Molecular identification of Theileria and Babesia in sheep and goats in the Black Sea Region in Turkey

This study was carried out to investigate presence and distribution of Theileria and Babesia species via microscopic examination and reverse line blotting (RLB) techniques in sheep and goats in the Black Sea region of Turkey. For this purpose, 1,128 blood samples (869 sheep and 259 goats) were collected by active surveillance from sheep and goats in different provinces of various cities in the region in the years 2010 and 2011. Smears were prepared from the blood samples, stained with Giemsa, and examined under the light microscope for Theileria and Babesia piroplasms. The genomic DNAs were extracted from blood samples. The length of 360–430-bp fragment in the variable V4 region of 18S SSU rRNA gene of Theileria and Babesia species was amplified using the gDNAs. The polymerase chain reaction products were hybridized to the membraneconnected species-specific probes. A total of 38 animals (3.37 %) including 34 sheep (3.91 %) and 4 goats (1.54 %) were found to be positive for Theileria spp. piroplasms in microscopic examination of smears while Babesia spp. piroplasm could not detected. Infection rates were 34.64 % in sheep, 10.04 % in goats, and totally 28.99 % for Theileria ovis while 0.58 % in sheep and totally 0.44 % for Babesia ovis. However, Theileria sp. OT3 was detected in 2.65 % of sheep and 2.04 % of all animals; besides Theileria sp., MK had 0.58 % prevalence in sheep and 0.77 % in goats, with a total 0.62 % with RLB. Although T. ovis and Theileria sp. MK were determined in both sheep and goats, B. ovis and Theileria sp. OT3 were observed only in the sheep. These results provide the first detailed molecular data for sheep and goat theileriosis and babesiosis in the region

Determination of the Considerations of the Farmers about Irrigation Organizations by Factor Analysis

In this study, the considerations of the farmers who were affiliated to the organizations undertakingthe irrigation administration in Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ and Çanakkale provinces about irrigationorganizations were analyzed. Within the scope of the study, surveys were conducted in 70 irrigation cooperatives,67 municipality and legal entities, 7 irrigation unions and 1 DSI irrigation organization. Total of 567, 113, 227and 7 surveys were conducted in the irrigation facilities administrated by irrigation cooperatives, irrigationunions, municipality and legal entities and DSI, respectively. Total of 301 surveys in 74 villages of 9 districts inEdirne, 168 surveys in 43 villages of 5 districts in Tekirdağ, 156 surveys in 36 villages of 4 districts in Kırklareliand 289 surveys in 69 villages of 11 districts in Çanakkale were conducted. The conclusions of the farmers wereevaluated by using five point likert scale. It was determined that the irrigation organizations did not notice thetraining of the farmers, did not include these trainings in their working schedules and similarly, they did notconduct studies aimed at the conscious and balanced use of the agricultural inputs. Factor analysis was used forthe evaluation of the considerations of the farmers about irrigation organizations. KMO and Barlett test statisticswas used in order to examine the convenience of the considerations to factor analysis and KMO value was foundas 0.891. According to factor analysis results, 13 variables were gathered in three factor groups named as“Administration”, “Ownership and Service” and “Consciousness Raising”

On the qualitative behaviors of solutions of third-order nonlinear functional differential equations

AbstractThe third-order nonlinear functional differential equations of the form (r2(t)(r1(t)y′)′)′+p(t)y′+q(t)f(y(g(t)))=0 are considered. We present some new oscillatory and asymptotic behavior of solutions of this equation by modifying a method given for second-order differential equations. Our results are applicable to nonlinear functional differential equations of the above form. Several examples are also given to illustrate the importance of our results

Two newborn case reports diagnosed as Walker Warburg syndrome

Walker-Warburg sendromu (WWS) otozomal resesif (OR) geçişgösteren, retinal ve serebral anomaliler ile karakterize bir konjenital muskuler distrofidir. Bu makalede, öyküde akraba evliliğiolan hipotoni, makrosefali, tipik MR bulguları ve yüksek kreatinin kinaz düzeyi ile WWS tanısı koyduğumuz iki olgu sunulacaktır. Bu olguların sunulmasındaki amaç WWS için karakteristik vediagnostik olan MR bulgularını vurgulamak, nadir görülen busendrom için pediatristlerin yanı sıra radyologların da dikkatiniçekmek, OR geçiş göstermesi nedeniyle aileye verilecek danışmanlığın önemini vurgulamaktır.Walker-Warburg Syndrome (WWS) is a an inherited autosomal recessive congenital muscular atrophy characterized by retinal and cerebral anomalies. In this report two cases who had history of consanguineous marriage diagnosed as WWS according to findings of hypotonia, typical MR images and high creatini-ne phosphokinase levels, were presented. The aim of presenting these cases was to emphasize the characteristic and diagnostic MR findings for WWS, to distract attention of radiologists and pediatricians to this rarely seen syndrome and to emphasize the genetic counseling of families due to autosomal recessive inheritance of WWS

