HISTORY OF PLASMA THERAPY: A CURRENTLY USED TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID-19

The current pandemic provides the most incredible opportunity to develop convalescent plasma therapy into an effective treatment modality for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) while a vaccine is still under development. The global reach of this pandemic, and the immediate need for effective treatments for patients with severe and critical COVID-19, is driving both basic and clinical research at an unprecedented rate. Convalescent plasma therapy is a treatment option that has been known since the 1900s and has been used in various disease treatments since then. Convalescent plasma therapy is one of the treatments currently being used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. We see that this treatment method was likewise used in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Ebola epidemics, which occurred worldwide in the recent past. This review aims to provide an overview of plasma therapy's history and the scientists behind this vital discovery. Secondarily, we report the recent global advances in convalescent plasma use in COVID-19 treatment

Psychiatric symptom rate of patients with Diabetes Mellitus: A case control study

Aims: The aim of the study is comparing the psychiatric symptom in Type1 DM, Type 2 DM and controls

Management of Polydrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

Background and Objectives: There is a lack of information regarding the effective duration of treatment necessary to prevent the development of acquired resistance when fluoroquinolones (FQ), and/or pyrazinamide (Z) resistance has occurred in patients with polydrug-resistant tuberculosis and isoniazid resistance. The management of these kinds of patients should be carried out in experienced centers according to drug susceptibility test results, clinical status of the patient and the extensity of the disease. Materials and Methods: We evaluated treatment regimens, treatment outcomes, and drug adverse effects in seven patients with polydrug-resistant tuberculosis, including those with Z and/or FQ resistance in a retrospective analysis Results: Regarding the patients with polydrug-resistant tuberculosis in addition to isoniazid (H) resistance, three had Z, two had FQ, and the remaining two had both Z and FQ resistance. In the intensive phase of the treatment, the patients were given at least four drugs according to drug susceptibility tests, and at least three drugs in the continuation phase. The duration of treatment was 9–12 months. Two of the patients were foreign nationals, and could not be followed up with due to returning to their home countries. Regarding the remaining five patients, three of them were terminated as they completed treatment, and two as cured. No recurrence was observed in the first year of the treatment. The most common, and serious drug side effect was seen for amikacin. Conclusions: In patients with polydrug-resistant TB, if Z and/or FQ resistance is detected in addition to H resistance, the treatment of these patients should be conducted on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the patient’s resistance pattern, clinical condition, and disease prognosis. Close monitoring of the side effects will increase the success rate of the treatment

EVs vs. EVs: MSCs and Tregs as a source of invisible possibilities

© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by various cells and exist in most biological fluids. They play an important role in cell–cell signaling, immune response, and tumor metastasis, and also have theranostic potential. They deliver many functional biomolecules, including DNA, microRNAs (miRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), lipids, and proteins, thus affecting different physiological processes in target cells. Decreased immunogenicity compared to liposomes or viral vectors and the ability to cross through physiological barriers such as the blood–brain barrier make them an attractive and innovative option as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic carriers. Here, we highlighted two types of cells that can produce functional EVs, namely, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), discussing MSC/Treg-derived EV-based therapies for some specific diseases including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), autoimmune diseases, and cancer