Natural β-chitin-protein complex film obtained from waste razor shells for transdermal capsaicin carrier

In the literature, the produced β-chitin samples are in powder or flake forms but there is no natural β-chitin based film. Also, the commercially available transdermal patches are produced from synthetic polymers. In this regard,we produced natural β-chitin-protein complex (CPC) film fromthewaste shells of Ensis spp. The obtained natural filmwas characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM. Additionally, swelling, thickness, contact angle and antioxidant tests were done to learn more about the films. After production and characterization of the film, capsaicin, which is commonly used for pain reliefwas loaded into the film. The loading capacitywas recorded as 5.79%. The kineticmodelswere studied in three different pH, then the resultswere fittedwith Higuchimodelwith high correlation at pH 7.4. After considering all the obtained results, the capsaicin loaded CPC film may be an alternative candidate for transdermal patch instead of the synthetic ones.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Conformation depends on 4D-QSAR analysis using EC-GA method: pharmacophore identification and bioactivity prediction of TIBOs as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

The electron conformational and genetic algorithm methods (EC-GA) were integrated for the identification of the pharmacophore group and predicting the anti HIV-1 activity of tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepinone (TIBO) derivatives. To reveal the pharmacophore group, each conformation of all compounds was arranged by electron conformational matrices of congruity. Multiple comparisons of these matrices, within given tolerances for high active and low active TIBO derivatives, allow the identification of the pharmacophore group that refers to the electron conformational submatrix of activity. The effects of conformations, internal and external validation were investigated by four different models based on an ensemble of conformers and a single conformer, both with and without a test set. Model 1 using an ensemble of conformers for the training (39 compounds) and test sets (13 compounds), obtained by the optimum seven parameters, gave satisfactory results (R-training(2) = 0.878, R-test(2) = 0.910, q(2) = 0.840, q(ext1)(2) = 0.926 and q(ext2)(2) = 0.900)

CMC-based edible coating composite films from Brewer's spent grain waste: a novel approach for the fresh strawberry package

This study points to the coated strawberry with new edible films originating from the components of Brewer's spent grain (BSG) obtained as a large amount of waste during brewing. The aim of this study was to measure the high protein, phenolic compounds and cellulose from the BSG waste, which is created as waste in the brewing and mostly used as animal feed, with a new approach to coating strawberries. Cellulose, protein and phenolic compounds were extracted from BSG which is high in these components. Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) was synthesized from the obtained cellulose to produce edible films incorporated with different concentrations of protein and phenolic compounds of BSG. The production of the films was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and mechanical analysis and their antioxidant activities. Weight loss, titration acidity, pH, soluble solids and anthocyanin content were determined for uncoated and coated strawberries with each formulation. Total phenolic was observed to be 2.28 mg GAE/g, and the total protein amount in BSG was observed to be 26.81 g per 100 g dry weight. The results showed that the protein and phenolic compounds used in CMC benefited the CMC film-coated strawberry and could be used as a food packaging material in future. The appearance of composite film-coated strawberry was better than that of uncoated films at the end of the 5 days of storage at room temperature due to the protective properties of the film. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Newly isolated sporopollenin microcages from Cedrus libani and Pinus nigra as carrier for Oxaliplatin; xCELLigence RTCA-based release assay

Sporopollenin-mediated control drug delivery has been studied extensively owing to its desirable physicochemical and biological properties. Herein, sporopollenin was successfully extracted from C. libani and P. nigra pollens followed by loading of a commonly known anticancer drug Oxaliplatin. Drug loading and physicochemical features were confirmed by using light microscopy, FT-IR, SEM and TGA. For the first-time, real-time cell analyzer system xCELLigence was employed to record the Oxaliplatin loaded sporopollenin-mediated cell death (CaCo-2 and Vero cells) in real time. Both the release assays confirmed the slow release of oxaliplatin from sporopollenin for around 40–45 h. The expression of MYC and FOXO-3 genes has been significantly increased in CaCo2 cell and decreased non-cancerous Vero cell confirming the fact that sporopollenin-mediated control release of oxaliplatin is promoting apoptosis cell death preventing the spread of negative effects on nearby healthy cells. All the results suggested that C. libani and P. nigra can be suitable candidates for the slow delivery of drugs.</p

False flax (Camelina sativa) seed oil as suitable ingredient for the enhancement of physicochemical and biological properties of chitosan films

To overcome the drawbacks of synthetic films in food packaging industry, researchers are turned to natural bio-based edible films enriched with various plant additives. In current study chitosan blend films were produced by incorporating Camelina sativa seed oil at varying concentrations to chitosan matrix. The chitosan blend films were characterized both physicochemically (structural, morphological, thermal, optical and mechanical) and biologically (antimicrobial and antioxidant activity). The incorporation of C. sativa seed oil notably enhanced thermal stability, antioxidative, anti-quorum sensing and antimicrobial activity. Except elongation at break, other mechanical properties of the blend films were not affected by incorporation of C. sativa seed oil. The surface morphology of blend films was recorded as slightly rough, non-porous and fibre-free surface. As it was expected the optical transmittance in visible region was gradually decreased with increasing fraction of seed oil. Interestingly the hydrophilicity of the blend films revealed a swift increase which can be explained by the formation of micelle between glycerol and Tween 40 in blend films. This study provides valuable information for C. sativa seed oil to be used as a blending ingredient in chitosan film technology.</p

Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties

WOS: 000415779800007PubMed: 28866017Practical applications of biopolymers in different industries are gaining considerable increase day by day. But still, these biopolymers lack important properties in order to meet the industrial demands. In the same regard, in the current study, chitosan composite films are produced by incorporating diatomite soil at two different concentrations. In order to obtain a homogeneous film, glutaraldehyde was supplemented to chitosan solution as a cross-linker. Compositing diatomaceous earth to chitosan film resulted in improvement of various important physicochemical properties compared to control such as; enhanced film wettability, increase elongation at break and improved thermal stability (264-277 degrees C). The microstructure of the film was observed to haveconsisted of homogeneously distributed blister-shaped structures arised due to the incorporation of diatomite. The incorporation of diatomite did not influence the overall antioxidant activity of the composite films, which can be ascribe to the difficulty radicals formation. Chitosan film incorporated with increasing fraction of diatomite revealed a notable enhancement in the antimicrobial activity. Additionally with the present study, for the first time possible interactions between chitosan/diatomite were determined via quantum chemical calculations. Current study will be helpful in giving a new biotechnological perspective to diatom in terms of its successful application in hydrophobic composite film production. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

On chemistry of γ-chitin

WOS: 000410970900021PubMed: 28927596The biological material, chitin, is present in nature in three allomorphic forms: alpha, beta and gamma. Whereas most studies have dealt with alpha- and beta-chitin, only few investigations have focused on gamma-chitin, whose structural and physicochemical properties have not been well delineated. In this study, chitin obtained for the first time from the cocoon of the moth (Orgyia dubia) was subjected to extensive physicochemical analyses and examined, in parallel, with alpha-chitin from exoskeleton of a freshwater crab and 5-chitin from cuttlebone of the common cuttlefish. Our results, which are supported by13C CP-MAS NMR, XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, SEM, AFM, chitinase digestive test and elemental analysis, verify the authenticity of beta-chitin. Further, quantum chemical calculations were conducted on all three allomorphic forms, and, together with our physicochemical analyses, demonstrate that gamma-chitin is distinct, yet closer in structure to alpha-chitin than beta-chitin.DFG [HE 394/3-2]; BHMZ Programme of Dr.-Erich-Kruger-Foundation in GermanyWe are thankful for the following financial support - DFG Project HE 394/3-2 and the BHMZ Programme of Dr.-Erich-Kruger-Foundation in Germany

Chitosan loses innate beneficial properties after being dissolved in acetic acid: supported by detailed molecular modeling

Chitosan, which is obtained via deacetylation of chitin, has a variety of uses in agriculture, food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Industrial chitosan is in a gel form, which is produced by dissolving in acetic acids. These gels can be chitosan-only films or composite films that include other ingredients such as plant extracts or other polymers. Chitosan-based films, however, are not as natural as chitosan dissolved in weak acids, and they lack some of chitosan’s innate properties. In this study, natural chitosan films (NCFs) were obtained from the pupa shells of black soldier flies through a process that maintains the original structure. The semisynthetic film (SCF) was then produced by dissolving the same NCF in acetic acid along with glycerol and glutaraldehyde. The semisynthetic film remarkably lost the beneficial properties of the natural film. The deteriorated characteristics include hydrophobicity, crystallinity, thermal properties, as well as a loss of fibril structure and a reduction in bacterial attachment. Moreover, the Ag-deposited NCFs manifested strikingly higher surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity as compared with the semisynthetic ones. These results, including the molecular modeling data, demonstrate that dissolving chitosan in acetic acid changes its polymeric structureAgronomijos fakultetasVytauto Didžiojo universiteta

Chitosan Loses Innate Beneficial Properties after Being Dissolved in Acetic Acid: Supported by Detailed Molecular Modeling

Chitosan, which is obtained via deacetylation of chitin, has a variety of uses in agriculture, food, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Industrial chitosan is in a gel form, which is produced by dissolving in acetic acids. These gels can be chitosan-only films or composite films that include other ingredients such as plant extracts or other polymers. Chitosan-based films, however, are not as natural as chitosan dissolved in weak acids, and they lack some of chitosans innate properties. In this study, natural chitosan films (NCFs) were obtained from the pupa shells of black soldier flies through a process that maintains the original structure. The semisynthetic film (SCF) was then produced by dissolving the same NCF in acetic acid along with glycerol and glutaraldehyde. The semisynthetic film remarkably lost the beneficial properties of the natural film. The deteriorated characteristics include hydrophobicity, crystallinity, thermal properties, as well as a loss of fibril structure and a reduction in bacterial attachment. Moreover, the Ag-deposited NCFs manifested strikingly higher surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity as compared with the semisynthetic ones. These results, including the molecular modeling data, demonstrate that dissolving chitosan in acetic acid changes its polymeric structure

Production of novel chia-mucilage nanocomposite films with starch nanocrystals; An inclusive biological and physicochemical perspective

In the current study, chia mucilage composite films with starch nanocrystals (3% and 6%)were produced. The films were analyzed physicochemically (FT-IR, AFM, TGA, DSC), mechanically (Tensile strength and contact angle)and biologically (antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxicity)properties. The incorporation of starch nanocrystals was confirmed through FT-IR spectra showing broad OH peak and C[dbnd]O stretching and shift in N[sbnd]H bending vibrations to the lower wave number. Starch nanocrystals enhanced (control 287.23 °C, film with 3% SNC 286.91 °C and film with 6% mucilage 289.41 °C)the thermal properties of the composite films. The Young Modulus of the film showed an increase after the incorporation of starch nanocrystals due to the strong interaction between mucilage and nanocrystals. On the other hand, the overall hydrophobicity of mucilage composite film decreased due to the hydrophilic nature of cornstarch nanocrystals. MTT assay for cell proliferation revealed significant inhibition of cancer cell (HepG2)lines and exhibits a very low inhibition of epithelial cell line (Vero). Starch nanocrystals enhanced the antibacterial and antioxidant (threefold increase compare to control)properties of mucilage composite films. Mucilage-SNC composite films could be a good therapeutic gain for control and directed drug delivery, food packaging, food coating.</p