Anesthetic Management of Patient for Case with Apert Syndrome

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited mandibulofacial dysostosis characterized by craniosynostosis, syndactyly, high forehead, broad nose, maxillary hypoplasia, synostosis of cervical vertebrae, organ malformations, and mental retardation. It is rarely encountered and as there is little knowledge of the anesthesia practice for this syndrome in the literature, we present our anesthesia experience of a case undergoing bilateral syndactyly surgery

Comparison of standardized uptake values obtained from two- and three-dimensional modes of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET-CT in oncological cases

PURPOSEWe investigated the usability of standardized uptake values (SUV) obtained from both two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) positron-emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging, and compared the images obtained from these techniques in terms of image quality, lesion detectability, and the presence of artifacts. MATERIALS AND METHODSImage data from 100 patients, who had undergone two PET imagings obtained in 2D and 3D mode after a low dose CT, were evaluated prospectively. Subjective analysis of 2D and 3D images was performed by two readers evaluating the following criteria: overall image quality, detectability of each identified lesion, and the presence of artifacts. The lesions recognized by the readers were also analyzed quantitatively by measuring SUV values. RESULTSThere was a significant difference between the SUVs obtained in 2D and 3D modes. Regardless if the first scan was performed in 2D or 3D mode, the values obtained from 3D imaging were significantly lower than those obtained from 2D imaging (mean SUVmax was 10.48±7.57 for 2D, and 9.66±6.93 for 3D, P < 0.001). Visual analysis did not reveal significant differences regarding lesion detectability between two modes. CONCLUSIONIn oncological PET-CT applications, SUV values are significantly lower in 3D compared with 2D mode. Thus when serial scanning is needed to evaluate response to therapy in the same patient, the imaging modality should be taken into account and performed with the same method to avoid misinterpretation. Additionally, 3D PET-CT imaging can be used instead of 2D PET-CT due to its shorter scanning time without loss of lesion detectability

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STRENGTHENING OF HEAT TREATED SLENDER STEEL PLATES WITH GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYMERS (GFRP)

Steel structural elements face local buckling problems under both bending and axial compressive loads. It is possible to rectify this buckled element by applying heat treatment method instead of replacing it with a new one. This retrofit process can quickly be performed to repair locally buckled structural elements in emergency situations such as earthquakes. However; heat treatment technique is addressed as temporary retrofit due to the decrease in the stiffness of the original material and the existence of permanent geometrical imperfections implemented in the repaired structural element. Buckling behavior of the repaired element truely will be different from the original element because of these effects. This study aims to change this temporary retrofit into a permanent one. Following the application of heat treatment techniques, glass fiber reinforced polymers have been bonded to surfaces to investigate the different bonding compositions for strengthening purpose. The outcomes of this experimental study are evaluated to validate the proposed method

Obtaining a permanent repair by using GFRP in steel plates reformed by heat-treatment

Applying heat treatment to buckled steel construction elements especially at the time of disaster, are accepted as temporary repairs. This study aims to turn temporary retrofits applied to steel structural elements into permanent repairs using an additional operation. To this end, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to remedy weaknesses observed in elements repaired with heat treatment by gluing fiber-reinforced polymer plates to them. Experimental and parametric studies show that a permanent repair can be achieved by affixing GFRP plates to locally buckled steel structures after heat treatment In addition, a formula is presented to calculate the critical buckling stress in GFRP-reinforced steel plates based on the slenderness ratio. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Developing an Integrated VR Infrastructure in Architectural Design Education

With the advent of computer technology, Virtual Reality (VR) became an integral part of design studios in architecture education. Researchers have been exploring how VR-enhanced design studios can be assessed from a student-centered perspective. This paper illustrates the role of teaching architectural design for developing a novel and contextual curriculum based on an analysis of student feedback. The background focuses on the development of VR-based architectural design education. The methodology frames two digital design ecosystems which are experimented in four undergraduate courses. With an ecosystem-based approach discussed in this paper, a medium-oriented and a content-oriented curriculum are offered for testing students' reaction to teaching design in VR. In both ecosystems, students are engaged with advanced digital design methods and techniques, which include 3D form-finding, building information modeling, visual programming, coding, and real-time rendering. The study screens the usage of software solutions for the creation of complex virtual environments, covering Blender, Rhinoceros, Unity, Grasshopper, and Revit. The implementation of a User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) comparatively demonstrates the performative qualities of both digital design ecosystems. Results indicate that the intensity of interaction varied in two incomparable, but connate, levels of qualities. The findings suggest that the perspicuity aspects of student interaction bare the risk of “complicated” and “confusing” software. The results further demonstrate a conflict between task-related qualities and non-task related qualities. Additionally, interacting with VR tools in architecture design education is found attractive, stimulating, and original despite low scores on the pragmatic qualities of perspicuity, efficiency, and dependability. The data and results obtained from this study give insight into the planning of design studios in architecture education based on the use of VR and digital methods. Therefore, this study contributes to future research in the contextualization of the design teaching efforts