Fabrication and Study of Mechanical Property Fly Ash and Jute Fiber Bio Composite

With increase in population the market demand of the articles or the items were also increased. To feed the population different polymeric items or non biodegradable material are manufactured by industries, which decade the environment slowly-slowly. To over-come this problem the present study was done with the use of thermal waste i.e. fly ash and bio composite fiber as reinforced material with epoxy resin as matrix materials. In this study the mechanical properties such as flexural and compression of reinforced and matrix are discussed. Fabrications of different specimens of bio composite fibers are done by using hand layout method Different specimens are developed with different composition of constituent i.e. fly ash and jute fiber with resin matrix. 40 to 60% (wt % of the composite) of fly ash and 2% to 5% (wt % of the composite) of jute with matrix material for different specimen i.e. E1, E2, and E3. The mechanical properties were analysis after the testing of specimen on UTM (universal testing machine) servo hydraulic machine for compressive, tensile and flexural strength. Keywords: fly ash, epoxy resin, hand layout technique and mechanical properties

Identification of protective immune responses and the immunomodulatory capacity of <em>Litomosoides sigmodontis</em>

Using the mouse model Litomosoides sigmodontis, research focusing on the protective immune responses within the host as well as the immunomodulatory capabilities of filarial infections is possible. The immunomodulatory capacities of filariae not only allow the worms to persist for a long time within the host, but also mediate a beneficial effect for the host itself, for example by protecting against autoimmune diseases. In this thesis, a role for the intracellular pattern recognition receptor NOD2 during infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis is demonstrated. NOD2 deficient mice had an increased worm burden at the site of infection compared to wild type (WT) controls during the early phase of infection. While the immune response within the thoracic cavity, the site of adult worm residence, was not impaired, subcutaneous injection of L3 larvae did not lead to an increased worm burden in NOD2-/- mice. This thesis reveals that the NOD2-dependent mechanism occurs within the skin. We found an impaired neutrophil recruitment to the skin against invading L3 larvae as the decisive mechanism leading to the increased worm burden in NOD2-/- mice. A new role for the NOD2 receptor during the skin stage of L. sigmodontis infection is shown. The essential role for neutrophils during protective immune responses within the skin was further confirmed using IL-6-/- mice, in which the increased worm burden during early time points of infection was also found to be caused by an impaired neutrophil recruitment to the skin. Another focus of this thesis was the immunomodulatory abilities of helminth infections on autoimmune diseases. Intraperitoneal injections of a crude worm extract in combination with intra-nasal proinsulin administration prevented the onset of type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. While each component by itself was not successful when given at a progressed state of disease, our combination therapy protected mice until the age of ten weeks; a time point in NOD mice at which insulitis of the pancreatic islet cells already occurs Our study demonstrates that the inclusion of an antigen-specific treatment to the already known protective effect of helminth antigens improves the protection against type 1 diabetes onset

A review on sewage sludge (Biosolids) a resource for sustainable agriculture

Sewage sludge (Biosolids) generation is fastly increasing resulting from the regular increase of population, urban planning and industrial developments worldwide. The sludge needs to be adequately treated and environmentally managed to reduce the negative impacts of its application or disposal. The present review deals with the different applications of sewage sludge for sustainable agriculture. The scattered literature is harnessed to critically review the uses of biosolids to promote sustainable practices focusing on the productive uses of sewage sludge or biosolids. Biosolids or sewage sludge is the byproduct of municipal wastewater, sewage effluent and effluent treatment plants. The treatment plants are generating huge amount of biosolids. The present review focuses on the different applications of biosolids or sewage sludge as in many countries the biosolids or sewage sludge are frequently using for various purposes like for biogas production, land filling, organic fertilizer, soil amendment, and to enhance the crop yield of agricultural crops. Therefore, biosolids or sewage sludge is in the consideration as a resource worldwide. Besides this higher content of different heavy metals and microorganisms are the important constraints for the application of biosolids or sewage sludge in the various fields. Thus, this review emphasizes the different applications and possible limitations for the use of biosolids or sewage sludge as a resource. Efforts have been made on the possible pretreatment of biosolids or sewage sludge to make it more feasible for their applications. Therefore, different properties of biosolids or sewage sludge, their applications along with possible limitations have been discussed in the present review to formulate the biosolids or sewage sludge as a resource for the sustainable development

Botanical origin and chemical composition of bee pollens collected from Apis cerana hives domesticated in the Pauri Garhwal, Western Himalaya, India

