Hubungan Pengetahuan Pembimbing Klinik Tentang Bimbingan Dengan Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Klinik Pada Mahasiswa Praktik Keperawatan Di Rsu Pandan Arang Boyolali

Latar Belakang: tenaga perawatan yang dihasilkan melalui pendidikan tinggi keperawatan diharapkan mampu menjadi perawat yang profesional dalam bidang keperawatan yang memiliki kompetensi, intelektual, interpersonal dalam masyarakat. Fenomena yang terjadi lulusan pendidikan keperawatan tidak percaya diri tidak siap masuk memasuki lapangan kerja dan penguasaan ketrampilan yang kurang. Fenomena yang terjadi dilahan praktik banyak pembimbing klinik kurang menguasai tehnik bimbingan, aspek teoritik yang kurang, kurang menguasai iptek dan pembimbing klinik yang ada belum dikelola secara maksimal. Banyak mahasiswa praktik mengutarakan, pembimbing yang ada tidak menyediakan waktu yang cukup melakukan bimbingan. Pembimbing klinik mengutarakan tidak ada informasi yang jelas tentang kompetensi praktik klinik mahasiswa bimbingannya. Dengan demikian peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara pengetahuan pembimbing klinik dengan pelaksanaan bimbingan pada mahasiswa praktik klinik keperawatan di RSU Pandan Arang Boyolali Metode: Penelitian ini mengunakan desain studi deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan secara cross sectional. Jumlah sampel untuk variabel pengetahuan pembimbing klinik 55 orang pembimbing, diambil dengan tehnik total sampling, variabel pelaksanaan bimbingan 55 mahasiswa, diambil dengan tehnik purposive sampling. Mahasiswa menilai pelaksanaan bimbingan pada akhir stase dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Kemudian data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji Kendall tau-b. Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pengetahuan pembimbing klinik di RSU Pandan Arang Boyolali dalam kategori sedang (67,3%). (2) Pelaksanaan bimbingan pada mahasiswa praktik keperawatan dalam katagori sedang (63,3%). (3) Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan pembimbing dengan pelaksanaan bimbingan. (4) Tidak ada hubungan antara karakteristik umur pembimbing dengan pelaksanaan bimbingan. (5) Tidak ada hubungan antara karakteristik masa kerja pembimbing dengan pelaksanaan bimbingan. (6) Tidak ada hubungan antara karakteristik pendidikan pembimbing dengan pelaksanaan bimbingan

Shark Species on Export Products from East Java and Bali by Dna Barcoding Based on Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (Its-2) Locus in Mitochondrial

DNA barcoding method is the mitochondrial marker for all animal species, and it is claimed as distinguishing feature from one species to another Species identification in shark products is often difficult to perform as they have morphological similarities with many other species and it is even more difficult as they are parts separated from the body for the storage. This research is aimed to know which species of sharks identified in the export products from East Java and Bali by DNA barcoding method. The samples of sharks (meat, fins, skin and bones) used were 90 samples acquired in Surabaya from the export products of East Java and Bali from 2015 to 2017. The DNA barcoding method uses universal primer through nested PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) process which is able to amplify the DNA until around 1,340 bp based on Internal Transcribed Spacer-2 (ITS-2) locus of mitochondria. Based on the result of phylogenetic analysis and the classification list by IUCN, from 90 samples of sharks acquired from export products in East Java and Bali, species identified were: 1.11% Daenia sp categorized as NE (not evaluated); 4.44% Sphyrna zygaena categorized as NT (not Threatened); 3.33% Sphyrna lewini categorized as NT (not Threatened); 10% Rhizoprionodon taylori categorized as LC (least concern); 24% Charcarhinus brevipinna categorized as NT (not Threatened); 2.22% Charcarhinus obscurus categorized as NT (not Threatened); 3.33% Charcarhinus falciformis categorized as LC (least concern); 1.11% Charcarhinus plumbeus categorized as NT (not Threatened); 27.78% Charcarhinus longimanus categorized as VU (vulnerable); 1.11% Neutrygon kuhlii categorized as NE (not evaluated); 1.11% Charcarhinus Taurus categorized as VU (vulnerable); 3.33% Rhizoprionodon longurio categorized as DD (data deficient); 1.11% Rhizoprionodon porosus categorized as DD (data deficient); 1.11% Eusphyra blochii categorized as NT (not Threatened); 4.44% Chiloscyllium griseum categorized as DD (data deficient); 5.56% Rhizoprionodon oligolinx categorized as LC (least concern); 1.11% Prionace glauca categorized as NT (not Threatened); 1.11% Rhizoprionodon lalandii categorized as DD (data deficient). Generally all species found in this research were special fish from Indo-Australian archipelago and included in IUCN red list. The government policy to prohibit export of these species was the right decision to prevent the species extinction. Keywords : ITS-2; Shark; Export Products; Java and Bal

