109 research outputs found

    DIPL 3104 Public International Law

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    International law distributes power, resources, and rights to individuals, states, corporations, and other entities. International courts adjudicate key ethical questions such as the expression of religion in public, the rights of groups, or the duty to prosecute or to amnesty heinous violations. States use international law as a justification both for military intervention and for the refusal to intervene. Refugees fleeing war zones encounter international law when they cross borders, enter camps, plead for citizenship, search for food and water, or claim basic rights. Whether considering the international order from the perspective of the most or the least powerful people or groups, comprehending it requires understanding the power, limitations, and functions of international law

    Thermodynamic plant optimization for the production of carbon acid as an element of trigenerating turbo unit on the organic Renkin cycle

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    Произведен эксергетический анализ установки по производству жидкой и газообразной углекислоты с возможностью получения холода в схеме тригенерации. Представлен цикл в P–h-координатах данной установки. Построена диаграмма Грассмана–Шаргута установки по производству углекислоты. Выявлено, что при помощи дополнительного элемента в виде внешнего источника охлаждения (системы оборотного водоснабжения с градирней либо холодной воды, поступающей на объект из поверхностных или подземных источников) можно значительно снизить расход рабочего тела в установке и, как следствие – потери в цикле. Построенные диаграммы Грассмана–Шаргута первоначальной и измененной схем установок показали, что данное мероприятие позволяет снизить затраты эксергии на привод компрессора до 2,97 %.The exergy analysis of the installation for the production of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide has been done with the possibility of obtaining a cold in the trigeneration scheme. The cycle in P–h-coordinates of the given setup is presented. The Grassmann–Shargut diagram of the installation for the production of carbon dioxide was constructed. It was revealed that with the help of an additional element in the form of an external cooling source (a circulating water supply system with a cooling tower, or cold water supplied to the object from surface or underground sources), it is possible to significantly reduce the consumption of the working fluid in the installation and, as a consequence, losses in the cycle. The designed Grassmann–Shargut diagrams of the initial and modified plant diagrams showed that this measure allows reducing the exergy costs for the compressor drive to 2.97%

    Evolvable Production Systems: Demand Responsive Planning

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    Dynamic and unforeseeable characteristic of the current market and production environment is not feasible to be met through pre-set parameters being dependent on the predictions. Handling this matter requires to keep focus on production system adaptability. Evolvable Production System has achieved fully system reconfigurability through process oriented modularity and multi agent based distributed control system architecture. One of the essential enhancements provided by EPS on the shop floor is achieving minimized/eliminated system setup time in response to changing product requirements. Manufacturing planning and control system, on the other hand, follows hierarchical principles which are quite much reliant on the predicted information so to structure production and planning environment on it. Production system limitations, such as lack of adaptability in response to changing conditions, are in fact influencing the planning system to be structured on the predictions. The enhancements which are ensured by the architecture of EPS enable to relax the constraints on planning system which are imposed by the limitations of production system. These enhancements have an effect at different levels in the planning hierarchy. On the light of these improvements, the planning framework as it is used so far in the industry becomes invalid and this arise a requirement for planning system structure to be designed according to a fully reconfigurable system to be able to benefit such a production system by all means. This thesis targets to enlighten the relation between the production system characteristics and planning system structure by emphasizing the planning problems and proposing a planning reference architecture solution to be able achieve a responsive planning framework.QC 20140916</p

    Demand Responsive Planning : A dynamic and responsive planning framework based on workload control theory for cyber-physical production systems

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    Recent developments in the area of Cyber-Physical Production Systems prove that high technology readiness level is already achieved and industrialization of such technologies is not far from today. Although these technologies seem to be convenient in providing solutions to environmental uncertainties, their application provides adaptability only at shop floor level. Needless to say, an enterprise cannot reach true adaptability without ensuring adaptation skills at every level in its hierarchy. Commonly used production planning and control approaches in industry today inherit from planning solutions which are developed in response to historical market characteristics. However, market tendency in recent years is towards making personalized products a norm. The emerging complexity out of this trend obliges planning systems to a transition from non-recurring, static planning into continuous re-planning and re-configuration of systems. Therefore, there is a need of responsive planning solutions which are integrated to highly adaptable production system characteristics. In this dissertation, Demand Responsive Planning, DRP, is presented which is a planning framework aiming to respond to planning needs of shifting trends in both production system technologies and market conditions. The DRP is based on three main constructs such as dynamicity, responsiveness and use of precise data. These features set up the foundation of accomplishing a high degree of adaptability in planning activities. By this means, problems from an extensive scope can be handled with a responsive behavior (i.e. frequent re-planning) by the use of precise data. The use of precise data implies to execute planning activities subject to actual demand information and real-time shop floor data. Within the context of the DRP, both a continuous workload control method and a dynamic capacity adjustment approach are developed. A test-bed is coded in order to simulate proposed method based on a system emulation reflecting the characteristics of cyber-physical production systems at shop floor level. Continuous Precise Workload Control, CPWLC, method is a novel approach aiming at precise control of workload levels with the use of direct load graphs. Supported by a multi-agent platform, it generates dynamic non-periodic release decisions exploiting real time shop floor information. As a result, improved shop floor performances are achieved through controlling workload levels precisely by the release of appropriate job types at the right time. Presented dynamic capacity adjustment approach utilizes rapid re-configuration capability of cyber-physical systems in achieving more frequent capacity adjustments. Its implementation architecture is integrated to the CPWLC structure. By this means, a holistic approach is realized whereby improved due date performance is accomplished with minimized shop floor congestion. Hence, sensitivity to changing demand patterns and urgent job completions is improved.QC 20150907</p

