ARE STUDENTS ENGAGING IN ONLINE CLASSROOMS?

Online learning plays a crucial role in our education system, especially in this time of COVID-19 pandemic, in which online learning is widely and fully implemented in the education system across the world. It is not easy to ensure consistent engagement from students with this current norm in education. Are the students engaging with their peers, their instructor or even with the content of the course? Referring to Moore’s interaction framework, this study is aimed to examine further engagement methods used in online classrooms. A set of survey consists of 24 items were distributed and completed by fifty-five students from a public university in Malaysia. The results revealed the functions of the learner-to-learner, learner-to-instructor, and learner-to-content engagements in the online classroom, in which learner-to-instructor engagement plays the most significant role in maintaining students’ engagement. The findings of the study could serve as one of the references by educators and even students to improve strategies and performances in online learning. Article visualizations

Kaedah perbahasan sebagai wahana pembelajaran dan pemudah cara berasaskan KBAT dalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif

Penerapan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi (KBAT) dalam proses pembelajaran dan pemudah cara (PdPc) di dalam bilik darjah menjadi sebahagian daripada agenda pendidikan negara. Peralihan tumpuan ini amat penting dalam memastikan kelestarian sistem pendidikan negara menyediakan murid untuk memaksimumkan keupayaan kognitif mereka. Persaingan yang amat kompetitif dalam sistem pendidikan global menuntut pada pengamal sistem pendidikan perlu mengubah kaedah dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam bilik darjah untuk merealisasikan agenda pendidikan negara ini. Justeru, kajian in dilangsungkan bagi meneliti bagaimana guru melaksanakan Pdp berasaskan KBAT dalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif. Bagi mendapatkan gambaran yang holistik terhadap kaedah PdPc yang digunakan oleh guru, kajian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakanreka bentuk penyelidikan kajian kes kualitatif. Dua orang peserta kajian dilibatkan secara sukarela dan kajian ini dilaksanakan di sebuah sekolah berasrama penuh di sebuah daerah di Selangor. Bagi mengumpulkan data yang bermakna daripada kedua-dua peserta kajian, temu bual secara mendalam, pemerhatian di dalam bilik darjah dan penganalisisan dokumen sehingga data-data mencapai tahap ketepuan. Seterusnya, dapatan kajian dianalisis untuk membentuk kriteria dan tema bagi meneliti kaedah PdPc berasaskan KBAT yang diamalkan oleh kedua-dua peserta kajiandalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif. Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan kaedah perbahasan digunakan sebagai salah satu cara melangsungkan PdPc berasaskan KBAT dalam proses penulisan karangan argumentatif. Secara keseluruhannya, kaedah perbahasan didapati berupaya menarik minat murid dan mencabar keupayaan murid menggunakan kognitif berfikir pada aras tinggi dalam usaha menyediakan hujah dan melengkapkan tugasan menulis karangan

Co-producing a research agenda for sustainable palm oil

The rise of palm oil as the world’s most consumed vegetable oil has coincided with exponential growth in palm oil research activity. Bibliometric analysis of research outputs reveals a distinct imbalance in the type of research being undertaken, notably a disproportionate focus on biofuel and engineering topics. Recognizing the expansion of oil palm agriculture across the tropics and the increasing awareness of environmental, social, and economic impacts, we seek to reorientate the existing research agenda toward one that addresses the most fundamental and urgent questions defined by the palm oil stakeholder community. Following consultation with 659 stakeholders from 38 countries, including palm oil growers, government agencies, non-governmental organizations, and researchers, the highest priority research questions were identified within 13 themes. The resulting 279 questions, including 26 ranked as top priority, reveal a diversity of environmental and social research challenges facing the industry, ranging from the ecological and ecosystem impacts of production, to the livelihoods of plantation workers and smallholder communities. Analysis of the knowledge type produced from these questions underscores a clear need for fundamental science programmes, and studies that involve the consultation of non-academic stakeholders to develop “transformative” solutions to the oil palm sector. Stakeholders were most aligned in their choice of priority questions across the themes of policy and certification related themes, and differed the most in environmental feedback, technology and smallholder related themes. Our recommendations include improved regional academic leadership and coordination, greater engagement with private and public stakeholders in Africa, and Central and South America, and enhanced collaborative efforts with researchers in the major consuming countries of India and China

PENERAPAN METODE LATIHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN SISWA DALAM MEMBACA TEKS DESKRIPTIF DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS PADA KELAS VII MTS TARBIYAH ISLAMIYAH BATU BELAH KECAMATAN KAMPAR