Etik Pada Hewan

Kemajuan penelitian di bidang biomedik dan kedokteran termasuk kedokteran hewan dalam aplikasinya seringkali menimbulkan berbagai masalah etik baru. Hal ini disebabkan kegiatan penelitian di laboratorium, disamping menggunakan model in vitro, akan tetapi banyak juga menggunakan model in vivo dengan mengikutsertakan hewan percobaan sebagai subjek penelitian. Pengikutsertaan hewan percobaan telah menimbulkan berbagai macam reaksi di masyarakat khususnya di kalangan peneliti serta masyarakat penyayang binatang tidak saja di Indonesia akan tetapi juga di seluruh dunia, sebab dapat menimbulkan implikasi etik, hukum dan sosial budaya. Banyak argumen yang diberikan, dimana pada dasarnya manusia tidak dibenarkan menggunakan hewan dalam percobaan yang dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit, nyeri dan perasaan tidak nyaman bagi hewan tersebut. Oleh karena itu dianjurkan dalam penelitian untuk menghindari penggunaan hewan sebagai subjek, bila mungkin mengganti hewan sebagai subjek dengan kultur organ, jaringan atau sel atau mengurangi jumlah hewan yang digunakan

Modulation Effect of ethanol extract of Benalu Tea (Scurrula oortiana) againts antibody titers of broilers With Gumboro Virus infected

The purpose of this study saw the effects of ethanol extract of benalu tea (Scurrula oortiana) modulation of antibody titers of infected broilers gumboro (infectious like HIV). This research using 40 one-day-old broiler chickens (DOC). Broiler chicken experiment was obtained from livestock breeding. The cage was used multiple systems Cages, each unit consisting of one head .. The extract of Benalu tea (Scurrula oortiana) was processed by reflux extraction method with ethanol solvent. The dose regimented was used 10 mg/kg body werght insert to oral administrated start in 7 days until 35 days, and given gumboro virus infection at 20 days by oral administrated at dose EID50 107. Research treatment was used as follows; Group A, given the extract of benalu tea (Scurrula oortiana) without infected gumboro virus; Group B, without a given extract benalu teh (Scurrula oortiana) and without infected gumboro virus; Group C, given the extract of benalu teh (ScurruJa oortiana) and infected with gumboro virus; Group D, without any extract benalu teh (ScurruJa oortiana) and given infected with gumboro virus. Antibody was examined by ELISA method. The results prove that administration of benalu teh (Scurrula oortiana) in broilers infected with gumboro virus (like HIV) provide a significant impact especially in relation to an average of antibody titer (p <0.05). Therefore, the ethanol extract benalu teh (Scurrula oorliana) can be considered as an antiviral against gumboro infections (like HIV) as well as improve the immune system

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the bursa of fabricius of broilers infected with virulent gumboro virus and provides extract Annona squamosa (Swetsop)

The bursa of fabricius serves as an important tissue in the process of gumboro virus (infectious bursal diseases/IBD) pathogenesis, since B cells of the bursa harbor the cytolytic phase of gumboro replication cycle. In the present study, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) associated with gumboro virus infection in the bursa of fabricius of broilers and provides extracts Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) as a leading immunostimulant were investigated. This research using the 40 individuals one-day-old broiler chickens (DOC). Broiler chicken experiment was obtained from livestock breeding. The cage was used multiple systems Cages measuring 20 x 15 x 10 em, each unit consisting of one head so that the number of cages all 40 units. Extraction of Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) is done at the laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala University. Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) used as test material was the result of reflux extraction methods using ethanol as solvent. The extract Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) with a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, administered orally at the age of 7 days until the end of the experiment, namely the age of 35 days, given gumboro virus infection at the age of 20 days in a peroral dose of EID50 107• The design was as follows: Group A: given the extract of Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) without infected gumboro virus; Group B: without a given extract Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) and without infected gumboro virus; Group C: given the Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) and infected with gumboro virus; Group 0: without any extract Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) and given infected with gumboro virus. iNOS expression examination by immunohistochemistry method performed at the Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University. The study began in June 2010 to October 2010. From these results prove that the expression of iNOS was higher in the bursa of gumboro virus infected broilers without any extract Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) when compared to uninfected controls and provides Annona squamosa (Sweetsop) (p<0.05). Keyword: iNOS, IBD, Annona squamosa, Bursa fabriciu

