EKONOMSKE NEJEDNAKOSTI I UTJECAJ PLAĆA NA DOHODOVNE NEJEDNAKOSTI U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

Reducing income inequality is an important development goal in every country since high inequality brings to social tensions and reduced effectiveness of the economic system. The efficiency of measures taken to reduce inequality presupposes a thorough knowledge of its causes and the factors that most influence the degree of inequality in a particular country. That is why the authors of this paper tried to establish to what extent the salaries - as one of the key sources of income - influence the income inequalities in the Republic of Croatia. Using their own analytical approach, based on the comparison of salary values and the standard of living in Croatian counties, the authors conclude that the salaries are not the key factor in income inequalities in the Republic of Croatia.U svim je zemljama smanjenje dohodovne nejednakosti značajni razvojni cilj, jer visoka nejednakost dovodi do socijalnih tenzija i smanjenja efikasnosti gospodarskog sustava. Efikasnost mjera za smanjenje nejednakosti pretpostavlja poznavanje njenih uzroka, odnosno čimbenika koji najviše utječu na stupanj nejednakosti u pojedinoj zemlji. Zbog toga su autorice u ovom radu pokušale utvrditi s kolikim intenzitetom plaće, kao jedan od ključnih izvora dohotka utječu na dohodovne nejednakosti u Republici Hrvatskoj. Služeći se vlastitim analitičkim pristupom temeljenim na usporedbi vrijednosti plaća i razine životnog standarda u hrvatskim županijama, autorice zaključuju da plaće nisu ključni čimbenik dohodovnih nejednakosti u Republici Hrvatskoj

Tendencije razvojnih nejednakosti hrvatskih županija

The research objective is to use the multi-criteria approach in order to analyse and establish the intensity of development disparties in Croatian counties since Croatia’s independence, as well as their development tendencies. According to the basic hypothesis, it is possible to use dynamics analysis and development characteristics of Croatian counties in the past 20 years in order to establish tendencies of regional disparities and the key regional development problems. The meta-analysis method was used in the research because there was a great variety of information. Former development of Croatian counties was analysed in the first step, measured by the range between the minimum and the maximum value of some of the previously used development indicators of Croatian counties. The extent of relative development disparities was established, as well as whether they had been increasing or reducing. The main result of the analysis is evaluation of tendencies and the present development level in individual counties, and the key reasons which had an impact on development. Measures for reduction of development disparities are proposed. A complex multi-criteria regional development analysis conducted in the research shows that, in the period between 1991 and 2009, eleven counties were developing, three were developing at a slower pace, one was stagnating, and six counties lagged behind in development, which is the basic conclusion of the research.Cilj istraživanja je višekriterijalnim pristupom istražiti i utvrditi intenzitet razvojnih nejednakosti u hrvatskim županijama te njihov razvojni smjer. Polazna hipoteza je da je moguće analizom dinamike i obilježja razvoja hrvatskih županija u proteklih 20 godina utvrditi tendencije regionalnih nejednakosti i ključne probleme regionalnog razvoja. U istraživanju, zbog većeg broja različitih podataka, primijenjena je metoda meta-analize. U prvom koraku analiziran je dosadašnji razvoj hrvatskih županija mjeren rasponom između najmanje i najveće vrijednosti nekih do sada korištenih pokazatelja razvijenosti hrvatskih županija. Utvrđeno je kolike su relativne razlike u njihovoj razvijenosti te jesu li se one smanjivale ili povećavale. Potom je analiziran njihov razvoj primjenom novih međunarodno prihvaćenih pokazatelja. Glavni rezultat analize je ocjena o kretanju i sadašnjoj razini razvijenosti pojedine županije te o ključnim uzrocima koji su na to utjecali. Slijedom toga predložene su mjere za smanjenje razlika u razvijenosti. Kompleksna višekriterijalna analiza regionalnog razvoja provedena u istraživanju, pokazala je da se u razdoblju 1991.-2009. godine 11 županija razvija, tri se razvijaju sa sporijim intenzitetom, jedna stagnira, a šest županija zaostaje u razvoju što je temeljni zaključak istraživanja

Prisustvo sojeva stafilokoka rezistentnih na meticilin kod studenata Fakulteta veterinarske medicine Univerziteta u Beogradu

