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Faster Blood Flow Rate Does Not Improve Circuit Life in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Objectives: To determine whether blood flow rate influences circuit life in continuous renal replacement therapy.
Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Single center tertiary level ICU.
Patients: Critically ill adults requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.
Interventions: Patients were randomized to receive one of two blood flow rates: 150 or 250âmL/min.
Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was circuit life measured in hours. Circuit and patient data were collected until each circuit clotted or was ceased electively for nonclotting reasons. Data for clotted circuits are presented as median (interquartile range) and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Survival probability for clotted circuits was compared using log-rank test. Circuit clotting data were analyzed for repeated events using hazards ratio. One hundred patients were randomized with 96 completing the study (150âmL/min, n = 49; 250âmL/min, n = 47) using 462 circuits (245 run at 150âmL/min and 217 run at 250âmL/min). Median circuit life for first circuit (clotted) was similar for both groups (150âmL/min: 9.1âhr [5.5â26 hr] vs 10âhr [4.2â17 hr]; p = 0.37). Continuous renal replacement therapy using blood flow rate set at 250âmL/min was not more likely to cause clotting compared with 150âmL/min (hazards ratio, 1.00 [0.60â1.69]; p = 0.68). Gender, body mass index, weight, vascular access type, length, site, and mode of continuous renal replacement therapy or international normalized ratio had no effect on clotting risk. Continuous renal replacement therapy without anticoagulation was more likely to cause clotting compared with use of heparin strategies (hazards ratio, 1.62; p = 0.003). Longer activated partial thromboplastin time (hazards ratio, 0.98; p = 0.002) and decreased platelet count (hazards ratio, 1.19; p = 0.03) were associated with a reduced likelihood of circuit clotting.
Conclusions: There was no difference in circuit life whether using blood flow rates of 250 or 150âmL/min during continuous renal replacement therapy
No evidence for killer sperm or other selective interactions between human spermatozoa in ejaculates of different males in vitro
This study examines one of the possible mechanisms of sperm competition, i.e. the kamikaze sperm hypothesis. This hypothesis states that sperm from different males interact to incapacitate each other in a variety of ways. We used ejaculates from human donors to compare mixes of semen in vitro from the same or different males. We measured the following parameters: (i) the degree of sperm aggregation, velocity and proportion of morphologically normal sperm after 1 and 3 h incubation in undiluted semen samples, (ii) the proportion of viable sperm plus the same parameters as in (i) in 'swim-up' sperm suspensions after 1 and 3 h incubation, (iii) the degree of self and non-self sperm aggregation using fluorescent dyes to distinguish the sperm of different males, and (iv) the extent of sperm capacitation and acrosome-reacted sperm in mixtures of sperm from the same and different males. We observed very few significant changes in sperm aggregation or performance in mixtures of sperm from different males compared with mixtures from the same male and none that were consistent with previously reported findings. The incapacitation of rival sperm therefore seems an unlikely mechanism of sperm competition in humans
Memory, space and time: Researching children's lives
This article discusses the research approach in 'Pathways through Childhood', a small qualitative study drawing on memories of childhood. The research explores how wider social arrangements and social change influence children's everyday lives.The article discusses the way that the concepts of social memory, space and time have been drawn on to access and analyse children's experiences, arguing that attention to the temporal and spatial complexity of childhood reveals less visible yet formative influences and connections. Children's everyday engagements involve connections between past and present time, between children, families, communities and nations, and between different places. Children carve out space and time for themselves from these complex relations. © The Author(s) 2010
Do Multinational enterprises push up wages of domestic firms in the Italian Manufacturing sector?
This paper analyzes the effects of foreign direct investment on wages paid by domestic firms in the Italian manufacturing sector over the period 2002â2007. In particular, the authors investigate the im-pact of multinational enterprises on wages paid by local firms which operate in the same industry, known and horizontal wage spillovers, or have linkages with multinational enterprises in both downstream and upstream industries, known as vertical wage spillovers. By using a large panel dataset, consisting of 551,000 observations, the authors find evidence of wage spillovers only at inter-industry level and, more specifically, for those firms who supply their goods to multinational enterprises, described as backward wage spillovers. Moreover, findings suggest that the wage spillover effect is strongly affected by the technological gap between local and foreign firms: only workers employed in domestic firms with a low-medium technological absorptive capacity seem to benefit from the presence of multinational enterprises in terms of higher wages
PO-0751: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for abdominopelvic reirradiation: early results
Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Polarization Measurements of OMC-1
We present 2micron polarization measurements of positions in the BN region of
the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1) made with NICMOS Camera 2 (0.2'' resolution)
on HST. Our results are as follows: BN is sim 29% polarized by dichroic
absorption and appears to be the illuminating source for most of the nebulosity
to its north and up to sim 5'' to its south. Although the stars are probably
all polarized by dichroic absorption, there are a number of compact, but
non-point-source, objects that could be polarized by a combination of both
dichroic absorption and local scattering of star light. We identify several
candidate YSOs, including an approximately edge-on bipolar YSO 8.7'' east of
BN, and a deeply-embedded variable star. Additional strongly polarized sources
are IRc2-B, IRc2-D, and IRc7, all of which are obviously self-luminous at
mid-infrared wavelengths and may be YSOs. None of these is a reflection nebula
illuminated by a star located near radio source I, as was previously suggested.
Other IRc sources are clearly reflection nebulae: IRc3 appears to be
illuminated by IRc2-B or a combination of the IRc2 sources, and IRc4 and IRc5
appear to be illuminated by an unseen star in the vicinity of radio source I,
or by Star n or IRc2-A. Trends in the magnetic field direction are inferred
from the polarization of the 26 stars that are bright enough to be seen as
NICMOS point sources. The most polarized star has a polarization position angle
different from its neighbors by sim 40^o, but in agreement with the grain
alignment inferred from millimeter polarization measurements of the cold dust
cloud in the southern part of OMC-1.Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, to appear in The Astrophysical Journa
Idylls of socialism : the Sarajevo Documentary School and the problem of the Bosnian sub-proletariat
This historical overview of the Sarajevo Documentary School considers the films, in the light of their recent re-emergence, as indicative of both the legacy of socialist realism (even in the context of Yugoslav media) and attempted social engineering in the Bosnia of the 1960s and 1970s. The argument is made that the documentaries, despite their questionable aesthetic status (in respect of cinma-vrit and ethnography) and problematic ideological strategies and attempted interventions, document a history and offer insights that counter the prevailing revisionist trends in the presentation of Eastern and Central European history
An Improved Upper Bound for the Ground State Energy of Fermion Lattice Models
We present an improved upper bound for the ground state energy of lattice
fermion models with sign problem. The bound can be computed by numerical
simulation of a recently proposed family of deformed Hamiltonians with no sign
problem. For one dimensional models, we expect the bound to be particularly
effective and practical extrapolation procedures are discussed. In particular,
in a model of spinless interacting fermions and in the Hubbard model at various
filling and Coulomb repulsion we show how such techniques can estimate ground
state energies and correlation function with great accuracy.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures; to appear in Physical Review
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