The Number of Macrophages and Heterophils on Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane After Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr Extract Treatment and bFgF Induction

Antiangiogenesis (inhibition of new blood vessels formation) has become a strategy to inhibit cancer development. The aim of this experiment was to investigate antiangiogenic effect of Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr focusing on the decreasing of the number of macrophages and heterophils on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane. Nine-days-aged-eggs were divided into six groups (eight eggs each group). Group I (positive control) eggs were induced with bFGF+Tris HCl. Group II (negative control) eggs were treated with DMSO+Tris HCl. Group III (treatment I) eggs were induced with 60 ng bFGF and treated with ethanolic extract of G. procumbens leaves with the dose of 60 µg. The following treatment groups, i.e. group IV (treatment II), group V (treatment III), and group VI (treatment IV) were treated with increasing dose of extract, starting from 75 µg, 90 µg, and the last was 110 µg. Eggs were incubated until they reach the age of twelve days to observe macrophages, while to observe heterophils, eggs were incubated until the age of seventeen days. Based on haematoxylin-eosin staining, macrophages in the treatment groups were less than the control positive group (bFGF+Tris HCl), but based on giemsa staining, the effect of Gynura procumbens in decreasing the number of heterophils could not be observed because some blood smears. These analysis suggest that the ethanolic extract of Gynura procumbens leaves can perform as antiangiogenic agent decreasing the number of macrophages.Keywords: antiangiogenic, macrophages, heterophils, Gynura procumben

Kapasitasi Annona Squamosa (Sweetsop) Sebagai Imunostimulan Unggulan Berbasis Herbal Pada Ayam Pedaging Terhadap Infectious Bursal Disease (Infectious Like HIV)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kapasitasi potensi metabolit sekunder hasil ekstraksi etanol yang terdapat dalam daun Annona squamosa (sweetsop) sebagai imunotimulan yang unggul pada ayam khususnya ayam pedaging terhadap infectious bursal disease (IBD) (like HIV) sehingga memberikan alternatif obat antiviral yang lebih aman, murah dan mudah didapat pada lingkungan berbasis tanaman herbal di Indonesia. Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun Annona squamosa sebagai imunostimulan herbal unggul pada ayam pedaging yang terinfeksi IBD (like HIV) mempengaruhi profil titer antibodi terhadap IBD, jumlah leukosit dan diferensial leukosit (eosinofil, netrofil, monosit, limfosit), kadar SGPT dan SGOT (fungsi liver), kadar BUN dan kreatinin (fungsi ginjal), kadar glukosa, kadar total lipid. Penelitian menggunakan 40 ekor ayam pedaging berumur satu hari (DOC). Ayam percobaan adalah ayam pedaging yang diperoleh dari peternakan pembibitan "Multibreeder". Kandang percobaan yang digunakan adalah sistem multiple cages berukuran 20 x 15 x 10 cm, masing-masing unit terdiri atas satu ekor sehingga jumlah kandang seluruhnya 40 unit. Penghitungan jumlah leukosit dan diferensiasi leukosit dilakukan di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik FKH-Unair. Pemeriksaan antibodi IBD dengan metode ELISA dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Virologi FKH-Unair. Penelitian dimulai bulan Juni 2010 sampai dengan Oktober 2010. Dari hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pemberian A. squamosa pada ayam pedaging yang terinfeksi IBD (like HIV) memberikan pengaruh yang bermakna terutama terkait rata-rata leukosit, rata-rata neutrofil, rata-rata limfosit, rata-rata BUN, Rata-rata kreatinin, rata-rata SGPT dan rata-rata SGOT serta rata-rata hasil titer antibodi (p0,05). Oleh karena itu ekstrak etanol A. squamosa dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai antiviral terhadap infeksi gumboro (like HIV) karena disamping meningkatkan sistem imunitas juga tidak mengganggu fungsi ginjal maupun liver. Selain itu dapat digunakan sebagai penstabil kadar glukosa darah dan lipid total yang cenderung menurun pada kasus infeksi yang berat