The present investigation aims to determine the botanical origin and chemical composition of bee pollen samples (n =22) harvested from Apis cerana hives domesticated in Pauri Garhwal (Uttarakhand, India). The majority (95%) of the samples were unifloral in their botanical origin. All the identified pollens belonged to eighteen plant families, among which Rutaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae were found dominant. The chemical parameters soluble sugars, starch, crude protein, amino acids and phenolic contents were analyzed calorimetrically and were found in the range from 0.2 to 26.09 mg/g, 0.22 to 11.04 mg/g, 13.40 to 191.41 mg/g, 2.01 to 6.48 mg/g, and 5.10 to 35.50 mg GAE/g, respectively. Statistically significant differences (p&lt;0.05) were observed between the chemical contents of the analyzed samples and a moderate correlation (r= 0.40; n=22) was observed between total soluble sugars and crude protein. Bee pollens as a good source of nutrition, medicine and dietary supplement for both humans and bees, demonstrate the important need to define bee pollen from different regions of India in order to develop bee pollen quality standards

Ethno-medicinal plants used by Jadh Bhotiya Community of District Uttarakashi, Uttarakhand, India

In the present study, our aim was to document the traditional knowledge regarding ethno-medicinal plants used by the Jadh-Bhotiya community in the Uttarakashi district (Uttarakhand, India). A total of 54 taxa, belonging to 49 genera and 31 families, were recorded with medicinal properties. Lamiaceae, Liliaceae and Orchidaceae were the dominant families (in terms of number of species), while the top genera included Berberis, Habenaria, Malaxis and Polygonatum. Herbs constituted the dominant life form (82%), followed by shrubs and trees (9% each). Roots (20%) and the whole plant (13%) showed a higher proportion of use for medication. Powder (33%) and paste (20%) were the most frequently used drug preparation methods. Regional conservation assessment analysis revealed that 76% of the species were recorded under the 'Least Concern' (LC) category, followed by 'Vulnerable' (VU) with 13% of the species, and 11% of the species were recorded under the 'Near Threatened' (NT) category. Aconitum heterophyllum, Arnebia benthamii, Nardostachys jatamansi, Rheum australe, Saussurea obvallata and Taxus wallichiana were recorded under the ‘Near Threatened’ (NT) category. Angelica glauca, Carduus edelbergii, Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Ephedra gerardiana, Lilium polyphyllum, Malaxis acuminata, and Malaxis muscifera were recorded under the ‘Vulnerable’ (VU) category, while the remaining species were recorded under the ‘Least Concern’ (LC) category. The knowledge about therapeutic information concerning plants in the study area and elsewhere is diminishing day by day. Regional-level conservation status of plant species can be helpful in the global conservation status assessment. It is recommended that conservation measures be applied for the betterment of those species falling under various conservation categories, especially the threatened ones. Additionally, more ethno-medicinal studies are recommended in such remote regions to further enhance our understanding of traditional medicinal practices and contribute to the conservation of indigenous plant knowledge

Information and communication technology in agribusiness: A study of mobile applications in perspective of India

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry in one of its finding in 2019 stated that about 58%  Indians are dependent on agriculture and agriculture sector make about 15.96 % of India’s GDP. To get the best agriculture inputs and best harvest price is the big question for Indian farmers; thus, we can say that “Agriculture is the foundation of the Indian economy”. With the origin of Mobile Applications (m-apps) for agriculture and a huge dependency on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in agribusiness, the scenario in rural India has been changing rapidly. Since India’s economy depends mainly on agriculture, there is a lot of potential for Information and Communication Technology and mobile applications for agribusiness and its marketing. With growing smartphones with m-apps penetration in rural India, the agribusiness in rural belts of India is set for extension and further digitalization to revolutionize the agriculture sector. In recent years, nearly all Indian farmers possess a mobile, and 50%are smartphones with internet connections. With Government's new legislative policy changes as the Digital India programme, mobile applications in India's rural belt cannot remain isolated. Digital India will connect rural Indians farmers worldwide through the internet and mobile applications and provide them with all necessary upliftment in agribusiness in India. This study has focused on the ICT and m-applications used in farming today and how they have changed agribusiness by providing a digital platform and with their impact on agribusiness

