Is attentional prioritisation of infant faces unique in humans?: Comparative demonstrations by modified dot-probe task in monkeys.

Humans innately perceive infantile features as cute. The ethologist Konrad Lorenz proposed that the infantile features of mammals and birds, known as the baby schema (kindchenschema), motivate caretaking behaviour. As biologically relevant stimuli, newborns are likely to be processed specially in terms of visual attention, perception, and cognition. Recent demonstrations on human participants have shown visual attentional prioritisation to newborn faces (i.e., newborn faces capture visual attention). Although characteristics equivalent to those found in the faces of human infants are found in nonhuman primates, attentional capture by newborn faces has not been tested in nonhuman primates. We examined whether conspecific newborn faces captured the visual attention of two Japanese monkeys using a target-detection task based on dot-probe tasks commonly used in human visual attention studies. Although visual cues enhanced target detection in subject monkeys, our results, unlike those for humans, showed no evidence of an attentional prioritisation for newborn faces by monkeys. Our demonstrations showed the validity of dot-probe task for visual attention studies in monkeys and propose a novel approach to bridge the gap between human and nonhuman primate social cognition research. This suggests that attentional capture by newborn faces is not common to macaques, but it is unclear if nursing experiences influence their perception and recognition of infantile appraisal stimuli. We need additional comparative studies to reveal the evolutionary origins of baby-schema perception and recognition

Changes in sodium appetite evoked by lesions of the commissural nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Ablation of the area postrema/caudal nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) complex increases sodium intake, but the effect of selective lesions of the caudal NTS is not known. We measured depletion-induced sodium intake in rats with electrolytic lesions of the commissural NTS that spared the area postrema. One day after the lesion, rats were depleted of sodium with furosemide (10 mg/kg body weight, sc) and then had access to water and a sodium-deficient diet for 24 h when 1.8% NaCl was offered. Water and saline intakes were measured for 2 h. Saline intake was higher in lesioned than in sham-lesioned rats (mean ± SEM: 20 ± 2 vs 11 ± 3 mL/2 h, P < 0.05, N = 6-7). Saline intake remained elevated in lesioned rats when the tests were repeated 6 and 14 days after the lesion, and water intake in these two tests was increased as well. Water intake seemed to be secondary to saline intake both in lesioned and in sham-lesioned rats. A second group of rats was offered 10% sucrose for 2 h/day before and 2, 7, and 15 days after lesion. Sucrose intake in lesioned rats was higher than in sham-lesioned rats only 7 days after lesioning. A possible explanation for the increased saline intake in rats with commissural NTS lesions could be a reduced gastrointestinal feedback inhibition. The commissural NTS is probably part of a pathway for inhibitory control of sodium intake that also involves the area postrema and the parabrachial nucleus.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de FisiologiaFaculdade de Medicina do ABC Departamento de FisiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de FisiologiaSciEL

A afetividade no processo ensino-aprendizagem

Monografia (especialização)—Universidade de Brasília, Ministério da Educação, Centro de Estudos Avançados Multidisciplinares, Centro de Formação Continuada de Professores, Secretaria de Educação do Distrito Federal, Escola de Aperfeiçoamento de Profissionais da Educação, Curso de Especialização em Coordenação Pedagógica, 2013.A afetividade pode ser analisada sobre vários prismas e diversos agentes. Essa pesquisa utilizou o termo sob a ótica de professores e alunos e as experiências vivenciadas nas salas de aula em uma escola de ensino médio localizado na periferia do Distrito Federal, bem como a teoria de Wallon (1978) e outros estudiosos. A afetividade é considerada importante no âmbito educacional, portanto, investigou-se quais as relações e implicações diretas entre afeto e cognição, como trabalham professores com a afetividade em sala de aula e como respondem os alunos a esse tratamento. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa com o estudo de caso. O público envolvido de professores de áreas de conhecimento diferentes puderam ser entrevistados e observados durante as aulas assim como foram escolhidos alunos do ensino médio de turmas e séries diferentes para participarem de um questionário elaborado que previu perguntas subjetivas e objetivas sobre o tema. Afim de comprovar o que haviam respondido professores e alunos foi realizada a observação de algumas aulas. Utilizando diversas ferramentas de investigação para o estudo de caso, puderam ser comprovados alguns questionamentos apontados para a delimitação do problema bem como foram alcançados os objetivos propostos

Percepción del profesional en Tecnología Médica - Radiología sobre el Código de Ética y Deontología del Colegio Tecnólogo Médico del Perú, Clínica SANNA– sede San Borja, año 2020

Determina la percepción del profesional en Tecnología Médica - Radiología sobre el Código de Ética y Deontología del Colegio Tecnólogo Médico del Perú, Clínica SANNA– Sede San Borja, año 2020. El enfoque del estudio fue cualitativo, transversal, de diseño descriptivo, no experimental y prospectivo. Es por ello por lo que se utilizará la técnica de entrevista de tipo estructurada. Los profesionales de Tecnología Médica - Radiología que participaron de la entrevista perciben al Código de Ética y Deontología como una norma que regulan el comportamiento y conocen su contenido relacionado a los objetivos específicos como el cumplimento, del trabajo diario, en el ambiente laboral y de la docencia e investigación. Se concluye que es importante que se perciba de manera correcta y responsable el Código de Ética y Deontología ya que cumple un rol fundamental dentro de la profesión, debido a que al conocer el Código de Ética podemos garantizar su aplicación en la labor profesional