This research was motivated by the low of students’ competence in reading descriptive text in the subject of English language. The formulation of this study was how The Implementation of training method to increase students’ competence in reading descriptive text in English language for the seventh year of MTs Tarbiyah Islamiyah Batu Belah district of Kampar was. In order that this research runs well, the writer has arranged some steps, they were: 1) planning/preparation of action, 2) the implementation of action, 3) observation, and 4) reflection. The success of training method in the subject of English language was known from an increasing of students’ competence in reading descriptive text before action, on the first cycle and on the second cycle. Before action, students’ competence in reading descriptive text was categorized “low” with an average percentage 55,2% as this number ranged 0%-54%. And their competence increased on the first cycle it was 70,2% and categorized “enough” as this number ranged 55%-69%. And the test on the second cycle increased it was 83,5% and categorized “capable” as 83,5% ranged 80%- 100%. Therefore students’ competence has been 75% and could be concluded that the implementation of training method increases students’ competence in reading descriptive text in the subject of English language for the seventh year of MTs Tarbiyah Islamiyah Batu Belah district of Kampar

POLA FLUKTUASI POPULASI BAKTERI DI PERAIRAN PANTAI DAN TELUK PADA SENTRA BUDIDAYA IKAN LAUT DI BALI UTARA

Bakteri merupakan mikroorganisme yang secara alami berada dalam ekosistem perairan laut dan beberapa spesiesnya bersifat patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri secara umum dan Vibrio spp. secara khusus di perairan pantai dan teluk sebagai dampak dari aktivitas baik panti pembenihan, tambak udang, maupun karamba jaring apung (KJA) di pesisir Bali Utara. Sampel air diperoleh dari tiga lokasi sentra budidaya laut dan satu lokasi ekowisata yang berada di Kecamatan Gerokgak Kabupaten Buleleng. Sampel air diambil dari tiga titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 50 m, 100 m, dan 300 m dari garis pantai di Desa Gerokgak dan Desa Penyabangan. Sampling air dilakukan pada tiga titik sampling di sekitar KJA di Teluk Kaping, Desa Sumberkima, dan satu titik sampling di perairan dengan jarak 100 m dari garis pantai di Desa Pemuteran. Sampling air dilakukan sekali dalam sebulan dari bulan Februari hingga November 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. di empat lokasi perairan di Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali menunjukkan populasi tinggi pada bulan Maret hingga Mei dan menurun pada bulan berikutnya. Dan meningkat kembali pada bulan Oktober hingga November. Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. tertinggi terjadi di perairan pantai Desa Gerokgak hingga 9.067 ± 7.481 CFU/mL dan 1.147 ± 689 CFU/mL dibandingkan dengan dua lokasi sentra budidaya lainnya (Desa Penyabangan dan Teluk Kaping). Total bakteri dan Vibrio spp. teramati pula di perairan Desa Pemuteran hingga 500 ± 52 CFU/mL dan 65 ± 7 CFU/mL yang kemungkinan merupakan dampak dari aktivitas budidaya ikan. Pola fluktuasi populasi bakteri di perairan pantai Kecamatan Gerokgak, Bali dipengaruhi oleh musim dan kegiatan budidaya perikanan. Tingginya populasi bakteri Vibrio spp. pada perairan pantai dapat memengaruhi kesehatan ikan budidaya.Bacteria are a group of microorganisms naturally present in aquatic ecosystems. Some of the bacteria are pathogenic to other organisms and cause severe diseases. This study aimed to determine the fluctuation patterns of bacterial populations, with specific interest to Vibrio spp. in coastal and bay areas of North Bali which constantly receive effluents from nearby mariculture activities. Water samples were collected from three locations in a clustered marine fish farming area and one location in an ecotourism area as a control. Water samples were taken from three sampling points in the coastal area of Gerokgak and Penyabangan villages at a distance of 50 m, 100 m, and 300 m from the coastline. Water samples were also collected at three sampling points around floating net cages (KJA) in Kaping Bay, Sumberkima Village, and one sampling point in Pemuteran Village located 100 m from the coastline. Water sampling was carried out each month from February to November 2018. Results of the study showed that total bacteria and Vibrio spp. were notably higher between March-May and October-November. The total bacteria and vibrio reached the peak number at 9,067 ± 7,481 CFU/mL and 1,147 ± 689 CFU/mL, respectively, which occurred in the coastal waters of Gerokgak Village. The total bacteria and Vibrio spp. of up to 500 ± 52 CFU/mL and 65 ± 7 CFU/mL, respectively, were also observed in the waters of Pemuteran Village which are likely to be the effects of aquaculture activities in these of three locations. This study concludes that the fluctuation pattern of bacterial population in the coastal waters of Gerokgak District, Bali is primarily influenced by the season and activities of the fish farming. The high population of Vibrio spp. in the coastal waters could lead to a fish disease oubreak related to the pathogenic bacterium

Identification and characterization of the lactic acid bacteria isolated from Malaysian fermented fish (Pekasam)