合理的な分子設計による安定性と効率向上を目指した様々なアンカー基を用いた近赤外色素の研究

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：生工博甲第388号 学位授与年月日：令和3年3月25

Eco Beach Cleaner

Trash and litter left on beaches can endanger the life of coastal animals, like turtles and birds, and also damagetourism industries by diminishing the natural beauty of beaches. To solve this problem, most coastal areas employmanual labor, volunteer work, or large zambonini-like machines to pick of trash. However, these operations are veryexpensive and time-consuming. In order to efficiently stop the increasingly negative impact of trash debris on coastalecosystems, forms of mechanized, autonomous trash collection and disposal need to be utilized. Developing a robot that cantransverse sandy terrain, pick up small trash debris, dispose of contained trash debris, and avoid large objects and theocean all while functioning autonomously presents a variety of technical challenges. The invention is predicated upon thelater developed concept of raking or combing the sand to a degree of continuity and thoroughness that will assureremoval of not only larger sized debris, but also the bulk of smaller pieces such as broken glass, nails and the like,without necessitating or involving the removal or displacement with the debris, of any consequential quantitiesof the beach sand itself. This paper present the controlling and monitoring of the solar power device which is capable ofpicking up the miscellaneous litter which accumulates on the beach and collects all the litter after filltering the sand to aself attached trash box

Dynamics of carbon pool in Oak dominated community forests of District Tehri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

The present study was carried out community forest of Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand. The amount of growing stock volume density in the study region were ranges between 28.21 m3/ha and 44.59 m3/ha, above-ground biomass density ranges between 200.59 Mg ha-1 and 238.44 Mg ha-1, belowground biomass density range between 128.03 and 192.96 Mg/ha, total biomass density was in the range of 287.76 and 431.40 Mg ha-1 and total carbon density ranges between 162.40 and 194.13 Mg ha-1. The isolation of total biomass density into aboveground and belowground parts showed a similar pattern in every one of the forest locales. Present study proposes that community forests play a vital role in ecosystem health they are playing their job quietly in the moderation of environmental carbon and crucial for future planning. Loss of old community forestry system is centre for concern to the forest department, forest rangers and forestry researchers. Protection of community forests is an urgent need for the maintenance of community ecosystem in temperate region of Garhwal Himalaya Uttarakhand. Preservation of the both young and old growth forests is the best way to adapt to environmental change and a worldwide temperature alteration. As we probably are aware the pattern of old cultivating in the networks close to the urban communities is decrease and will be supplanted by present day procedures so we need to look through some new strategy and execution to monitor the old cultivating methods. The ground stock volume density shows moderate positive correlation with altitude (r =0.325) while above ground biomass density (r = 0.203) below ground biomass density, total biomass density and total carbon density shows week positive correlation with altitude (r =0.117, r = 0.194 and r = 0.194 respectively). The Linear regression shows that ground stock volume density, above ground biomass density, below ground biomass density, total biomass density &nbsp;and total carbon density &nbsp;not dependent only altitude some other factor affecting them. While as above ground biomass density show highly positive correlation with total biomass density and total carbon density whereas altitude show less positive correlation with below ground biomass density)

Human health risk assessment of temporal and spatial variations of ground water quality at a densely industrialized commercial complex at Haridwar, India

The observations of present investigation revealed that the groundwater regime at State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Industrial Estate (IE) was highly responsive to the anthropogenic stress of recharge and discharge parameters concerning the distressing industrial activities. The present study on groundwater characteristics of SIDCUL-IE, Haridwar in year 2013-2014 showed that the water of Sampling station-D (SSD) had relatively poor quality in comparison to the groundwater collected from Sampling station-A (SSA), Sampling station-B (SSB) and Sampling station-C (SSC). The samples had a high mineral load with relatively wider pH range. The physico-chemical parameters like pH (6.35 in October) at SSA, TDS (553.5 mg/l in November) at SSC, TH (600.0 mg/l in July) at SSB and alkalinity (525.0 mg/l in October) at SSD were beyond the prescribed limits of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Karl Pearson correlation matrix showed moderate to significantly positive correlation between various parameters like COD-phosphorus (r=0.629), temperature-DO (r=-0.477) at SSA; pH and bicarbonate (r=0.668) at SSB; pH-temperature (r=-0.551),turbidity-BOD (r=0.467), BOD-phosphorus (r=0.518), bicarbonate-acidity (r=-0.833) at SSC and TSS-turbidity (r=0.616), BOD-COD (r=0.6771) at SSD and temperature-DO (r=-0.666), hardness-acidity (r=-0.6542) BOD-COD (r=0.654) at control site. The overall quality of groundwater, though hard, was found acceptable for drinking purpose. The divergence in the results of groundwater samples taken from SIDCUL-IE and the Control site, 2 km away from SIDCUL-IE, indicated that groundwater pollution is increasing alarmingly which may have serious threats to human health in near future