Center in Sana’a, Yemen. The final sample consisted of 120 radiographs, and 675 root filled teeth.The quality of root canal fillings was scored according to criteria of length, homogeneity and taper. Coronal status (type of restoration, signs of marginal leakage or decay) was also evaluated. The periapical status was categorized on the basis of presence or absence of radiographical signs of apical periodontitis. Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance between different parameters. Results: We found that 93.6% of root filled teeth were associated with apical periodontitis. Only 9.2% of root filled teeth were found to have an acceptable standard of root canal fillings, of which 32.3% was also associated to signs of periapical disease. In roots with an unacceptable root canal filling, 95.4% had periapical disease. Teeth with good (14.4%) and poor (32.9%) intra-coronal restorations had apical periodontitis in 93.8% and 97.7% of cases, respectively. Crown restorations were present in 52.7% of root filled teeth, of which 91.0% were associated with periapical lesions. Conclusion: The poor technical quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations is consistent with a high revalence of apical periodontitis

Cross-sectional assessment of the periapical status as related to quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in a Yemeni population

The present study aimed to examine the influence of the quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations on the prevalence of periapical lesions. Materials and Methods: Two hundred digital panoramic radiographs were obtained from the archive of Al?HamziDental Center in Sana’a, Yemen. The final sample consisted of 120 radiographs, and 675 root filled teeth.The quality of root canal fillings was scored according to criteria of length, homogeneity and taper. Coronal status (type of estoration, signs of marginal leakage or decay) was also evaluated. The periapical status was categorized on the basis of presence or absence of radiographical signs of apical periodontitis. Chi-square test was used to determine statistical significance between different parameters. Results: We found that 93.6% of root filled teeth were associated with apical periodontitis. Only 9.2% of root filled teeth were found to have an acceptable standard of root canal fillings, of which 32.3% was also associated to signs of periapical disease. In roots with an unacceptable root canal filling, 95.4% had periapical disease. Teeth with good (14.4%) and poor (32.9%) intra-coronal restorations had apical periodontitis in 93.8% and 97.7% of cases, respectively. Crown restorations were present in 52.7% of root filled teeth, of which 91.0% were associated with periapical lesions. Conclusion: The poor technical quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations is consistent with a high prevalence of apical periodontitis

Adverse drug reaction reporting by community pharmacists- The barriers and facilitators

Purpose: The United Kingdom's “Yellow Card Scheme” for reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has been operating for 50 years, but reporting rates by community pharmacists remain low. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the views and experiences of ADR reporting by community pharmacists in Wales, with a particular focus on the potential barriers and facilitators to reporting. Methods: Following ethics approval and piloting, a self‐complete questionnaire was mailed to all registered community pharmacies in Wales, UK (n = 713). A follow‐up mailing was sent to nonresponders after 2 weeks. Results A response rate of 52% (n = 372) was achieved, of whom 57% had never submitted a yellow card. Key barriers to reporting were not seeing ADRs, difficulty identifying the causative drug, not being sure which ADRs to report, and lack of time. Key facilitators were being able to report through dispensary software and having clearer guidelines about what to report. Differences between those who had previously reported ADRs and those who had not suggested lack of confidence and uncertainty about what to report were more of a barrier for nonreporters. Conversely, reporters wanted feedback on reports, ability to keep reports on their dispensary records, and remuneration to aid them with reporting. Conclusions While the respondents generally expressed positive attitudes towards ADR reporting, a number of barriers and potential facilitators were nevertheless identified. Clearer support and guidance for reporting, such as through a “champions” scheme similar to that run in Welsh hospitals, may help current nonreporters to engage

Cascading training down into the classroom: The need for parallel planning

Cascade models of in-service training are widely considered to be a cost effective means of introducing educational change to large numbers of teachers. Data from 511 teachers completing a cascade training programme that introduced current ideas about and procedures for teaching English to young learners, suggests that provision of training alone is no guarantee that cascade training aims will actually be applied in classrooms. The paper considers implications for cascade projects, suggesting that planning needs to be a parallel process if an adequate return on outlay, in the sense of teachers applying skills introduced in training in their classrooms, is to be achieved

Assessment and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Primary Care Settings

An increasingly common chronic inflammatory skin condition is atopic dermatitis (AD). It exhibits severe itching as well as recurring eczematous lesions. New difficulties for treatment selection and approach occur with the expansion of available therapy alternatives for healthcare professionals and patients.  The article highlights recent developments in scientific research on atopic dermatitis diagnosis and assessment that have led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and the development of targeted therapies, both of which have the potential to completely change the way AD is treated, particularly in a primary care setting

Synergistic effect p-phenylenediamine and n,n diphenylthiourea on the electrochemical corrosion behaviour of mild steel in dilute acid media

Electrochemical studies of the synergistic effect of p-phenylenediamine and n,n diphenylthiourea (TPD) as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in dilute sulphuric and hydrochloric acid through weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization at ambient temperature were performed. Experimental results showed the excellent performance of TPD with an optimal inhibition efficiency of 88.18 and 93.88 %in sulphuric and 87.42 and 87.15 %in hydrochloric acid from both tests at all concentration studied. Polarization studies show the compound to be a mixed-type inhibitor. Adsorption of deanol on the steel surface was observed to obey the Langmuir and Frumkin isotherm models. X-ray diffractometry confirmed the absence of corrosion products and complexes. Optical microscopy confirmed the selective inhibition property of TPD to be through chemical adsorption on the steel surfac