Comparison of Manuka Honey (Manuka Nd, G) and Etacridine Lactate (Rivanol) Applications in the Treatment of Infected Wounds in Cats

Background: Ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) has been used as an antibacterial drug in the treatment of infected wounds for many years. Although Manuka honey has been used in the treatment of burns, ulcers and infected wounds in human medicine for many years, its use in veterinary medicine is new.  Manuka honey has been found to provide rapid cicatrization and lower chronic pain levels, to prevent bad odor, and has antibacterial properties. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Etacridine lactate and Manuka honey in the treatment of infected wounds in cats.Materials, Methods & Results:  In this study, 32 cats, with infected wounds in different areas on their body, were used. Cats were divided into two groups. The Rivanol group (n = 16) consisted of 6 female and 10 male cats aged 4 ± 3 years from different breeds and in several weights. Manuka group (n = 16) consisted of 7 male and 9 female cats of different breeds and weight and aged 4 ± 2 years. Rivanol was applied to the first group and Manuka honey (Manuka Nd, G) was applied to the second group. First measurements were recorded after the surgical debridement of the wound area. Four measurements were made every 3 days. The size (length - width) of the wounds was measured and recorded. Parenteral Marbofloxacin was administered orally in all cases. In order to prevent the contact of the cases with the dressing, the collar was worn. In the Rivanol group, when the first measurement values (length: 4.29 ± 2.78 cm, width: 2.13 ± 0.58 cm) and the 4th measurement values (length: 2.21 ± 1.37 cm, width: 1.06 ± 0.41 cm) were compared, there was a decrease in the wound size. In the Manuka group, when the first measurement values (length 2.84 ± 1.51 cm, width: 2.01 ± 1.03cm) and the 4th measurement values (length: 1.42 ± 1.10 cm, width: 0.90 ± 0.72cm) were compared, the wound sizes were diminished as in the Rivanol group. In all measurement days, the differences between of Rivanol and Manuka groups concerning the width, length and wound sizes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Wound size, length and width showed a linear decrease over the measurement days. These decreases were similar in Rivanol and Manuka group. There was no statistically significant difference between Rivanol (12.44 ± 3.74 days) and Manuka (12.44 ± 4.68 days) groups over the cicatrization period (P > 0.05).Discussion: Rivanol and Manuka honey were effective in wound healing. Although there were no differences between the two groups, the wound sizes decreased in each measurement of the wounds. A moist environment was formed on the wound, debrideman accelerated and granulation tissue formation was encouraged with the application of both topical agents. Therefore, it was considered that wound healing in our cases was successful. It has been found that honey is frequently applied in wound treatment and in many areas in human medicine. However, in the field of veterinary medicine, there were few investigations. In the treatment of infected wounds of cats, it was determined that the application of Rivanol and Manuka honey yielded similar results in terms of time and there was no statistically significant difference. Manuka honey was found to be an alternative to Rivanol in the treatment of infected cat wounds. Manuka honey preparations (pad or pomade) were preferred because of the ease of use. In order to determine the efficacy of manuka honey in wound healing, it was thought that many further clinical or experimental studies should be carried out using microbiological, biochemical and histopathological parameters

Meta Analysis of Allele and Genotype Frequency of Growth Hormone (bGH) Gene Alul Polymorphism, Which is Effective on Milk Yield in Holstein Cattle

There are studies investigating the relationship between bGH gene Alul polymorphism and milk yield in bovine breeds. In the presented study, the relationship between different genotypes and lactation milk yields was determined by analyzing bGH-Alul genotype and allele frequencies in Holstein breed by meta-analysis method. The study material consisted of studies investigating bGH-Alul polymorphisms that are effective on milk yield in Holstein breed. According to the determined criteria, allele and genotype frequencies of 4583 samples in 20 studies selected from 35 studies and milk yields of 932 samples in 6 studies in which milk yields were calculated according to genotypes were included in the meta analysis. In the study, meta analyzes LL, LV and VV genotypes and L and V alleles and lactation milk yields were performed for bGH gene. The study samples were proved to be unbiased with the Begg and Mazumdar Rank Correlations test and funnel plot. As a result of the study, high heterogeneity was determined between the investigated studies concerning all genotypes (LL, LV and W) and allele frequencies (L and V), thus random effect model was used. Meta analyzes were done with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (CMA). According to the random effect model, pooled ratios in LL, LV and W genotypes are 0.710, 0.260 and 0.030; pooled ratios for L and V allele frequencies were calculated as 0.818 and 0.182 and were found statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, mean milk yields in LL, LV and VV genotypes were calculated as 6.64, 6.96, 7.13 L x1000 according to meta-analysis and subgroup analysis results, but no significant difference was found (P=0.958). At the end of the study, closer results to the population parameter were obtained regarding the relationship between bGH-Alul polymorphism genotype and milk yield in Holstein cattle with meta-analysis

