Implementation Of Quality Control Analysis Techniques On A Blood Product As A Case-Study

Save and high blood quality is an indispensable need for every patient. Providing adequate blood products for the patients is the aim of the hospital KH(deliberately didn't mention the name of hospital) that’s why they introduced the quality management department to be sure of serving the hospital needs by operating under the 10 quality system essentials to be in control of all of its processes in a cost-effective way. KH is an accredited member with the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) since 1989, and participating of the Collage of American Pathologists (CAP) since 1994 in order to make sure of being developed in their services. In this work the a comprehensive field study was implemented to analyze the quality of the system in order to know its weaknesses and try to improve it, and to assure that safety is applied according to specific standards to provide safety environment to the employees, customers and visitors in all areas of the blood bank. The main causes or errors that lead to discarding blood units are studied. As a result of this work suggested solutions were obtained to reduce causes or errors. Safety aspects were analyzed and improved; issues related to quality management such as filing system of documents tracking information flow between blood bank departments were improved

Economic Impact of Thermal Insulation of the Building's Envelope

Climate change was the beginning of the depletion of fossil fuels, and increasing expansion in investment projects in various sectors of our life, all play a key role in the increasing demand for energy. So energy is considered one of the biggest priorities and challenges facing the world economy due to the lack of conventional energy sources of crude oil and natural gas used in energy generation. The use of thermal insulation materials in building's envelope is one of the ways to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, this study will address the importance of the use of thermal insulation materials in building' envelope to reduce energy loss as a result of heating and cooling conditions. The case sudy was the implementation of thermal insulation on Engineering Faculty building's envelope/ Muta'h University. The thermal loads were calculated for the building, with and without thermal insulation, by using four common different insulation materials which are; Rockwool, foam concert, double-glazing and extended Polystyrene. The selection of these materials depends on availability in the market, cost of implementation and the coefficient of thermal conductivity. The results showed that the polystyrene extended of thickness 10 cm is the best material for the thermal insulation in comparison of the others. The reduction ratio in thermal transmittance reached up to 76%; while in volume ratio of central heating fuel consumption reached up to 26.7%

Wind Power Generation Utilizing a Special Buildings Layout Design to Enhance the Wind Speed

There is a high growing interest for the use of wind power utilizing the building's layout design. The main objective of this work is to accelerate the wind speed before reaching the turbines by using spatial design of twin's buildings; this will generate more electric power. The variables which are affecting the wind speed directed to turbines are the angle between the twin buildings, the height and the length of buildings. The results have shown that the wind speed was accelerated in the intervening space between the buildings irrespective of the distance between the walls of adjacent buildings. Nine wind turbines were installed in three rows and three columns on the wall between the two buildings to generate the electricity. These turbines were located at the top of the wall to face higher wind speed because wind speed depends on height. Also the results showed that the wind speed was accelerated by about five times for the building layout design of the present study; while the generated power was about 125 times in comparison with the buildings do not have a spatial layout design (i.e. they do not enclose an angle between them). Finally the average power generated for the present work buildings dimensions with normal consumption of electricity will cover about 13% of the total normal consumption demand of the buildings (the power generated of the present work buildings layout design is about 0.23 GWh/year)

Ultrasound Technology Integration into Drinking Water Treatment Train

Fresh water is one of the main sources for drinking water production. Due to increasing contamination caused by extreme weather events such as flood and drought as well as urbanization activities, the quality of this source continues to deteriorate. In order to maintain producing high-quality water from heavily contaminated sources, more chemicals are added to water in conventional treatment plants. This practice generates serious health problems such as the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and the increase of coagulants residues (e.g., Al) in the treated water. Combining chemical-free techniques with conventional treatment processes can be a potential solution for such problems. When evaluating various techniques, ultrasound appears to be a sensible choice for improving contaminants removal from surface water. This chapter sheds light on the exacerbating problem of fresh water contamination and succinctly reviews chemical-free techniques’ options for water treatment. The focus of this chapter is directed toward providing critical and insightful discussion of fundamentals, mechanisms, and reaction pathways of ultrasound technology for water treatment application. Recommendations for the best location and operating settings of ultrasound application in conventional water treatment train will be provided based on energy saving and minimal downstream impact criteria

SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION, DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY, AND DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME NEW 2-MERCAPTO PYRIMIDINE SCHIFF BASES

Objective: Pyrimidine derivatives are reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anticonvulsant activities. Encouraged by this remarks, we decided to synthesize novel compounds of new 2-macraptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases. Methods: The present work involves the synthesis of new 2-mercaptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases. The starting, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, compound (1) reacted with thiourea to afford the corresponding 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (2). Then compound (2) was used as the key intermediate to prepare the -1-(2-hydroxy benzylidene)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (3), and (1-benzylidine)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (4), through the reaction with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, respectively. Results: All the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro, antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and four Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi, and the results showed that most of them have good antibacterial activity. While their antifungal activity against three fungi species (Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terrus and Rhizopus) revealed that compounds (2-4) displayed the most potent antifungal activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the synthesized 2-mercapto pyrimidine derivatives were conducted, using a molecular structure with optimized geometry. Highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and structures are demonstrated. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity indicates that compounds (3) and (4) are the most active than the compounds (1) and (2). Molecular docking revealed that compounds (3) and (4), with bulky phenyl groups are essential to blocking the active centers of glucose -6-phosphate synthase in the bacteria and fungi

Work Stress Management in Constructions Industry and the Contractors' Commitment Level with the Labor Law