Resistance to methicillin in staphylococci is considered to be one of the most dangerous forms of bacterial resistances to antibiotics. Methicillinresistant staphylococci (MRS) are zoonotic agents which cause local and systemic infections in humans and animals, often with a fatal outcome due to the absence of adequate antibiotic therapy. People colonized with strains of MRS are asymptomatic carriers and reservoirs of these strains in human populations. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of strains of MRS among clinically healthy students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Belgrade. The study was conducted on 100 volunteers: 62 males and 38 females. Given that staphylococci are expected to be found in the highest percentage in the nose and on the armpit skin, the swabs were taken from these regions of each person. Blood agar was innoculated immediately on taking the swabs After the incubation and isolation, the staphylococci were identified to species level. Their susceptibility to methicillin was tested in a disk-diffusion test with cefoxitin. All strains which were found to be resistant to cefoxitin were investigated for the presence of mecA gene with PCR. Staphylococci were isolated in 146 out of the 200 swabs taken: there were 79 nose swabs and 67 axillar swabs positive for these bacteria. Seventeen isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and the presence of the mecA gene was confirmed in seven, four of which were taken from the nose and three from the axillary region. The results of this research show that, being 6%, the prevalence of mecA-positive staphylococci in the population of clinically healthy students of veterinary medicine is significant. The percentage of methicillin-resistant staphylococci was higher in nose than in the axillar region of the students.Rezistencija na meticilin kod stafilokoka smatra se jednim od najopasnijih oblika rezistencije bakterija na antibiotike. Sojevi meticilin rezistentnih stafilokoka (MRS) pripadaju zoonotskim agensima i uzročnici su lokalnih i sistemskih infekcija kod ljudi i životinja, često sa fatalnim ishodom zbog nedostatka efikasne terapije. Ljudi kolonizovani sojevima MRS su asimptomatski nosioci i predstavljaju rezervoare ovih sojeva u humanoj populaciji. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi prevalencija izolata MRS kod klinički zdravih studenata Fakulteta veterinarske medicine u Beogradu. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 100 studenata - dobrovoljaca, 62 muškog i 38 ženskog pola. Brisevi su uzimani iz nosa i pazuha zato što su stafilokoke u najvećem procentu zastupljene u tim regijama. Brisevi su odmah zasejavani na krvni agar. Nakon inkubacije i izolacije, izvršena je identifikacija stafilokoka do vrste. Ispitivanje osetljivosti stafilokoka na meticilin izvedeno je primenom disk difuzione metode sa cefoksitinom. Svi sojevi rezistentni na cefoksitin ispitani su na prisustvo mecA gena metodom lančane reakcije polimeraze (PCR). Od ukupno 200 uzetih briseva izolovano je 146 izolata stafilokoka, 79 iz briseva nosa i 67 iz briseva pazušne regije. Kod 17 izolata ustanovljena je rezistencija na cefoksitin, a kod 7 je utvrđeno prisustvo mecA gena. Četiri mecA pozitivna izolata su poticala iz briseva nosa, a 3 sa kože pazušne regije. Utvrđena prevalencija meticilin-rezistentnih stafilokoka kod klinički zdravih studenata Fakulteta veterinarske medicine od 6%, procenjena je kao značajna. Veća učestalost stafilokoka rezistentnih na meticilin ustanovljena je na sluzokoži nosa u odnosu na kožu pazuha

The impact of economic policy on shipper businesses in coastal line maritime passenger transport in Croatia

Coastal line maritime passenger transport in the Republic of Croatia, as well as in other EU member states, is regulated through various regulations and legislation, which in turn result in numerous national laws and regulations that affect its development, all of which is legally binding for shippers. Scheduled maritime passenger transport is an extremely important form of transport for the Republic of Croatia since it is the only form of connection with the mainland for many islands. This paper analyses economic policy measures that affect the organization and implementation of coastal line maritime passenger transport. The paper also investigates the demand fluctuation for maritime passenger transport services. The aid measures provided by the state to individual sectors is also analysed, as well as aid for the provision of services of general economic interest. The aim of this paper is to assess the amount of aid granted to maritime transport and its importance, especially in coastal line maritime passenger transport. The paper also explains the importance of establishing the Coastal Liner Services Agency as a regulatory body of the Republic of Croatia, and it further analyses the subsidy amounts granted to shippers in the period from 2014 to 2020