NO ASSOCIATION OF RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS AGGRESSIVENESS AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 6 AND 11

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx among children as a result of HPV infection mainly type 6 and 11. RRP is still considered as serious problem since papilloma in the airway can cause hoarseness and obstruction which later described as aggressive and non aggressive types. Patients underwent multiple surgeries to keep airway patency and in order to communicate vocally. Previous studies reported that HPV-11 was associated with a more aggressive disease course. This study aim is to determine the association of RRP aggressiveness with HPV-6 and 11. Papilloma specimens were taken from patients who underwent surgical treatment of RRP patients and subjected HPV typing. All 17 patients with completed data and epidemiologic questionaires were defined for their staging to disease severity. Informations in the database were analyzed to identity statistically significant relationship with HPV type and knowing the HPV type is to predict the disease course. 17 patients RRP (12 males and 5 females) with age at onset 3,15 + 2,28 years and age at diagnosis 3,81 + 2,51 years. Surgery was performed 2,71 ± 1,16 times per year and 9 patients treated more than 3 surgeries per year. 10 patients had distal papilloma and 11 patients had tracheotomy. Agrressive disease was show found in 14 patients among 17 patients. HPV-11 was detected in 10 patients, HPV-6 was detected in 7 patients. According to the statisitcal analysis (Chi square test), there is no relationship between HPV type and disease aggressiveness. HPV-6 and 11 are not the only cause that affect the aggressiveness of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

Perbandingan Sekuen Nukleotid gZP3 terhadap sekuen Konsensus Nukleotid ZP3 Wanita dan Beberapa Spesies untuk Pengembangan Bahan Imunokontrasepsi

Pada Penelitian sebelumnya telah berhasil diidentifikasi dan di karakterisasi protein gZP3 sebagai reseptor spermatozoa pada zona pelusida kambing. Uji Imunisasi pada hewan coba menunjukkan bahwa gZP3 efektif menghasilkan antibodi gZP3, mencegah kebuntingan secara reversibel, serta tidak mempengaruhi profil hormon, siklus birahi dan siklus perkembangan ovarium.Berdasarkan hal hal tersebut diatas maka diadakan penelitian untuk membandingkan sekuen nukleotida gZP3 terhadap sekuen nukleotida ZP3 manusia (hZP3) dan ZP3 beberapa spesies, dengan maksud untuk menemukan epitop gZP3 yang homolog dengan hZP3 sebagai kandidat bahan imunokontrasepsi di masa mendatang

Variation of TTC Repeat Pattern in the Dna of Mycobacterium Leprae Isolates Obtained From Archeological Bones and Leprosy Patients From East Nusa Tenggara

The existence of leprosy or kusta or Morbus Hansen or Hansens disease has been known for years, including in Indonesia. Starting from the discovery of Mycobacterium leprae isolates from ancient bone (about 1.000 years B.C), the archaeological excavations results in East Nusa Tenggara, interesting questions arise about how the development of leprosy in eastern Indonesia is. Biology molecular study would become a powerful tool to investigate the presence of leprosy bacillary whether there are similarities between the genomes of M. leprae isolates in the primeval and the present. PCR examinations were performed on mandibular bone fragments from ancient human who lived 1000 years B.C. discovered in archaeological surveys on the island of Lembata and three leprosy patients from East Nusa Tenggara. The DNA extraction was performed using a kit from Qiagen products and its TTC repeating pattern was seen with the method of direct sequencing. It turned out that the TTC profile obtained from samples of archaeological was as many as 13 copies, while the repetition of TTC in three samples of leprosy patients were 15, 17 and 26 copies. The different number of TTC repetition shows the different isolates of M. leprae between in the ancient times and the present. Further studies are needed to verify the differences in the genome that occur, for example from the study of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms)