Prevention of sidewall redeposition of etched byproducts in the dry Au etch process

In this paper we present a new technique of etching thin Au film in a dual frequency inductively coupled plasma (ICP) system on Si substrate to prevent the redeposition of etched Au particles over the sidewall of the masking material known as veils. First, the effect of the lithography step was investigated. Then the effects of etch chemistry and the process parameters on the redeposition of etched Au particles on the sidewall of the masking material were investigated. The redeposition effect was examined by depositing a thin Ti film over the masking material acting as a hard mask. The results showed that depositing a thin Ti film over the masking material prevents the formation of veils after etching Au in plasma environments for submicron size structures. Based on the results of this study, we propose a new technique that completely eliminates formation of veils after etching Au in plasma environments for submicron size structures

A CMOS visible image sensor array using current mirroring integration readout circuitry

This paper reports the development of a CMOS visible sensor array using a high performance readout circuit called Current Mirroring Integration (CMI). The sensor element is a photodiode implemented using n-well and p+ -active layers available in any CMOS process. The current generated by optical excitation is mirrored and integrated in an off-pixel capacitor using the CMI readout circuit, which provides high injection efficiency, low input impedance, almost-zero and stable detector bias, and a high dynamic range. A 16x16 test array is fabricated using a 0.8µm CMOS process. Each detector pixel in the array occupies a 50µm x 50µm area with a fill factor of 60%. Operation of the fabricated test array is verified, and the output dynamic range is measured as 0.5V to 4.8

Multi-Scale Deformable Alignment and Content-Adaptive Inference for Flexible-Rate Bi-Directional Video Compression

The lack of ability to adapt the motion compensation model to video content is an important limitation of current end-to-end learned video compression models. This paper advances the state-of-the-art by proposing an adaptive motion-compensation model for end-to-end rate-distortion optimized hierarchical bi-directional video compression. In particular, we propose two novelties: i) a multi-scale deformable alignment scheme at the feature level combined with multi-scale conditional coding, ii) motion-content adaptive inference. In addition, we employ a gain unit, which enables a single model to operate at multiple rate-distortion operating points. We also exploit the gain unit to control bit allocation among intra-coded vs. bi-directionally coded frames by fine tuning corresponding models for truly flexible-rate learned video coding. Experimental results demonstrate state-of-the-art rate-distortion performance exceeding those of all prior art in learned video coding.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 202

Robustness of buffer allocation in multi-product multi-batch deterministic flow lines

Ankara : Department of Management and Graduate School of Business Administration of Bilkent University, 1993.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1993.Includes bibliographical references leaves 83-87.Today in industry flow lines are not just for a single end product. There is a stochasticity, such that there are various demand scenarios at hand, to be satisfied by the flow line. The performance of the flow line should not be very sensitive to demand changes. Aim of this study is to develop buffer allocation guidelines to help flow line designers.Kurucu, A AkınM.S

Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Nephrostomy For Obstructive Uropathy

We retrospectively evaluated the indications and complications in our patients that were performed of percutaneous nephrostomy applications with ultrasonography guidance.We evaluated 371 all patients whom applied percutaneous nephrostomy with ultrasonography guidance between January 2002 and December 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic data, cause of the obstruction, minor and major complications of patients were discussed.In this period, totally 455 Percutaneous nephrostomies (84 bilaterally, 287 unilaterally) in 371 patients (were placed in 113 females (30.45 %) and 258 males) were placed. The male (69.55%) patients whom mean age of the patients were 32.17 year (range 5 months to 85 years). In 17 of 371 (3.73%) patients, it was determined with antegrade pyelography that nephro stomy catheters were not in the kidney). Total success ratio was 96.37%. Causes of the obstructions were malignant diseases in for 76 patients (20.48%) and were benign diseases in for 295 patients (79.52%). The major complications were determined twenty-four of patients (6.46%). Major complications included macroscopic hematuria which needs transfusion (7 patients), septicemia (14 patients), and retroperitoneal colon perforation with needle (3 patients) were observed in 24 of the 371 patients. Minor complications were observed in 51 of the 371 patients (13.74 %). All of the minor complications were macroscopic hematuria that resolved in less than 24 hours. In conclusion, percutaneous nephrostomy with ultrasonography guidance were found as an effective and, safe and successful method for the drainage of upper urinary tract in the obstructive uropaty

Konjenital böbrek ve üriner kanal anomalisi bulunan çocukların klinik ve demografik özellikleri

Objective: Congenital anomaly of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) includes functional and structural anomalies that can cause end-stage renal disease in children. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with CAKUT are evaluated in this study. Methods: The files of patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of CAKUT between November 2008 and June 2011 in Diyarbakır Children’s Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Patient characteristics including age, gender, family history of CAKUT, consangineous marriage, and radiological imaging results were recorded. Results: The study was consisted of 232 patients 129 (55.6%) boys, and 103 (44.4%) girls. The mean age was 4.4 years. A family history of CAKUT was found in 15.2% of patients and 50.9% of parents had consanguineous marriage. Anomalies that were observed in the study included, ureteropelvic junction obstruction in 66 (28.5%), renal agenesis in 49 (21.1%), ectopic kidney in 25 (10.8%), horseshoe kidney in 25 (10.8%), multicystic dysplastic kidney in 20 (8.6%), vesicoureteral reflux in 20 (8.6%), polycystic kidney in 12 (5.2%), posterior urethral valve in 7 (3%), ureterovesical obstruction in 4 (1.7%), renal hypoplasia in 2 (0.9%), and fusion of kidneys in 2 (%0.9) patients. Renal scarring and chronic kidney disease was present in 32 (13.8%) and 7 (3%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: Childhood CAKUT can cause serious morbidities. Cases should be followed up carefully even from the antenatal period. Early intervention of cases requiring treatment will minimize the risk of permanent renal damage

Symptomological identification of Citrus Psorosis Virus (CPsV) in citrus orchards of Northern Cyprus

This study was conducted to perform symptomological identification of Citrus Psorosis Virus (CPsV) in Northern Cyprus. This is the oldest known citrus virus disease, which causes huge decrease in citrus fruits’ quality. The first symptoms of the disease were found in Florida and California in the 1890s. The most important and well known symptoms of CPsV are dehiscence and spalling of the trunk and branches of old trees. Chlorotic spotting and ringspot may also be caused on the leaves of infected young trees.There were reports not to kill the infected trees in the Mediterranean basin and America, but the disease leads to an important reduction in yield and fruit quality in time. Recent available verbal information among the farmers in Northern Cyprus claims that there is an increase in the symptoms of chlorotic spotting on leaves and spalling on tree trunks, which are thought to be caused by CPsV. Grafting is a common management technique on citrus trees in Northern Cyprus, where most of the varieties have been grafted on sour orange; and grafting is among the major ways of transmitting this virus, together with other mechanical practices.The results of the present study showed that the virus disease in different citrus species and varieties of Northern Cyprus are mostly symptomatic.  In the current work, citrus orchards which showed disease symptoms were all recorded and a detailed database was prepared for future molecular analyses. Thus, it is revealed that further molecular studies should be carried in order to perform a scientific investigation into the presence of this virus disease in Northern Cyprus and prove it molecularly

Phase transitions for PP-adic Potts model on the Cayley tree of order three

In the present paper, we study a phase transition problem for the $q$-state $p$-adic Potts model over the Cayley tree of order three. We consider a more general notion of $p$-adic Gibbs measure which depends on parameter \rho\in\bq_p. Such a measure is called {\it generalized $p$-adic quasi Gibbs measure}. When $\rho$ equals to $p$-adic exponent, then it coincides with the $p$-adic Gibbs measure. When $\rho=p$, then it coincides with $p$-adic quasi Gibbs measure. Therefore, we investigate two regimes with respect to the value of $|\rho|_p$. Namely, in the first regime, one takes $\rho=\exp_p(J)$ for some J\in\bq_p, in the second one $|\rho|_p<1$. In each regime, we first find conditions for the existence of generalized $p$-adic quasi Gibbs measures. Furthermore, in the first regime, we establish the existence of the phase transition under some conditions. In the second regime, when $|\r|_p,|q|_p\leq p^{-2}$ we prove the existence of a quasi phase transition. It turns out that if $|\r|_p<|q-1|_p^2<1$ and \sqrt{-3}\in\bq_p, then one finds the existence of the strong phase transition.Comment: 27 page