Seaport cluster labour cost reduction – a modelling approach

The subject of this research are administrative processes related to a ship’s arrival to seaports, typically attributed to elevated levels of cost of labour required to complete the related administrative tasks. In the previous phases of the research, an average expected cost of the administrative labour cost in traditional seaport clusters in Croatia was identified and quantified on an hourly basis. This research continues in its aim by using the results of the previous research as a starting point, and proposes a reengineered simulation model of the administrative process. The main hypothesis is that the usage of such a new model will result in a measurable decrease of the required labour cost. The main hypothesis is confirmed by simulations and calculations of the labour cost reduction

Gender and profession in Arts: women string player performers graduated at music conservatories in Novi Sad, Banjaluka and Zagreb (1990–2014)

Danas je gotovo nepoznat podatak da na katedrama za gudačke instrumente na akademijama umetnosti u regionu od ukupnog broja diplomiranih kadrova većinu čine žene. Otuda je vredna istraživačke pažnje analiza procesa obrazovanja i profesionalnog delovanja u njihovim sredinama tog značajnog broja muzički visoko obrazovanih žena. Upoređivanjem podataka iz tri akademske sredine jugoslovenskog prostora dolazimo do značajnih zaključaka za istoriju ženskog muzičkog nasleđa u regionu na ovom prostoru i za metodiku rada sa budućim kadrovima. Cilj istraživanja je prikupljanje, selekcija i interpretacija podataka o životu diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima u Novom Sadu, Banjaluci i Zagrebu od osnivanja akademskih institucija do danas, kako bi se skrenula pažnja na pitanje konstruisanja identiteta izvođačica tokom i nakon visokog muzičkog obrazovanja. Hipoteza 1 je da značajan broj diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima doprinosi promeni svesti o važnosti rodnog identiteta u muzičkoj umetnosti u regionu. Hipoteza 2 je da povećan broj diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima ne doprinosi promeni svesti o važnosti rodnog identiteta u muzičkoj umetnosti u regionu. Hipoteza 3 je da je profesionalni identitet diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima nadređen svim drugim komponentama identiteta, uključujući i rodni. Korpus obuhvata diplomirane muzičarke gudačkih instrumenata sa Akademije umetnosti u Novom Sadu (20), u Zagrebu (4)i u Banjaluci (8). Analiza 13 komponenata identiteta (detinjstvo, školovanje, devedesete godine 20. veka, brak, deca, maternji jezik, zatim nacionalni, verski, profesionalni identiteti, zdravlje, članstvo u strukovnim udruženjima i političkim strankama, hobi). Rezultati pokazuju da je prva hipoteza samo delimično tačna, te da je treća hipoteza tačna za ukupan uzorak: sve muzičarke prednost daju profesionalnom identitetu od ranog detinjstva. Empirijski podaci ne potvrđuju stereotip da profesija muzičarke i braka, porodice i dece ne idu zajedno. Rezultati istraživanja su važni koliko za novo sačinjavanje istorije muzike i žena u toj oblasti toliko i za rodne studije, koje se staraju za afirmaciju žena u različitim profesijama u današnjem vremenu. Posebno rezultati treba da obogate nastavnu i metodičku praksu u domenu muzike na svim nivoima obrazovanja kod nas. Podaci iz ovog rada bi mogli (zapravo, morali) da postanu deo udžbeničke literature. Na ovo se nadovezuju i podaci do kojih je došlo ovo istraživanje, a koji svedoče o tome da je u svetu i u regionu jugoslovenskog prostora značajan broj žena doprinosio i još uvek, možda i više nego ikada ranije, doprinosi razvoju muzike i muzičke kulture.Today is almost unknown the fact that on the string department at the academies of arts in our region most of the graduated students are women. The analysis of this process is worth the research attention of education and professional activities of this, relatively significant number of graduated women string instrumentalists. By comparing data from three cultural backgrounds of ex-Yugoslav territory we come to significant conclusions for the history of women's musical heritage in the region in this area and the methodology of work with future personnel. The aim of the research is the collection, selection and interpretation of data about the life of graduated women performers on stringed instruments in Novi Sad, Banja Luka and Zagreb since the establishment of these academic institutions to present day, in order to draw attention to the issue of constructing identity of women performers during and after the higher music education. Hypothesis 1 is that a significant number of female music performance graduates on string instruments contributes to improving the awareness of the importance of gender identity in the music art in the region. Hypothesis 2 is that the increased number of female music performance graduates on string instruments does not contribute to improving the awareness of the importance of gender identity in the music art in the region. Hypothesis 3 that professional identity of the female music performance graduates on string instruments is superior to all other components of identity, including gender. The corpus includes female music performance graduates on string instruments from the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad (20), Zagreb (4) and Banja Luka (8). Analysis of the 13 components of identity (childhood, education, nineties of the 20th century, marriage, children, mother tongue, then national, religious, professional identities, health, membership in professional associations and political parties, hobbies). The results show that the first hypothesis is only partly true, and that the third hypothesis is true for the total sample: all the female musicians prefer the professional identity from early childhood. Empirical data do not confirm the stereotype that the profession of a female musician exclude marriage, family and children. The research results are as important as the new drafting history of music and women in this area so much and for gender studies, which are undertaken for the advancement of women in various professions in modern times. In particular, the results would enrich teaching and methodical practice in the field of music education at all levels in our country. Data from this study could (indeed, must) become a part of textbooks. In addition the data that occurred in this research testify to the fact that in the world and in the region Yugoslav territory a significant number of women contributed, and still, perhaps more than ever, contributes to the development of music and musical culture