Investigation of TLR1-9 genes and miR-155 expression in dogs infected with canine distemper

This study aimed to determine the relationship of toll-like receptor (TLR) 1-9 genes and microRNA (miR) -155 expression levels with hematologic parameters in dogs diagnosed with canine distemper. In the study, two groups were used pre-treatment and post-treatment. Infected dogs were diagnosed with canine distemper with the help of a rapid test kit and Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Based on the correlation coefficients between the expression levels of the genes examined within the scope of the study and hematologic values, a positive correlation was found between the TLR2 gene and the monocyte (MON) value and between the TLR4 gene and the platelet (PLT) value in the pre-treatment group. A strong positive correlation was identified between TLR3 and TLR9 genes and erythrocyte (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) values; between TLR5 gene and RBC, HGB and hematocrit (HCT) values and between TLR9 gene and RBC and HGB values in the post-treatment group, on the other hand, a positive correlation was found between TLR1 gene and MON and neutrophil (GRAN) values; between TLR3 gene and HCT value and between TLR9 gene and MON and HCT values. The study concluded that miR-155 and TLR8 gene were upregulated at a statistically significant level (P < 0.05) Posttreatment in dogs infected with canine distemper and there was a positive correlation between the upregulation of miR-155 and the upregulation of TLR8 in the same period. This result suggests that the upregulated miR155 expression post-treatment increased TLR8 gene expression. In the light of these findings, it miR-155 may have the potential to be used in clinical practice in the treatment or prognosis of dogs infected with canine distemper

The Effects of MBL1 Gene Polymorphism on Subclinical Mastitis in Holstein Cows

This study aims to investigate the effects of three single nucleotide (SNPs) polymorphisms of the MBL1 gene on subclinical mastitis for Holstein cows. For this study, a total of 151 Holstein cows were selected in their third lactation. The subclinical mastitis conditions were determined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Genotyping was carried out with the PCR-RFLP method. The results revealed that the wild-type allele frequencies were 0.72 (G allele), 0.40 (G allele), and 0.37 (T allele) for 1252 G>A, 2534 G>A, and 2569 T>C SNPs, respectively. Among the investigated SNPs, only the 1252 G>A SNP was not found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The effects of SNPs on subclinical mastitis were modeled using multiple logistic regression analysis. The established model can identify cows with subclinical mastitis with a separation efficiency of 62.3%. It was thought that 1252 G>A and 2534 G>A SNPs may affect subclinical mastitis rates

Determination of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a new indicator of oxidative stress in dairy cows with subclinical endometritis

The objective of this study was to determine thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) in infertile cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE). Endometrial cytological samples were collected using a cytobrush to diagnose SCE in 36 infertile cows. According to the results of the cytology examination, those with acute endometritis were classified as Group I (n = 20) and those with chronic endometritis were classified as Group II (n = 16). A control group was formed of heifers as Group III (n = 20). Blood samples were taken from each group on the day of diagnosis (day 0) to analyse TDH. In the cytology examination, both the Giemsa method and immunocytochemical staining were applied to determine chronic inflammation and activity status. In 55.55% (20/36) of the infertile cows with cytological endometritis, the inflammation was determined to be active, and in 44.44% (16/36) it had become chronic. The native thiol and total thiol levels were found to be statistically significantly lower in the acute (206.54 +/- 8.30 mu mol/L; 227.11 +/- 9.30 mu mol/L) and chronic SCE cases (225.15 +/- 11.89 mu mol/L; 247.96 +/- 10.80 mu mol/L) compared to the heathy control group (308.47 +/- 13.59 mu mol/L; 336.83 +/- 15.5 mu mol/L respectively) (P0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of native thiol, which can be used in the diagnosis of SCE, was 92.8%, that of total thiol was 89.3% and that of disulphide was 64.3% according to the ROC curve analysis. These results demonstrate that TDH is a reliable and sensitive indicator of oxidative stress in cow SCE, and that abnormal TDH might play a role in SCE pathogenic mechanisms. This is the first study to evaluate thiol/disulphide homeostasis in dairy cows with SCE as a new indicator of oxidative stress

ASSOCIATION OF NUMBER OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATIONS PER PREGNANCY IN HOLSTEIN DAIRY COWS WITH POLYMORPHISM IN LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR AND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR GENES

AKSEL, ESMA GAMZE/0000-0002-0040-8933WOS: 000408149800006Failure to become pregnant is the primary reason for a dairy cow to be culled from the production herd. A cow that is cycling normally, with no reproductive abnormalities, but has failed to conceive after at least three successive inseminations may cause economic losses in dairy farms. The present study aimed to examine the association between follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) genes polymorphisms and number of artificial inseminations in the Holstein cattle breed, raised in Turkey. A total of 264 Holstein cows were included in this study, consisting of 222 cows which had undergone a low number of artificial inseminations (two or less inseminations; LI) and 42 cows with a high number of artificial inseminations (three or more inseminations; HI). The polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to determine the FSHR-AluI and LHCGR-HhaI DNA variants. Three genotypes (CC, CG and GG) were observed for the FSHR gene in LI and HI cows. No statistical difference was found among LI and HI animals for the FSHR genotypes (P=0.934). However, only the CC genotype was detected in LI cows whereas the CC, CT and TT genotypes were detected in HI cows for the LHCGR gene. The genotype frequency of CC was found to be highest (93%) in the HI animals and an association between LHCGR genotypes and the number of artificial inseminations per pregnancy was identified (P<0.001). This is the first report to describes an association between FSHR and LHCGR polymorphisms and number of artificial inseminations in cows

Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on In Vitro Maturation of Cat Oocytes Recovered from Ovaries at Follicular and Luteal Stages

Bastan, Ayhan/0000-0001-8291-1147WOS: 000271098600024This study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of Epidermal growth factor (EGF) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of cat oocytes collected from ovaries at follicular and luteal phases of reproductive cycle. A total of 612 cumulus oocytes complexes (COCs) were obtained from 42 queens at either follicular or luteal phases. Oocytes were cultured in: (1) TCM 199 (no EGF): (2) TCM 199 plus 10 ng/ml EGF; (3) TCM 199 plus 50 ng/ml EGF. in 5% CO2 aerobic condition for 48 hours According to the chromosomal analyses, each oocyte was placed into the following categories: germinal vesicle (GV), metaphase I (M I). metaphase II (M II) and degenerate. In the luteal phase. the number of oocytes that remained at the GV stage was higher in the EGF 50 group (41.7%; P < 0.05). In the follicular phase. the number of oocytes in M II stage was higher in EGF 10 group (37.9% P < 0.05). The percentage of matured oocytes that reached M II stage was higher in luteal phase (P < 0.05) than in follicular phase for all EGF treated groups. This concluded that. addition of low concentration of EGF (10 ng/ml) to maturation media has a positive effect on the oocytes in comparison with control group (0 ng/ml). In contrast, a high concentration of EGF (50 ng/ml) has a negative result on IVM of cat oocytes and oocytes collected from ovaries on luteal phase are more advisable than follicular phase

Morphometric and histopathologic evaluation of the effects of cloprostenol and equine chorionic gonadotropin administration on the reproductive organs of female rats

The aim of this study was to determine the short-, mid- and long-term effects of cloprostenol (a synthetic analogue of prostoglandin F2 alpha, PG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (E) administration on reproductive organs (uterine tissue and ovaries) in female rats. Three different groups, PG, E, and control (C), were created, as well as six subgroups of the PG and E groups. After the treatment procedure, reproductive organs were removed surgically 7, 14, and 21 days after the last injection. Morphometric and histopathological changes in tissues were evaluated. It was shown that PG and E had a moderate proliferative effect on epithelial cells and endometrial glands, especially in the mid-term. It was also observed that, regardless of the time of application, some pathological changes can result from hormone administration