Recently researchers are interested with the biotherapeutic potential of probiotics in gut disease treatment. The bacteria are generally regarded as a safe, have a stability of usage and originate from the natural resources. The study aims to identify and characterize the potential probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from Malaysian fermented fish product known as Pekasam. Fourty isolates obtained were firstly screened for their antagonism activities against the common pathogenic bacteria; Esherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella sp. Our study revealed only three (labeled as L8, L20 and S1) of the isolates tested showed broad antimicrobial effects towards the pathogenic bacteria. All of the isolates were also γ-hemolytic and tolerant to various pH (pH 3, 5 and 7.5) and 0.3% (w/v) bile salts. The bacteria isolates of strain L8 and L20 were susceptible to seven antibiotics tested except vancomycin and tetracycline whereas S1 was resistant to all antibiotics. Phenotypic tests revealed that both bacteria isolates of strain L8 and L20 were Bacillus megaterium while S1 was Pediococcus pentosaceus whereas 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed potential bacteria isolates of strain L8 and L20 belonged to the Lactobacillus plantarum (99% similarity) and S1 was characterized as Lactobacillus pentosus (100% similarity) respectively. Our present study showed that the probiotics of strain L8, L20 and S1 isolated from the fermented fish (Pekasam) exhibited the potential probiotic properties to be developed as biotherapeutic agents

ANALISIS HUKUM JUAL-BELI BUKU HASIL BAJAKAN

Dewasa ini, semakin canggihnya teknologi maka semakin banyak pula ragam jual beli dilakukan. Bahkan, banyak orang muslim yang melakukan jual beli tanpa mengetahui hukum-hukum dan ketentuan-ketentuan jual beli yang halal dalam Islam. Seperti contohnya yang terjadi pada saat ini yaitu maraknya pembajakan hak cipta. Di Indonesia, pembajakan sangat sering terjadi. Bahkan, masyarakat sudah terbiasa dengan hal itu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk membahas suatu hukum dari kegiatan jual beli buku hasil bajakan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang mengkaji suatu hukum menggunakan sumber bahan hukum berupa peraturan undang-undang, keputusan/ketetapan pengadilan, teori hukum dan Fatwa MUI. Penelitian ini juga termasuk dalam penelitian studi pustakan karena menggunakan sumber tertulis dalam penulisannya, baik itu sumber primer maupun sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah hukum jual-beli yang dilakukan terhadap buku bajakan hukumnya adalah haram. Sebab, pembajakan sama saja dengan kegiatan pencurian yaitu mengambil sesuatu hak milik orang lain. Namun, hukum membeli buku bajakan bisa saja menjadi boleh dengan catatan sudah berusaha mencari buku dengan kondisi original namun tidak ditemukan. Maka hukum yang pada awalnya adalah haram berubah menjadi boleh

History of Islamic political movements in Turkey

This article investigates the history of Islamic political movements in Turkey. The time period of the article cover the time after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 to the year 2000. It is argued in the article that Islamic movements were largely suppressed in the period between 1923-1945 when the country was ruled with a single party regime led by the Republican Peoples Party. With the introduction of multi-party political system in 1945, political Islam found the opportunity for political activism in the body of Democrat Party. But the political Islam found a more organized opportunity with the establishment of National Order Party in 1970 and National Salvation Party in 1971 by Necmettin Erbakan. Based on a programme of National View, the Turkish political Islam was known for its aim to support material development with a parallel moral and spiritual development with a reaction to the west in interstate relations. Turkish political Islam expressed itself with Welfare Party in 1983 to function until 1998 with some clear changes in its programme particularly in its agreement with contemporary political institutions and later support for Turkey’s integration with the west. Turkish political Islam experienced its first great electoral success during the WP period. However, the WP is closed down in 1998 by the Constitutional Court due to allegations about anti-secularism and driven to a process of breakdown. © 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved

Evaluación de estirpes bacterianas para la formación de consorcio probiótico para uso en el cultivo de camarones marinos: Litopenaeus vannamei / Evaluation of bacterial strains for the formation of a probiotic consortium for use in the cultivation of marine shrimps: Litopenaeus vannamei

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar estirpes bacterianas con características probióticas, aisladas del tracto intestinal de camarones marinos (Litopenaeus vannamei). Ciento noventa y una (191) estirpes fueron evaluadas para su selección basada en pruebas fenotípicas y genotípicas incluyendo: factores de virulencia (elastasa, gelatinasa, caseinasa, lípasa e fosfolipasa), tolerancia a diferentes temperaturas (4°C e 40°C) y pHs (5 e 9), prueba de susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos, prueba de agregación, antagonismo y prueba de identificación molecular  (secuenciamiento-gen 16S rRNA). Las estirpes identificadas fueron agrupadas en diferentes géneros: Bacillus, Vibrios, Staphylococcus y un grupo con representantes de diferentes géneros bacterianos. Fueron formados tres grupos bacterianos prioritarios atendiendo a la respuesta de las estirpes frente a las diferentes pruebas analizadas. La mayoría de las estirpes (66,45%) presentó resistência frente a la oxitetraciclina. Todas las estirpes presentaron susceptibilidad frente al cloranfenicol y la tetraciclina. Ninguna estirpe presentó antagonismo frente al patógeno Vibrio parahaemolyticus. De las 70 estirpes que formaron parte de los tres grupos prioritarios, 16 estirpes (22,85%) resultaron antagónicas frente a Vibrio harvey. Doce estirpes bacterianas mostraron resultados satisfactorios en la técnica de antagonismo cruzado. Fueron formados tres consorcios bacterianos con aquellas estirpes que cumplieron los requisitos como probiótico potencial