Gender and profession in Arts: women string player performers graduated at music conservatories in Novi Sad, Banjaluka and Zagreb (1990–2014)

Danas je gotovo nepoznat podatak da na katedrama za gudačke instrumente na akademijama umetnosti u regionu od ukupnog broja diplomiranih kadrova većinu čine žene. Otuda je vredna istraživačke pažnje analiza procesa obrazovanja i profesionalnog delovanja u njihovim sredinama tog značajnog broja muzički visoko obrazovanih žena. Upoređivanjem podataka iz tri akademske sredine jugoslovenskog prostora dolazimo do značajnih zaključaka za istoriju ženskog muzičkog nasleđa u regionu na ovom prostoru i za metodiku rada sa budućim kadrovima. Cilj istraživanja je prikupljanje, selekcija i interpretacija podataka o životu diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima u Novom Sadu, Banjaluci i Zagrebu od osnivanja akademskih institucija do danas, kako bi se skrenula pažnja na pitanje konstruisanja identiteta izvođačica tokom i nakon visokog muzičkog obrazovanja. Hipoteza 1 je da značajan broj diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima doprinosi promeni svesti o važnosti rodnog identiteta u muzičkoj umetnosti u regionu. Hipoteza 2 je da povećan broj diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima ne doprinosi promeni svesti o važnosti rodnog identiteta u muzičkoj umetnosti u regionu. Hipoteza 3 je da je profesionalni identitet diplomiranih izvođačica na gudačkim instrumentima nadređen svim drugim komponentama identiteta, uključujući i rodni. Korpus obuhvata diplomirane muzičarke gudačkih instrumenata sa Akademije umetnosti u Novom Sadu (20), u Zagrebu (4)i u Banjaluci (8). Analiza 13 komponenata identiteta (detinjstvo, školovanje, devedesete godine 20. veka, brak, deca, maternji jezik, zatim nacionalni, verski, profesionalni identiteti, zdravlje, članstvo u strukovnim udruženjima i političkim strankama, hobi). Rezultati pokazuju da je prva hipoteza samo delimično tačna, te da je treća hipoteza tačna za ukupan uzorak: sve muzičarke prednost daju profesionalnom identitetu od ranog detinjstva. Empirijski podaci ne potvrđuju stereotip da profesija muzičarke i braka, porodice i dece ne idu zajedno. Rezultati istraživanja su važni koliko za novo sačinjavanje istorije muzike i žena u toj oblasti toliko i za rodne studije, koje se staraju za afirmaciju žena u različitim profesijama u današnjem vremenu. Posebno rezultati treba da obogate nastavnu i metodičku praksu u domenu muzike na svim nivoima obrazovanja kod nas. Podaci iz ovog rada bi mogli (zapravo, morali) da postanu deo udžbeničke literature. Na ovo se nadovezuju i podaci do kojih je došlo ovo istraživanje, a koji svedoče o tome da je u svetu i u regionu jugoslovenskog prostora značajan broj žena doprinosio i još uvek, možda i više nego ikada ranije, doprinosi razvoju muzike i muzičke kulture.Today is almost unknown the fact that on the string department at the academies of arts in our region most of the graduated students are women. The analysis of this process is worth the research attention of education and professional activities of this, relatively significant number of graduated women string instrumentalists. By comparing data from three cultural backgrounds of ex-Yugoslav territory we come to significant conclusions for the history of women's musical heritage in the region in this area and the methodology of work with future personnel. The aim of the research is the collection, selection and interpretation of data about the life of graduated women performers on stringed instruments in Novi Sad, Banja Luka and Zagreb since the establishment of these academic institutions to present day, in order to draw attention to the issue of constructing identity of women performers during and after the higher music education. Hypothesis 1 is that a significant number of female music performance graduates on string instruments contributes to improving the awareness of the importance of gender identity in the music art in the region. Hypothesis 2 is that the increased number of female music performance graduates on string instruments does not contribute to improving the awareness of the importance of gender identity in the music art in the region. Hypothesis 3 that professional identity of the female music performance graduates on string instruments is superior to all other components of identity, including gender. The corpus includes female music performance graduates on string instruments from the Academy of Arts in Novi Sad (20), Zagreb (4) and Banja Luka (8). Analysis of the 13 components of identity (childhood, education, nineties of the 20th century, marriage, children, mother tongue, then national, religious, professional identities, health, membership in professional associations and political parties, hobbies). The results show that the first hypothesis is only partly true, and that the third hypothesis is true for the total sample: all the female musicians prefer the professional identity from early childhood. Empirical data do not confirm the stereotype that the profession of a female musician exclude marriage, family and children. The research results are as important as the new drafting history of music and women in this area so much and for gender studies, which are undertaken for the advancement of women in various professions in modern times. In particular, the results would enrich teaching and methodical practice in the field of music education at all levels in our country. Data from this study could (indeed, must) become a part of textbooks. In addition the data that occurred in this research testify to the fact that in the world and in the region Yugoslav territory a significant number of women contributed, and still, perhaps more than ever, contributes to the development of music and musical culture

Study of antibiotics resistance in bacterial strains isolated from fish collected from different environments

U ovom ispitivanju vršeno je uzorkovanje briseva poreklom od klinički zdravih riba koje su poticale iz različitih sredina (ribnjaci, akvarijumi, riblje pijace). Izvršena je izolacija bakterija koje su sastavni deo mikrobioma kože, škrga i creva riba i ispitivana je osetljivost ovih bakterija na određeni broj antibiotika koji se koriste u veterinarskoj i humanoj medicinskoj praksi. Precizna identifikacija ispitivanih sojeva bakterija vršena je primenom metoda PCR, sekvenciranje gena za 16S rRNK, MALDI-TOF. Primenom disk difuzionog testa i E testa ispitivano je fenotipsko ispoljavanje rezistencije na karbapeneme, ureidopeniciline sa i bez inhibitora betalaktamaza, cefalospirine III i IV generacije, aminoglikozide, tetraciklin, kolistin, flurohinolone i hloramfenikol. Prisustvo gena rezistencije, njihova lokalizacija (na hromozomu ili na mobilnim genetičkim elementima) vršena je primenom metode PCR. Kod sojeva koji su ispoljili rezistenciju na nabrojane antibiotike traženi su plazmidi i ispitivana je konjugabilnost izolovanih plazmida. Posmatrano na ukupan broj ispitanih sojeva u ovom istraživanju, bez obzira na rod i vrstu bakterija, ukupno je nađeno 55% sojeva koji su bili osetljivi na sve antibiotike, kod 22,8% sojeva nađena je rezistencija na 3 do 16 antibiotika uključujući i antibiotike koji se koriste isključivo kod ljudi (karbapenemi, ureidopenicilini, cefalosporini III i IV generacije). Ukupno 22,2% sojeva bilo je rezistentno na 1 do 2 antibiotika, mada je i među tim sojevima bilo onih koji su bili rezistentni na antibiotike registrovane samo za upotrebu kod ljudi (ceftazidim, piperacilin). Kod soja A. hydrophila izolovanom iz akvarijumske ribice gupi potvrđen je mehanizam rezistencije nalazom gena rmtB koji je bio lokalizovan na transpozonu Tn1548 smeštenom na konjugabilnom plazmidu koji je po tipu replikona bio kategorisan u grupu IncL/M. Kod sojeva Pseudomonas koji su bili rezistentni na karbapeneme, ureidopeniciline sa i bez inhibitora betalaktamaza, kao i na cefalosporine III i IV generacije, nisu nađeni geni za, karbapenemaze, MßL, ESBL, OXA i AmpC beta-laktamaze (KPC, OXA-23, OXA- 24, OXA-40, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SPM, GIM, NDM, TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1, CTXM- 9, OXA-1, OXA-9, AmpC grupni kao i pojedinačni-MOXM, CITM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, DHAM).Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata primenom E testa, kod 3 soja iz roda Pseudomonas izolovanih od šarana nađena je rezistencija na kolistin sa dobijenim vrednostima MIK 4 μg/mL.During this research, a series of microbiological smears was collected from clinically healthy fish found in different environments (aquaculture ponds, aquariums, and fish markets) has been done. Bacteria which belong to skin microbiome, gills, and fish intestines have been isolated, and their sensitivity to several antibiotics used in veterinary and human practice has been tested. Precise identification of tested strains of bacteria has been performed with PCR method, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF. Phenotypical manifestation of resistance to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins (with and without inhibitors of beta-lactamase), cephalosporins of the third and fourth generation, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, colistin, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicol has been tested using disc diffusion method and E test. Presence of resistant genes, their localization (on chromosome or on mobile genetic