Occurrence of Banana bunchy top virus in banana and plantain (Musa sp.) in Benin

In July 2011, banana and plantain that displayed stunting and leaf symptoms typical of banana bunchy top disease were observed to be widespread in Dangbo Commune, Ouémé Department, Benin. To identify the cause of the disease, a roving survey was conducted in December 2011 in nine locations in Avrankou, Dangbo, Akpro-Missérété and Porto-Novo Communes, in Ouémé. In each location, the incidence of symptom-bearing plants was estimated from counts of 15 mats, and samples were collected for Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) assessment. Approximately 60% of the 94 banana mats assessed had plants exhibiting typical symptoms of BBTV infection - chlorotic leaf margins, dark green streaks on petioles, narrow leaves that bunched at the top, and severe stunting. Total DNA was extracted from 25 leaf samples collected from plants with symptoms; they were then tested for BBTV by polymerase chain reaction. The sequences showed 100% nucleotide sequence identity with a BBTV isolate from Cameroon (FJ580970) and 99-100% identity with several other BBTV isolates from the GenBank database belonging to the South Pacific group, which consisted of BBTV isolates from Africa, Australia, India and South Pacific. This finding confirmed that the virus isolate associated with the diseased plants in Benin was of the BBTV South Pacific type. This is thought to be the first report of BBTV in Benin. The disease is widespread in all the four communes surveyed

Семантичні зміни в лексичному складі російської та української мов

Использование вычислительной техники и радиоэлектроники способствовало формированию специальной группы лексических единиц. Номинация новых явлений и понятий является актуальной проблемой нынешнего этапа развития языка. Изменение семантического наполнения – это один из способов решения данной проблемы. Расширение или сужение семантического объема слов способствует обогащению лексической системы, а именно терминологии.Використання обчислювальної техніки та радіоелектроніки спричинило формування спеціальної групи лексичних одиниць. Номінація нових явищ та понять є актуальною проблемою теперішнього етапу розвитку мови. Зміна семантичного об'єму – це один із засобів вирішення даної проблеми. Звуження або розширення семантичного наповнення сприяє збагаченню лексичної системи, а саме термінології.Using of radio-electronic devices forced the formation of a special group of lexical units. The nomination of new processes and notions is an actual problem of today's language development. Semantic changes of existing units is one of the decisions of the problem. Widening and narrowing of semantic meanings promotes the enrichment of lexical system, especially the system of terminology

Effet de l’entrainement de type mixte sur le profil lipidique : Etude prospective sur 14 cas d’anciens basketteurs du Burundi

L’inactivité physique associée à une alimentation mal contrôlée constitue la source majeure du développement de l’obésité caractérisée le plus souvent par une accumulation excessive des graisses. L’objectif de notre étude a été d’évaluer l’effet de l’exercice physique sur les paramètres lipidiques et anthropométriques. Cette étude réalisée auprès de 14 anciens basketteurs a permis de conclure qu’un entrainement mixte entraîne une hausse du cholestérol de haute densité (HDL) et une baisse des triglycérides (TG) ainsi que du cholestérol de faible densité (LDL). Les paramètres anthropométriques ont également diminué à la fin des deux mois d’entraînement. Ces résultats montrent que l’exercice physique est un élément régulateur du profil lipidique et permet la modulation des paramètres anthropométriques associés à l’obésité.Mots clés : Obésité, TG, HDL cholestérol, LDL cholestérol, entraînement physique.ABSTRACTThe physical inactivity associated with a badly controlled food constitutes the major source of the development of the obesity generally characterized by an excessive accumulation of greases. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of the physical exercise on the lipidic and anthropometric parameters. This study carried out near 14 former basketball players made it possible to conclude that a mixed drive involves a rise of the cholesterol of high density (HDL) and a fall of triglycerides (TG) as well as cholesterol of weak density (LDL). The anthropometric parameters also decreased at the end of the two months of drive. These results show that the physical exercise is a regulating element of the lipidic profile and allows the modulation of the anthropometric parameters associated with obesity.Keywords: Obesity, TG, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, physical drive

T-/NK-cell frequencies and the occurrence of malaria during the first 12 months of life.

<p>T-/NK-cell frequencies and the occurrence of malaria during the first 12 months of life.</p

Multivariate (LMM) analyses of alterations in circulating T- and NK-cell subset frequencies in peripheral blood as a function of infants’ age and of <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> infection at delivery.

<p>Multivariate (LMM) analyses of alterations in circulating T- and NK-cell subset frequencies in peripheral blood as a function of infants’ age and of <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> infection at delivery.</p

Frequencies of cell subsets in infants' peripheral blood during the first year of life.

<p>Curves include dots representing mean with SEM (standard error of the mean). The statistical significance of differences indicated refers to analyses of variances for repeated measures. ***, p <0.001.</p

Characteristics of the study population (n = 158 mother/infant pairs).

<p>Characteristics of the study population (n = 158 mother/infant pairs).</p

Frequencies of cell subsets in infants' peripheral blood over time segregated on the basis of presence or absence of maternal infection at delivery.

<p>(white for negative and hatched for maternal infection). Curves include dots representing mean with SEM (standard error of the mean).</p