結晶化ガラス顆粒の臨床応用

This reports tha development of bioactive glass ceramic particles and evaluates their use inclinical applications. 1. The subjects of the evaluation were 13 impacted teeth, 17 intramaxillary cysts (not including radicular cysts), and 7 atrophic mandibular alveolar ridges. 2. The results were classified into effective, slightly effective, ineffective, and harmful, a very high proportion, 33 or 89.3%,were judged effective or slightly effective. 3. None were evaluated to be harmful, showing the safety of the present material. Among the ineffective cases there were open wounds due to infection, leakage of the supplied material, and fistulation. In cases where inflammation had not disappeared at the supply there were cases where the particles had to be completely removed due to infection, It was determined the that this was not due to the material, but possidly due to the surgical procedures, as there were no further complications in the tretment. 4. From the results reported here, the bioactive glass ceramic material here was found to be useful in the articial bone needed after atrophic mandibular alveolar ridge surgery

Demonstration of thermo-sensitive tetra-gel with implication for facile and versatile platform for a new class of smart gels

<p>A tertiary branched poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with controlled molecular weight, distribution and the end amino-functionalization (tetra-PNIPAAm-NH₂) was studied for the ability to form a gel via <i>in situ</i> chain-end reaction with a counterpart tertiary branched poly(ethyleneglycol) bearing N-hydroxysuccinimide end groups (tetra-PEG-NHS), a well-documented class of building block to yield the tetra-gel. Some of these polymers, both comparable and distinct (relative to the counterpart) extended chain length pairs, provided a self-standing and macroscopically homogeneous gel, which was capable of undergoing thermo-sensitive and reversible change in hydration in line with the nature of PNIPAAm. Phantom network model based calculation indicated that a half molar fraction of the polymer chains in the network remained unreacted, revealing further room for optimizing the reaction condition. Since such tetra-PNIPAAm based motif can be readily tailored to a variety of other physicochemical stimuli-responsive analogues, our finding may give important insight into a platform for ‘smart’ tetra-gels with exceptional mechanical properties and potentially highly controllable molecular cut-off capability.</p

Construction and Evaluation of a Dialog System Based on Mapping Sentence Meanings to the Dialog Context

先行研究において,我々は,入力文の表層の依存構造に依らずに,意味内容の比較・参照を可能にする意味表現方式及び意味の位置付けに基づく意味解釈手法を提案してきた.本研究の目的は,我々が提案してきた意味表現方式,意味解釈手法を用いた対話システムを構築し,対話データによってシステムを評価することで,この意味表現方式及び意味解釈手法の有用性を確かめることである.自然言語では,同一の意味を伝える際にも様々な表現を用いることができるため,対話システムが受理しなければならない表現は非常に多様なものになってしまう.しかし,従来開発されてきた意味表現では,異なる依存構造を持つ同義文が入力された場合に,異なる意味表現が生成されるため,このような意味表現間で意味内容の比較・参照を行おうとすると,意味表現同士を比較するための個別の規則が必要になる.このような規則は,意味表現の組み合わせごとに必要になるため,予めこれを用意しておくことは現実的ではない.我々が提案してきた意味表現方式及び意味解釈手法では,表層表現に対応する個別の規則を用意する必要がない.本論文では,この意味表現方式及び意味解釈手法を用いて,浜松市周辺のホテル検索・観光名所検索を主タスクとする対話システムを構築し,その評価を行った.評価実験では,Wizard of Oz法によって収集したホテル検索・観光名所検索を主タスクとする対話データを用いて,構築したシステムが適切な応答を返すことができるかどうかを調査した.また,提案した意味解釈手法の一部を用いない場合に,同様に適切な応答が可能かどうかについても調査した.これにより,本論文で構築した対話システムが適切に応答可能であること,更に,それが我々の提案した意味解釈手法に基づく効果であることを確認した.\r\n\r\nA natural language dialogue system should correctly interpret input sentences from the users and extract information essential for proper response. Since a variety of surface dependency structures may carry the same meaning, a natural language dialog system should be able to interpret such variety of expressions. Traditional semantic representations, however, take over the variety of surface dependency structures without interpreting them. Consequently, we cannot compare semantic expressions with different dependency structure. In addition, it is practically impossible to prepare interpreting rules particular to each possible input. In our previous studies, we proposed a framework for semantic representations which circumvents the problem. The framework enables us to compare semantic representations with different dependency structures without employing structure-specific rules. In this paper, we describe how to interpret a clause based on its semantic representation and show that the interpreting processes are applicable to the interpretation of multiple clauses and/or multiple sentences. We have constructed a dialogue system based on this framework and evaluated the system. As a result, we have confirmed that the system can make proper response and that the framework gives the system capacity to make proper response, as desired