Stress was defined as the challenges that excites and weaken the individual, these challenges, when removed, most people's lives will become easier. The methodology of this work was based on two types of collecting data methods; the qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative method was based on conducting a critical literature review and investigating case studies related to the main reasons of work stress. While the quantitative method was based on collecting and analyzing data obtained from distributing 450 questionnaires to the employees in a private construction company as a casestudy. The results of the data analysis showed that the stress's effect has many consequences on employee such as: low job involvement, a lack of interest for the organization, low performance (quality and quantity), a loss of creativity and responsibility, accident prone behavior as well as voluntary turnover. Also, the results have showed that the stress reduces the performance of workers and also decreases the quality of service by 33.9%, adversely impact on health of employees by 42.2%. Also, the stress leads to lack of the employees' interest of the organization and reduces their affiliation to it by 66%. Finally the results illustrated that the rate of the contractor’s commitment to the texts of the Kuwaiti Labor Law was 68% as well the contractors are fair and give the employees their specified rights in the Kuwaiti Labor Law by 42.6%

Biofuels from the fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (FWM-CV) for diesel engines

This work aims to investigate biofuels for diesel engines produced on a lab-scale from the fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (FWM-CV). The impact of growing conditions on the properties of biodiesel produced from FWM-CV was evaluated. The properties of FWM-CV biodiesel were found to be within the ASTM standards for biodiesel. Due to the limited amount of biodiesel produced on the lab-scale, the biomass of dry cells of FWM-CV was used to yield emulsified water fuel. The preparation of emulsion fuel with and without FWM-CV cells was conducted using ultrasound to overcome the problems of large size microalgae colonies and to form homogenized emulsions. The emulsified water fuels, prepared using ultrasound, were found to be stable and the size of FWM-CV colonies were effectively reduced to pass through the engine nozzle safely. Engine tests at 3670 rpm were conducted using three fuels: cottonseed biodiesel CS-B100, emulsified cottonseed biodiesel water fuel, water and emulsifier (CS-E20) and emulsified water containing FWM-CV cells CS-ME20. The results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was increased by about 41% when the engine was fuelled with emulsified water fuels compared to CS-B100. The engine power, exhaust gas temperature, NOx and CO2 were significantly lower than that produced by CS-B100. The CS-ME20 produced higher power than CS-E20 due to the heating value improvement as a result of adding FWM-CV cells to the fuel

Energy conversion efficiency of pulsed ultrasound

Energy characterization of a pulsed ultrasonic system was carried out using a modified calorimetric method. Sonochemical efficiency (SE) for the oxidation of Fe+2 and the formation of H2O2 was determined for selected on:off ratios (R) and different power levels. The measured efficiency of the pulsed ultrasonic system of 60-70% in converting electrical energy into calorimetric energy was found to be constant for all Rratios and equivalent to that for continuous operation. SE of Fe+2 and H2O2 for pulsed ultrasound was higher than that of continuous ultrasound. The ratio R=0.2:0.1 had the highest SE values overall, while for long off-timeratios,R=0.1:0.6 recorded the highest value of SE. These results were supported by the production rates results for Fe+2 and H2O2

Comparison Mechanical Properties of Two Types of Light Weight Aggregate Concrete

This paper presents the behavior of concrete properties by replacing the conventional coarse aggregate used in the concrete mixture by two types of lightweight aggregate; Expanded Perlite Aggregate (EPA) and Volcanic Pumice (VP). To fulfill this aim; three laboratory tests were applied; density, compressive strength, and abrasion resistance, that conducted to extrapolate the range of the changes in the properties of concrete with existence those types of aggregate in the mixture. Also, the volumetric proportion adopted as a strategy for replacing the coarse aggregate by EPA or VP in the concrete mixture. Then, the volumetric proportion ranged from 10% to 50% with the variation step was 10%. Therefore, ten concrete mixtures are prepared and divided into two groups; each group contains five concrete mixes to represent the volumetric replacement (10-50)% of conventional coarse aggregate by EPA or VP. On the other hand, one extra mixture designed by using conventional aggregate (coarse and fine aggregate) without any inclusion of EPA or VP to be considered as a reference mixture. The obtained laboratory results of this study proved that the density, compressive strength, and abrasion resistance readings of concrete decreased at any volumetric proportion replacement of coarse aggregate by EPA or VP. The decrease in density and compressive strength of concrete readings amounted the peak level at 50% replacing of coarse aggregate by EPA, which were 38.19% and 77.37%, respectively than the reference mixture. Additionally, the compressive strength is an important factor affecting the abrasion resistance of concrete mixture, and loss of abrasion decreased as compressive strength increased

Natural and recycled materials for sustainable membrane modification: Recent trends and prospects

Despite water being critical for human survival, its uneven distribution, and exposure to countless sources of pollution make water shortages increasingly urgent. Membrane technology offers an efficient solution for alleviating the water shortage impact. The selectivity and permeability of membranes can be improved by incorporating additives of different nature and size scales. However, with the vast debate about the environmental and economic feasibility of the common nanoscale materials in water treatment applications, we can infer that there is a long way before the first industrial nanocomposite membrane is commercialized. This stumbling block has motivated the scientific community to search for alternative modification routes and/or materials with sustainable features. Herein, we present a pragmatic review merging the concept of sustainability, nanotechnology, and membrane technology through the application of natural additives (e.g., Clays, Arabic Gum, zeolite, lignin, Aquaporin), recycled additives (e.g., Biochar, fly ash), and recycled waste (e.g., Polyethylene Terephthalate, recycled polystyrene) for polymeric membrane synthesis and modification. Imparted features on polymeric membranes, induced by the presence of sustainable natural and waste-based materials, are scrutinized. In addition, the strategies harnessed to eliminate the hurdles associated with the application of these nano and micro size additives for composite membranes modification are elaborated. The expanding research efforts devoted recently to membrane sustainability and the prospects for these materials are discussed. The findings of the investigations reported in this work indicate that the application of natural and waste-based additives for composite membrane fabrication/modification is a nascent research area that deserves the attention of both research and industry