    Demand Responsive Planning : A dynamic and responsive planning framework based on workload control theory for cyber-physical production systems

    No full text
    Recent developments in the area of Cyber-Physical Production Systems prove that high technology readiness level is already achieved and industrialization of such technologies is not far from today. Although these technologies seem to be convenient in providing solutions to environmental uncertainties, their application provides adaptability only at shop floor level. Needless to say, an enterprise cannot reach true adaptability without ensuring adaptation skills at every level in its hierarchy. Commonly used production planning and control approaches in industry today inherit from planning solutions which are developed in response to historical market characteristics. However, market tendency in recent years is towards making personalized products a norm. The emerging complexity out of this trend obliges planning systems to a transition from non-recurring, static planning into continuous re-planning and re-configuration of systems. Therefore, there is a need of responsive planning solutions which are integrated to highly adaptable production system characteristics. In this dissertation, Demand Responsive Planning, DRP, is presented which is a planning framework aiming to respond to planning needs of shifting trends in both production system technologies and market conditions. The DRP is based on three main constructs such as dynamicity, responsiveness and use of precise data. These features set up the foundation of accomplishing a high degree of adaptability in planning activities. By this means, problems from an extensive scope can be handled with a responsive behavior (i.e. frequent re-planning) by the use of precise data. The use of precise data implies to execute planning activities subject to actual demand information and real-time shop floor data. Within the context of the DRP, both a continuous workload control method and a dynamic capacity adjustment approach are developed. A test-bed is coded in order to simulate proposed method based on a system emulation reflecting the characteristics of cyber-physical production systems at shop floor level. Continuous Precise Workload Control, CPWLC, method is a novel approach aiming at precise control of workload levels with the use of direct load graphs. Supported by a multi-agent platform, it generates dynamic non-periodic release decisions exploiting real time shop floor information. As a result, improved shop floor performances are achieved through controlling workload levels precisely by the release of appropriate job types at the right time. Presented dynamic capacity adjustment approach utilizes rapid re-configuration capability of cyber-physical systems in achieving more frequent capacity adjustments. Its implementation architecture is integrated to the CPWLC structure. By this means, a holistic approach is realized whereby improved due date performance is accomplished with minimized shop floor congestion. Hence, sensitivity to changing demand patterns and urgent job completions is improved.QC 20150907</p

    The child's best interest in complex custody disputes : A qualitative interview study from family law workers perspective

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    The aim of this study was to investigate how family law caseworkers in Sweden handle the mediation process in child custody disputes. Three themes were emphasized: the child’s best interest, strategies to maintain the child’s best interest and family conflicts and high-conflict families. To get an understanding of how these themes relate to child custody disputes, I conducted semi-structured interviews with family law caseworkers, since working with custody cases is part of their daily work. I chose a qualitative method because I was striving for diverse and comprehensive responses about family caseworkers’ practical experience in dealing with custody disputes. When asked about the definition of the child’s best interest, all respondents agreed that it is an open concept, implying that the definition depends on the specific circumstances surrounding the case. Generally, the respondents were of the opinion that the child’s best interest is synonymous with joint custody. The respondents stated that they employ different strategies to ensure that the child’s best interest is maintained, which is a result of their relatively high discretion. They stressed that while their primary focus is on dialogue with the parents, they use child testimonies as an additional guidance when determining what constitutes the child’s best in the case at hand. However, they also pointed out that a child’s wishes do not always coincide with the child’s best interest. When it comes to high-conflict families, the respondents concluded that the term has not been established in practice, although the problems associated with such families were recognized. After I presented the formal definition outlined in American research, the respondents agreed that the definition is useful in practice

    Effects of NMDA receptor blockade during the early development period on the retest performance of adult wistar rats in the elevated plus maze

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    PubMedID: 23619560The elevated plus maze (EPM) is an animal model of anxiety used to test the effects of anxioselective drugs. The loss of the anxiolytic effect of drugs during the second exposure to the EPM is called the "one trial tolerance" (OTT) phenomenon. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the OTT phenomenon and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade in the early developmental period of rats. NMDA receptor blockade was accomplished using MK-801 treatment given between postnatal days 20-30. Beginning on postnatal day 20, the rats were subcutaneously injected with MK-801 twice a day at the nape of the neck for a period of 10 days (0.25 mg/kg). Increased open arm exploration was observed in MK-801-treated rats during trial 1 (p = 0.001) and trial 2 (p = 0.003). The rats spent less time in the closed arms as compared to the saline animals in trial 1 (p = 0.006), and this time decreased further in trial 2 (p = 0.02). The fecal boli of the MK-801 group was decreased in trial 1 as compared to the saline group (p = 0.01), but was not significantly different in trial 2 (p = 0.08). In conclusion, NMDA receptor blockade using MK-801 produced an anxiolytic-like effect in trials 1 and 2. Furthermore, OTT was not affected by NMDA receptor blockade. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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