Plasma pharmacokinetics, faecal excretion and efficacy of pyrantel pamoate paste and granule formulations following per os administration in donkeys naturally infected with intestinal strongylidae

The plasma disposition, faecal excretion and efficacy of two formulations of pyrantel pamoate in donkeys were examined in a controlled trial. Three groups of seven donkeys received either no medication (control) or pyrantel paste or granule formulations at horse dosage of 20mg/kg B.W. (equals 6.94 mg/kg PYR base) of body weight. Heparinized blood and faecal samples were collected at various times between 1 and 144 h after treatment. The samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The last detectable plasma concentration (tmax) of paste formulation was significantly earlier (36.00 h) compared with granule formulation (46.29 h). Although, there was no significant difference on terminal half lives (t1/2: 12.39 h vs. 14.86 h), tmax (14.86 h vs. 14.00) and MRT (24.80 h vs. 25.44 h) values; the Cmax (0.09 ??g/ml) AUC (2.65 ??gh/ml) values of paste formulation were significantly lower and smaller compared with those of granule formulation (0.21 ??g/ml and 5.60 ??gh/ml), respectively. The highest dry faecal concentrations were 710.46 ??g/g and 537.21 ??g/g and were determined at 48 h for both paste and granule formulation of PYR in donkeys, respectively. Pre-treatment EPG of 1104, 1061 and 1139 were observed for the control, PYR paste and PYR granule groups, respectively. Pre-treatment EPG were not significantly different (P>0.1) between groups. Post-treatment EPG for both PYR treatment groups were significantly different (P95% efficacy) until day 28. In all studied donkeys, coprocultures performed at day-3 revealed the presence of Cyathostomes, S. vulgaris. Faecal cultures performed on different days from C-group confirmed the presence of the same genera. Coprocultures from treated animals revealed the presence of few larvae of Cyathostomes

Severity and progression rate of periodontitis are associated with an increased risk of hypertension of patients attending the university clinic

Peer reviewe

teachers' intercultural competence

As a response to the intercultural challenges of Geography Education, this study seeks to determine factors fostering intercultural competence of student teachers. Based on a one-week multicultural field excursion of eight German and eight Turkish students in Kayseri (Turkey) on Education for Sustainable Development, we used qualitative interviews to evaluate changes in the 16 student teachers' intercultural competence. Findings strongly indicate that multicultural fieldwork fosters intercultural learning on a personal level

Method for an Event-Driven System

Method for an event-driven system with an initial state and at least one state transition from a source state to a destination state and an input alphabet with at least one input symbol, wherein an input symbol from the input alphabet is associated with a state transition, which state transition represents the transition from a source state to a destination state when the input symbol associated with the state transition is received, wherein at least one state transition is associated with all input symbols not already associated with one of the other state transitions sharing the same source state

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development

This volume comprises the proceedings of the second Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development, AOSD 2003, held in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, March 17 - 21, 2003. The first AOSD conference was held in Enschede, The Netherlands, on April 22-26, 2002.Since the first successful AOSD conference, we have been observing an ever-growing interest in aspect-oriented technology. More and more researchers working in different disciplines of computer science discover the possible contributions of aspect technology in their domain of interest. There is increasing awareness by software practitioners that an important category of software problems is the result of crosscutting concerns, which are inherent in the design of many practical systems. New vendors are showing up in the market with their products supporting or using aspect-oriented technology. We are experiencing very exciting developments in the field of aspect-aspect-oriented computing.The AOSD 2003 technical program consists of 20 papers (selected from 70 submissions) and two invited keynote speakers. The program committee, consisting of 27 distinguished researchers, met at the University of Twente in The Netherlands during November 21 - 22, 2002 for the paper selection. All papers were reviewed by at least four members of the program committee, except program committee member papers, which were read by at least five reviewers. The accepted papers cover various topics such as software analysis and design, programming languages, program analysis, dynamic weaving techniques, systems, and tools.As for the invited speakers, we were very honored to be able to present the talks by Gregor Kiczales, a pioneer of aspect-oriented programming languages with his work on AspectJ; and Satoshi Matsuoka, who pioneered the work on separation of synchronization aspects about a decade ago. The conference also offers eight demonstrations and a session on practitioner reports. In addition, prior to the start of the main conference, there wasan exciting program of six workshops and nine tutorials

Impact of a community disaster awareness training program in Turkey: Does it influence hazard-related cognitions and preparedness behaviors

A community disaster training program focusing on earthquakes, floods and landslides was implemented in Cankiri, Turkey, in 2002. It covered mitigation, preparedness and response aspects of natural disaster management. Four thousand community members participated in the training program delivered by 95 local trainers. This study evaluated the impact of participation in this program. One year later, 400 randomly selected participants in the training program and a comparable sample of 400 community members who did not participate in any disaster training program (nonparticipants) were surveyed. Disaster-related cognitions (i.e., disaster expectation, worry about future disasters, loss estimations if a disaster occurs, beliefs in the possibility of mitigation and preparedness) and reported preparedness behaviors were assessed. The relationship of sociodemographic, previous disaster experience, anxiety and locus of control variables with disaster-related cognitions and behaviors was examined. Results showed that participants in the training program had more disaster expectation, worry and loss estimation and more preparedness behaviors. Results of regression analyses, examining the relationship of the variables of the study with disaster cognitions, affect and actual preparedness behaviors showed that gender, education, being a participant in the training program, anxiety and locus of control are important variables related to different kinds of disaster-related cognitions. However, reported preparedness behaviors were quite low and this result needs to be viewed with caution. These results have important implications for the modification of programs for targeting sustainable behavioral change, which is likely to reduce the impact of future disasters