Percepción del profesional en Tecnología Médica - Radiología sobre el Código de Ética y Deontología del Colegio Tecnólogo Médico del Perú, año 2020

Determina la percepción del profesional en Tecnología Médica - Radiología sobre el Código de Ética y Deontología del Colegio Tecnólogo Médico del Perú, año 2020. El enfoque del estudio es de tipo cualitativo, de tipo documental, nivel básico y de diseño descriptivo. Se utilizará la técnica de revisión documental. Según los estudios revisados de los diferentes profesionales de la salud sobre el Código de Ética y Deontología, se obtuvieron buenos resultados con respecto al ejercicio y secreto profesional, incluyendo que se obtuvo una buena cantidad de respuestas correctas sobre las relaciones profesionales, que se obtuvieron de sus respectivos cuestionarios. Sin embargo, existe un conocimiento de regular a bajo con respecto a la docencia e investigación.Perú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado. Programa de Promoción de Trabajo de Investigación para optar el Grado de Bachiller. A20010280c – PTPBACHILLER

Formação docente: Discussão internacional e a atualidade das ideias de Anísio Teixeira

The article aims to present the main international discussions on teacher training, as well as to rescue the ideas of the great Brazilian educator Anísio Teixeira, who was a visionary for his time as he addressed important topics about education and teacher training. Anísio Teixeira's innovative ideas, even though they have not always been put into practice, remain current and meet international initiatives that have been successful in the educational field, focusing mainly on teacher training.El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar las principales discusiones internacionales sobre la formación docente, así como rescatar las ideas del gran educador brasileño Anísio Teixeira, quien fue un visionario para su época al abordar aspectos importantes de la educación y formación del profesorado. Las ideas innovadoras de Anísio Teixeira, no siempre puesta en práctica, sigue siendo actual y satisface las necesidades de&nbsp; iniciativas internacionales que han tenido éxito en el campo educativo, centrándose en principalmente en la formación de profesores.O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais discussões internacionais sobre formação docente, bem como resgatar as ideias do grande educador brasileiro Anísio Teixeira, que foi um visionário para sua época abordando temas importantes sobre educação e formação docente. As ideias inovadoras de Anísio Teixeira, nem sempre colocadas em prática, continuam atuais e vão ao encontro das iniciativas internacionais que obtiveram êxito no âmbito educacional, focando principalmente na formação docente. &nbsp

Formação docente

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as principais discussões internacionais sobre formação docente, bem como resgatar as ideias do grande educador brasileiro Anísio Teixeira, que foi um visionário para sua época abordando temas importantes sobre educação e formação docente. As ideias inovadoras de Anísio Teixeira, nem sempre colocadas em prática, continuam atuais e vão ao encontro das iniciativas internacionais que obtiveram êxito no âmbito educacional, focando principalmente na formação docente.

Role of pressor mechanisms from the NTS and CVLM in control of arterial pressure

In the present study, we investigated the effects of inhibition of the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) with the GABA(A) agonist muscimol combined with the blockade of glutamatergic mechanism in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) with kynurenic acid (kyn) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and regional vascular resistances. in male Holtzman rats anesthetized intravenously with urethane/chloralose, bilateral injections of muscimol (120 pmol) into the CVLM or bilateral injections of kyn (2.7 nmol) into the NTS alone increased MAP to 186 +/- 11 and to 142 +/- 6 mmHg, respectively, vs. control: 105 +/- 4 mmHg; HR to 407 +/- 15 and to 412 +/- 18 beats per minute (bpm), respectively, vs. control: 352 +/- 12 bpm; and renal, mesenteric and hindquarter vascular resistances. However, in rats with the CVLM bilaterally blocked by muscimol, additional injections of kyn into the NTS reduced MAP to 88 +/- 5 mmHg and mesenteric and hindquarter vascular resistances below control baseline levels. Moreover, in rats with the glutamatergic mechanisms of the NTS blocked by bilateral injections of kyn, additional injections of muscimol into the CVLM also reduced MAP to 92 +/- 2 mmHg and mesenteric and hindquarter vascular resistances below control baseline levels. Simultaneous blockade of NTS and CVLM did not modify the increase in HR but also abolished the increase in renal vascular resistance produced by each treatment alone. the results suggest that important pressor mechanisms arise from the NTS and CVLM to control vascular resistance and arterial pressure under the conditions of the present study.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, EPM, São Paulo, BrazilUNESP, Fac Odontol, Dept Physiol & Pathol, Araraquara, BrazilABC, Fac Med, Dept Physiol, Santo Andre, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Physiol, EPM, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Management of Lacerated and Swollen Tongue after Convulsive Seizure with a Mouth Protector: Interprofessional Collaboration Including Dentists in Intensive Care

We encountered a 74-year-old male patient with tongue laceration after convulsive seizures under intensive care. The tongue showed severe swelling, and the right ventral surface had been lacerated by his isolated and pointed right lower canine. Our university hospital has established a perioperative management center, and is promoting interprofessional collaboration, including dentists, in perioperative management. Dentists collaborating in the perioperative management center took dental impressions, with the support of anesthesiologists who opened the patientʼs jaw under propofol sedation, to produce a mouth protector. By raising the patientʼs bite, the completed mouth protector prevented the isolated tooth from contacting the tongue and protected the lacerated wound. Use of the mouth protector prevented the lacerated tongue from coming into contact with the pointed tooth, and the tongue healed gradually. These findings underscore that interprofessional collaboration including dentists can improve the quality of medical care