elements) has been conducted with PCR method. For strains showing resistance to the antibiotics mentioned above, plasmids have been searched and conjugation of isolated plasmids has been tested. Observing the total number of tested strains in this research, regardless of the genus and species of bacteria, 55% of examined strains were found to be sensitive to all antibiotics, and in 22.8% of strains resistance was observed to 3-16 antibiotics, including antibiotics used exclusively in human medicine (carbapenems, ureidopenicillins, cephalosporins of third and fourth generation). In additional 22.2% of strains the resistance to 1 or 2 antibiotics was recorded, including resistance to antibiotics registered for exclusive use in human medicine (ceftazidime, piperacillin). In A. hydrophila strain isolated from aquarium fish guppy that showed resistance to all 16 antibiotics, a mechanism of resistance has been confirmed by identifying gene rmtB which has been localized on transposon Tn1548 located on conjugal plasmid which belongs to group IncL/M type of replicon. In Pseudomonas strains resistant to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins (with and without inhibitors of beta-lactamase), cephalosprins of third and fourth generation, the genes for carbapenemases MßL, ESBL, OXA and AmpC beta-laktamases (KPC, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-40, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SPM, GIM, NDM, TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, OXA-1, OXA-9, group AmpC and specific MOXM, CITM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, DHAM) have not been found. Based on results obtained with use of E test, resistence to colistin has been found in 3 strains of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from carp with MIC values of 4 μg/mL

Education, poverty and income inequality in the Republic of Croatia

Contemporary researches on economic inequality and poverty are pointing out that their key causes appear in the field of tax policy, workforce policy, policy of employment and more recently in education and educational quality of population.The authors are therefore examining the level and quality of education of Croatian population as one of the most important terms of poverty. In compliance with findings that submit theoretical and empirical evidence of their connection, they highlight education as the most important influential area of economic and social policy in purpose of long-term downsizing of poverty and economic inequality, as well as reaching the level of development of the most successful CEE and EU countries

Modeling of economically sustainable information security management systems in seaport clusters

The paper researches the usage of ARIS Express process modeling tool in creation of economically sustainable information security management system in seaport clusters. Basic concepts of information security in seaport cluster stakeholder’s organizations are detailed, and relations and interactions between organizations and their environment are researched. Portfolio approach to information security is being endorsed along with quantification of total levels of the risk and the resulting cost of information security. The authors identify two basic process paths of information security in seaport clusters: basic activities and supporting activities. Furthermore, main components of both are being researched in detail, along with their interactions that create a robust system of information security management in seaport clusters. Process flow of all activities is constructed by using business process model implementation of ARIS Express software