Salsa20 based lightweight security scheme for smart meter communication in smart grid

The traditional power gird is altering dramatically to a smart power grid with the escalating development of information and communication technology (ICT). Among thousands of electronic devices connected to the grid through communication network, smart meter (SM) is the core networking device. The consolidation of ICT to the electronic devices centered on SM open loophole for the adversaries to launch cyber-attack. Therefore, for protecting the network from the adversaries it is required to design lightweight security mechanism for SM, as conventional cryptography schemes poses extensive computational cost, processing delay and overhead which is not suitable to be used in SM. In this paper, we have proposed a security mechanism consolidating elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and Salsa20 stream cipher algorithm to ensure security of the network as well as addressing the problem of energy efficiency and lightweight security solution. We have numerically analyzed the performance of our proposed scheme in case of energy efficiency and processing time which reveals that the suggested mechanism is suitable to be used in SM as it consumes less power and requires less processing time to encrypt or decrypt

Modulation of the cell membrane expression of the kininogens regulates the rate of bradykinin delivery to cells

The kininogens were first recognized as the parent molecules for bradykinin. Their relative physiologic importance in plasma hemostasis and fibrinolysis and tissue cysteine protease inhibition has not been clarifed. Recent studies on the structure and function of the plasma kininogens, their interaction with cells of the intravascular compartment, and clinical investigations on contact system activation have refocused the physiologic importance of these proteins to kinin delivery for the maintance of vasodilatory tone. Kininogen expression on platelets slows the rate of kinin liberation, and kinins upregulate kininogen expression on endothelial cells. Regulation of kinin delivery by influencing kininogen expression may provide for new agents to manipulate blood pressure.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30063/1/0000433.pd

Effects of defoliation on Quercus robur (L.)

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Advances in word recognition for data networks.

Advances in word recognition for data networks

Influence of Various Plant Spacing on Plant Population and Yields of Cotton (Gossypium Arboreum L.)

To boost output and lower cotton input costs, a narrow plant spacing production system has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional method. However, more examination through into performance of this production system in various parts of the world's cotton belt may be essential. The field experiment was conducted at Hill Cotton Research Station, Balaghata, Bandarban, Bangladesh during 2020-21 growing season to study the performance of SR 27 Cotton line (Gossypium arboreum L.) beneath numerous plants spacing. The treatments consisted of four plant spacings viz. 90cm × 45cm, 90cm × 30cm, 90cm × 15cm, 90cm × 10cm. The experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design and repeated 3 times. The highest seed cotton yield (2705kg/ha) and plant number (68107) per hectare, were recorded with spacing of 90cm × 10cm which was significantly(p<0.01) more than 90cm × 45cm, 90cm × 30cm and 90cm ×15cm. But, other parameters like plant height (cm), node number of first fruiting branch (NFB), number of monopodial branches/plant, number of sympodial branch/plant, number of bolls/plant and single boll weight (gm) were statistically non-significant but they play a role in yield. So that, narrow (90cm × 10cm) plant spacing is better than others wider plant spacing for getting maximal seed cotton yield and plant population play a key factor to minimize yield losses

Complementation in Cells Cotransfected with a Mixture of Wild-Type and Mutant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Influences the Replication Capacities and Phenotypes of Mutant Variants in a Single-Cycle HIV Resistance Assay

The impact of cotransfection of mixtures of mutant and wild type (WT) virus on the observed phenotype and replication capacity (RC) in a single-cycle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) phenotypic assay has been investigated by cotransfecting mutant HIV clones expressing the firefly luciferase expression gene with a WT clone expressing Renilla luciferase. Four mutant constructs with different genotypes displayed <1% RC when transfected alone. Cotransfection of as little as 9% of the WT clone resulted in an 18- to 33-fold increase in the RC of the mutant clones. In addition, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of lopinavir against seven mutant clones decreased by up to 97% after incremental cotransfection of 9 to 50% of the WT clone. The enhancement of RC and decrease in IC(50) for mutant variants following cotransfection with the WT variant appear to be due to complementation rather than genetic recombination. These findings suggest that the RC and susceptibility of plasma isolates from patients who are off therapy or not adherent to treatment, in which WT virus may expand to significant levels, should be interpreted with caution

Effects of glycyrrhizin, stevioside, and sucralose on the growth and metabolism of the omnipresent gut commensal Escherichia coli

The rise in popularity of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) among obese and diabetic patients is due to their ability to provide a sweet taste without any caloric input. However, NCS consumption may be linked to metabolic disorders. The mechanisms behind these adverse effects are still unclear, which suggests that NCS may alter the metabolic activity of the gut ICLE microbiome, leading to enteric environmental perturbation and resulting in physiological anomalies in the host. This study investigates how Escherichia coli, a common gut microbe, reacts to three NCS, two of which come from nature (glycyrrhizin and stevioside) and one that is made artificially (sucralose). To assess the impact of these NCS, this study investigated the growth, gene expression, and metabolic pathways of E. coli under different sweetener loads. Compared to the untreated control, low amounts of glycyrrhizin made E. coli grow faster, while similar amounts of sucralose and stevioside had no or a less noticeable effect. At higher concentrations, these sweeteners slowed down or inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Thus, NCS may have dose-dependent impacts on gut microbes. After treatment with amounts that corresponded to the acceptable daily intake, the expression of key metabolic genes showed altered expression, which may potentially affect their metabolism. At different concentrations of the NCS, there were clear differences in the global metabolomic profile between the control and the different NCS treatments. Under in vitro conditions, glycyrrhizin and sucralose appeared to have a less divergent impact on E. coli growth, gene expression, and metabolism, which may suggest that these are relatively safer sugar substitutes for humans